The role of atomic hydrogen and hydrogen-induced martensites in hydrogen embrittlement of type 304L stainless steel

The role of atomic hydrogen and hydrogen-induced martensites in hydrogen embrittlement in slow strain rate tensile tests and hydrogen-induced delayed cracking (HIC) in sustained load tests for type 304 L stainless steel was quantitatively studied. The results indicated that hydrogen-induced martensites formed when hydrogen concentration C0 exceeded 30 ppm, and increased with an increase in C0, i.e. M(vol%) =62-82.5exp( - C0/102). The relative plasticity loss caused by the marten-sites increased linearly with increasing amount of the martensites, i.e. Iδ(M),% = 0.45M(vol %) = 27.9-37.1 exp( -C0/102). The plasticity loss caused by atomic hydrogen Iδ(H) increased with an increase in C0 and reached a saturation value Iδ(H)max = 40% when C0 > 100 ppm. Iδ( H) decreased with an increase in strain rate E , i.e. Iδ (H), % = - 21.9 - 9. 9(?), and was zero when (?)≥(?)c = 0.032/ s. HIC under sustained load was due to atomic hydrogen, and the threshold stress intensity for HIC decreased linearly with lnC0, i.e     

氢脆中氢的偏聚和裂纹的扩展

本文论述了钢中氢的偏聚情况和裂纹扩展的关系，对了解氢脆的机理，防止氢脆的发生提供了重要依据。     

TiAl／B4C复合陶瓷烧结工艺参数的确定

利用Ti粉、Al粉和B4C粉制备复合材料.先将球磨的TiAl粉在气氛保护下进行热处理,与B4C粉混合后进行真空热压烧结,通过对最高烧结温度和保温时间等工艺参数的控制制备高强轻质的复合材料.结果表明:不同的最高烧结温度对材料的性能和最终相组成有很大影响,同时探讨了材料中不同的物相和含量对性能的影响.     

镍参比电极原子氢电化学传感器

加氢反应器是石油化工行业的关键设备,由于长期工作在高温、高压环境中,要求附着在其器壁上用于测定原子氢的传感器具有较好的高温工作特性．研制一种用镍电极作为参比电极的三电极系统化学传感器,试验了该传感器的基本性能,确定了氢渗透时原子氢氧化的最佳氧化电位为0．4V（vsNi）．     

天然气闸阀法兰螺钉断裂失效分析

运用金相分析、化学成分分析、断口宏微观分析、能谱分析等方法,对天然气闸阀法兰螺钉断裂的原因进行了研究.分析结果表明螺钉的断裂可能是由＂氢脆＂及＂杂质偏析＂引起的.     

Oxidation behavior of niobized TiAl by plasma surface alloying

Plasma surface alloying of element Nb in TiAl-based alloys and the oxidation behavior were studied. The composition and microstructure of the surface alloyed layers were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）,energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDX）,and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The experimental results indicate that the diffusion layers are formed on the TiAl substrate during the plasma niobizing process. The result from oxidation resistance investigation shows that plasma niobizing greatly improves the oxidation resistance of TiAl compared with the untreated TiAl. The role of element Nb for improving the oxidation resistance is considered to be achieved by strengthening the activity of Al,which is induced by the plasma niobizing process.     

过热度对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb缩孔缩松的影响研究

使用CaO坩埚真空感应熔炼的方法对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb进行铸锭,然后通过改变过热度,从宏观和微观两方面对钛铝合金铸锭中缩孔缩松的位置及含量分别进行分析,经过大量实验,最终得出过热度对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb铸锭缩孔缩松的影响规律。     

Preparation and properties of the Ni-Al/Fe-Al intermetallics composite coating produced by plasma cladding

A novel approach to produce an intermetallic composite coating was put forward.The microstructure,microhardness,and dry-sliding wear behavior of the composite coating were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis,microhardness test,and ball-on-disc wear experiment.XRD results indicate that some new phases FeAl,Fe0.23Ni0.77Al,and Ni3Al exit in the composite coating with the Al2O3 addition.SEM results show that the coating is bonde...     

Fe_3Al金属间化合物研究现状与发展

对Fe3Al金属间化合物的研究现状进行了概述 ,重点介绍了合金化对Fe3Al组织性能的影响和位错组态研究进展 ;同时指出金属间化合物Fe3Al的低室温塑性和环境脆性有关     

Preparation of TiAl/Al_2O_3 composites by combustion synthesis

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｉｔａｎｉｕｍａｌｕｍｉｎｉｄｅｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎＴｉＡｌｈａｖｅｅｘｃｅｌ ｌｅｎｔｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏｔａｋｅｔｈｅｐｌａｃｅｏｆｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｔｉｔａｎｉ ｕｍａｎｄｎｉｃｋｅｌａｌｌｏｙｓｉｎａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｓｐａｃｅｃｒａｆｔｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ,ｇｏｏｄｅｌｅｖａｔｅｄ ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｈｉｇｈｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ[1～ 3] .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ｔｈｅｗａｙｔｏｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌａｐｐ…     

液相接触法生成TiAl3晶须的机理分析

在分析液相接触反应生成ＴｉＢ２颗粒机制时,发现反应块表面存在一些ＴｉＡｌ３＾８昌须。本文用ＳＥＭ分析了反应温度对ＴｉＡｌ３晶须形貌的影响,讨论了ＴｉＡｌ３晶须的生长机理结果表明：ＴｉＡｌ３晶须的长径比随反应温度升高而减少;ＴｉＡｌ３的晶须的生长机理为ＶＬＳ机制,但在晶须生长过程中触媒液滴里的Ｔｉ参与了反应,这与一般的晶须生长ＶＬＳ机理有所不同。     

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of TiC／TiAl Composites

TiC/ TiAl composites with different TiC content were fabricated by rapid heating technique of spark plasma sintering ( SPS ). The effect of TiC purticles on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl matrix was imestigated. The results indicate that grain sizes of TiAl matrix decrease and mechanical properties are improved because of the addition of TiC particles. The composites display a 26.8% increase in bending strength when 10wt% TiC is added and 43.8% improvement in fracture toughness when 5ut% TiC is added compared to values of TiC-free materials. Grain-refinement and dispersion-strengthening were the main strengthening mechanism. The improvement of fracture toughness was due to the deflexion of TiC particles to the crack.     

极化面析氢机理与氢致开裂

利用电化学方法研究了氢渗透过程中极化面析氢的机理．试验结果表明，用ＮａＯＨ作充氢介质比用Ｈ２ＳＯ４作充氢介质所测得的氢扩散系数低是由于水化氢离子的脱水过程进行缓慢及所附加的电阻极化所致；氢渗曲线上具有一个或一个以上的异常隆峰是由于氢致开裂时不可逆陷阱密度的增加以及裂纹周围所产生的加工硬化所致．     

热压TiAl/Ti2AlC复合材料的相形成规律

采取原位热压方法，利用Ti、Al、TiC为原料合成了TiAl／Ti2AlC复合材料。通过X衍射图谱，分析了从600℃到1300℃该合成过程的相形成规律。Ti、Al、TiC的反应大致可分为2个阶段：900℃之前，Ti和Al反应生成TiAl金属化合物；900℃之后，TiAl金属间化合物和TiC反应并合成致密TiAl／Ti：AlC复合材料。讨论了这2个阶段的反应机及烧结产物的微观结构特点。     

碳纳米管增强钛铝基复合材料的组织与性能

采用激光熔铸技术制备碳纳米管增强钛铝合金复合材料,对铸块的组织、结构及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明：铸块的基体主相为TiAl,Ti3Al合金,碳纳米管细化了基体组织晶粒,适量的碳纳米管提高了材料的硬度和韧性,w（CNTs）=1．5％时,复合材料显微硬度（738HV）与相同条件下基体合金硬度（647HV）相比提高了14％,材料断口为韧性断裂。     

Microstruetures and Mechanical Properties of TiC Particle Reinforced TiAl Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering

Using spark plasma sintering（SPS） technique, TiC particle reinforced γ-TiAl composites were prepared with varying weight fraction of TiC powders. The effects of the TiC fractions and distributions on the properties of the composites were investigated. The composite containing 7wt% TiC had the optimum three-point bending strength of 842 MPa,which was 200 MPa greater than that of the unreinforced γ-TiAl intermetallic. The degradation of the bending strength occurred in the composites containing more than 7wt% TiC and this was believed to be attributed to agglomerated particles of TiC, which acted as crack initiation and propagation sites. The increase of strength in TiC reinforced IMCs came from the grain refinement and the interaction of dislocations with the reinforcing particles. The bending strength of the IMC containing 7wt% TiC was theoretically estimated to increase by 85 MPa and 200 MPa, respectively, by the grain refinement and dislocation strengthening, the total of which was ahnost in accordance with the improvement in that of the unreinforced γ-TiAl intermetallic when considering normal estimation errors.     

Effects of HIPing pressure on microstructures and properties of TiAl alloy

ＴｉＡｌａｌｌｏｙｉｓａｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｏｒａｄｖａｎｃｅｄａｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅａｉｒｆｒａｍｅｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ,ｇｏｏｄｏｘｉｄａ ｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｈｉｇｈｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｔｈｉｇｈｔｅｍ ｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ.Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｉｔｓｌｏｗｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｌｅｄｕｃｔｉｌｉｔｙａｔａｍｂｉｅｎｔｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｓｈｉｎｄｅｒｉｎｇｉｔｆｒｏｍｂｅｉｎｇｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄ[1,2 ] .Ｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｓｅｍｅ…     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of TiC Particle Reinforced TiAl Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering

Using spark plasma sintering(SPS)technique,TiC particle reinforcedγ-TiAl composites were prepared with varying weight fraction of TiC powders.The effects of the TiC fractions and distributions on the properties of the composites were investigated.The composite containing 7wt%TiC had the optimum three-point bending strength of 842 MPa,which was 200 MPa greater than that of the unreinforcedγ-TiAl intermetallic.The degradation of the bending strength occurred in the composites containing more than 7wt% TiC and this was believed to be attributed to agglomerated particles of TiC,which acted as crack initiation and propagation sites.The increase of strength in TiC reinforced IMCs came from the grain refinement and the interaction of dislocations with the reinforcing particles.The bending strength of the IMC containing 7wt% TiC was theoretically estimated to increase by 85 MPa and 200 MPa,respectively,by the grain refinement and dislocation strengthening,the total of which was almost in accordance with the improvement in that of the unreinforcedγ-TiAl intermetallic when considering normal estimation errors.     

Influence of mechanical alloying time on the properties of Fe_3Al intermetallics prepared by spark plasma sintering

The Fe3Al-based intermetallics were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS), and the influence of milling time on the properties of materials was investigated. The phase identification was investigated by X-ray, and the surface morphology and fractography were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties such as bending strength, strain, and microhardness were tested. The results show that Fe reacts with Al completely to form Fe3Al during short SPS processing time. The relative densities of the sintered samples were nearly 100/. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples can be improved along with the milling time. The representative values are the bend strength of 1327 MPa and the microhardness of 434.     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定紫菜中铅含量

应用快速、灵敏的氢化物发生原子荧光法测定了紫菜中铅的含量，该法基于紫菜样品中铅用HNO3和HClO4浸提，K3Fe（CN）6＋H2C2O4氧化掩蔽后直接测定，样品回收率为96．0％～101．5％，方法的检出限为0．68μg／L，RSD为3．0％。