B.t.β-环糊精包合物的制备及其杀虫效果

制备出苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．t．）β-环糊精包合物,并对包合物进行了差热分析,证明B．t．原粉被β-环糊精包合。室内生物活性测定结果表明,当B．t．原粉与β-环糊精质量比为0．5：2时,包合物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高,确定包合物中B．t．原粉与肛环糊精的最佳质量比为0．5：2。盆栽药效试验结果表明,当B．t．原粉制成环糊精包合物后,与B．t．原粉和B．t．制剂相比,对小菜蛾的防效明显提高。药剂处理后1、3、7d,B．t．环糊精包合物对小菜蛾的防效分别为41．67％、61．54％和60．00％,而B．t．原粉和制剂的防效分别为23．61％、38．46％、32．00％和31．94％、52．31％、46．00％。     

Refractory compounds of basic composition for the monolithin lining of steel-teeming ladles

Conclusions Questions of the method of production of basic ramming compounds at Panteleimonovka Refractory Plant and their use in the monolithic lining of the walls of 160-ton steel-teeming ladles of the No. 2 Converter Shop of Kirvoi Rog Steel Combine are considered.An analysis of the wear of the lining during service showed that it occurs as the result of spalling of the sintered zone and salamandering of the lining. The use of a movable thermally insulated lid made it possible to hold the temperature of the ladle lining within limits of 730–1120°C between heats and to obtain a basic rammed lining life of 21–39 heats as opposed to an average life for the shop of 14.8 heats.A reserve for increasing the ladle basic lining life is optimization of the thermal conditions of its service, including high-temperature heating of the lining before pouring of the metal, the use of thermally insulated lids with the minimum consumption of time for placing of them, an increase in the life of the well refractory to the life of the walls and bottom, and elimination of cooling of the lining between heats.A Discussion: Problems of the Production and Use of Refractories for the Lining of Steel-Teeming Ladles. [For the start of the discussion see No. 8 (1988) and for the continuation Nos. 9–12 (1988) and Nos. 1–3, 5, and 7 (1989).]Deceased.I. I. Glaka, N. F. Drobot, N. V. Kurmaz, B. P. Zinchenko, S. A. Poznyak, I. M. Ryaboshapkin, V. V. Slushko, A. A. Chulkov, Yu. Bormatov, S. I. Vanchyuk, V. I. Dobrovol'skii, B. G. Zhuravel', N. I. Kiyan, L. I. Nekrasov, N. M. Sokolov, P. V. Khomenko, G. A. Nikitenko, S. Dorgobuzov, P. I. Valiev, N. N. Gorbatko, V. I. Kovalenko, and M. I. Lyakhov of Krivoi Rog Steel participated in the preparation and tests of the basic monolithic linings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 1–4, August, 1989.     

国外生物降解聚合物的种类及主要组分

据１９９６～１９９８年国外有关文献的汇集,由美,日,德等国主要研制,生产的生物降解聚合物种类为：１,单一型生物降解聚合物;（１）合成酯（酸）类;（２）淀粉基材料;（３）天然高分子材料;２、复合型生物降解聚合物;（１）不同种类的烃基互聚物;（２）烃酯（酸）／聚酯（３）脂肪族聚酯／芳香族聚酯共聚物;（３）淀粉基复合型,（５）光／生物降解聚合物;３、可生物降解水溶性聚合物。     

Book Reviews

Physico-Chemical Basis of Formation of Non-Woven Materials, V. 6. Tikhomirov, Legkaya lndustriya Publ. Moscow 1969. 328 pp. Rub. 2.29.

ADHESIVES FOR METALS. THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY, Nicholas J. DeLollis. Industrial Press Inc., New York 1970. 230 pp. $15.00.     

九种致癌染料剥色工艺的优化

针对纺织品上可能存在的九种致癌染料(C.I.酸性红26、C.I.分散橙11、C.I.分散黄3、C.I.分散蓝1、C.I.直接蓝6、C.I.直接黑38、C.I.直接红28、C.I.碱性红9、C.I.碱性紫14),本文研究并比较了不同剥色工艺对不同致癌染料剥色效果的影响.并提出选用加入尿素的甲醇作为剥色剂,使用超声功率为100W的超声波在70℃处理30分钟可以获得比较理想的剥色效果.     

The ruthenium(VIII)-catalysed oxidation of Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal: An application of g.c.-FT-i.r. spectroscopy for structural analysis

The oxidation of Illinois No. 6 coal proceeds readily with ruthenium(VIII) to provide a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. The acids were converted into their methyl esters for analysis by g.c.-m.s. and g.c.-FT-i.r. spectroscopy. Mono-, di-, tri- and tetracarboxylic acids are the principal products of the oxidation of this bituminous coal. The g.c.-FT-i.r. approach has enabled the detection of several different lactones that have not been observed previously. The results imply that cyclic ethers are present in low abundance in Illinois coals.     

Analysis of upgraded SRC-11 and H-coal liquid products

Upgraded coal-derived liquids obtained from catalytic hydroprocessing of SRC-11 and H-coal syncrudes have been studied by i.r., p.m.r., g.c.-m.s., and silica gel chromatography. With increase in residence time, nitrogen, oxygen and aromatics decrease, while naphthenes increase substantially. All the upgraded liquids show low viscosity at 298 K (1.3–1.4 mN s m^?2), even though saturate and aromatic fractions varied with processing severity. In the aromatic-1 fraction, 1 -ring aromatics increase, and 3-ring aromatics decrease, with increase in severity of hydroprocessing. G.c.-m.s. analyses indicate a marked qualitative similarity for saturate and aromatic fractions irrespective of syncrude source. Only the heavier end of the aromatic-1 fraction is noticeably different. Tentative identifications based on m.s. and g.c. retention times are made for most of the significant components. 600 M Hz p.m.r. spectra of the upgraded SRC-11 and H-coal liquids appear identical, but the n.m.r. difference technique revealed slight differences between the two liquids in concentrations of certain species.     

Characterization of coals and coal oxidation by magic-angle 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy

Magic-angle ¹³C n.m.r. spectra have been obtained for a series of vitrinite concentrates. Proper modification of the cross-polarization pulse sequence allows separation of protonated and nonprotonated carbon resonances. This technique is used to determine the relative fraction of nonprotonated aromatic carbons for each of the vitrinites, a parameter observed to decrease with increasing rank. Another parameter, related to the aromatic hydrogen content, is also calculated from these data and the results correlate with those from Fourier transform i.r. spectroscopy. The methods used for analysis of the vitrinite concentrates were then applied to the low-temperature oxidation of coal. The fractional aromaticity as determined by n.m.r. increases with longer oxidation times, indicating preferential attack on aliphatic structures. Here the FT-i.r. results are in quantitative agreement with those from n.m.r. Finally, the advantages of using various pulse sequences to extend the range of magic-angle n.m.r. and of combining FT-i.r. and n.m.r. results are discussed in the context of their potential for coal science.     

Mechanical properties of zirconium dioxide single crystals intended for structural applications

Conclusions New structural materials (single crystals obtained from partially stabilized zirconium dioxide) were studied. It was established that their physical and mechanical properties are certainly comparable to those of the other structural materials. We obtained new information regarding the mechanical behavior of the single crystals of zirconium dioxide that would facilitate further development of the technology of these materials and guide the studies on the mechanisms of their resistance to mechanical forces under different loading conditions.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 14–17, 1991.The authors wish to thank V. I. Aleksandrov, M. A. Vishnyakov, Yu. K. Voron'ko, and V. F. Kalabukhov for participating in the research work concerning crystal growth and V. I. Galenko, A. V. Drozdov, A. V. Cheboryukov, and A. I. Fesenko for carrying out mechanical testing.     

NMR- und UV-VIS-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Push-pull-Butadienen

N.M.R. and U.V.-VIS Spectroscopic Investigations on Push-pull Butadienes ¹³C-n.m.r., d-n.m.r. and u.v.-vis spectroscopical data show that the push-pull character of the investigated butadienes is lowered by substitution at the carbon atom in 3-position of the butadiene chain.     

Structural modification of Li[Li0.27Co0.20Mn0.53]O2 by lithium extraction and its electrochemical property as the positive electrode for Li-ion batteries

In our previous report, we have synthesized Li₂MnO₃-LiCoO₂ solid solutions and have investigated electrochemical properties [J.-M. Kim, T. Sho, N. Kumagai, Electrochem. Commun. 9 (2007) 103]. These materials have showed a long charge plateau at above 4.5 V during the first charge, which disappears with the subsequent cycles. This phenomenon is usually observed in Li₂MnO₃ and Li₂MnO₃-LiMeO₂ system (Me = Ni_1/2Mn_1/2 [Z. Lu, D.D. MacNeil, J.R. Dahn, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 4 (2001) 191], Co [K. Numata, C. Sakaki, S. Yamanaka, Solid State Ionics 117 (1999) 257; Y.J. Park, Y.-S. Hong, X. Wu, M.K. Kim, K.S. Ryu, S.H. Chang, J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 (2004) A720], Fe [M. Tabuchi, A. Nakashima, H. Shigemura, K. Ado, H. Kobayashi, H. Sakaebe, H. Kageyama, T. Nakamura, M. Kohzaki, A. Hirano, R. Kanno, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 (2002) A509], or Cr [B. Ammundsen, J. Paulsen, Adv. Mater. 13 (2001) 943]). In this study, we investigate the relationship between the first lithium extraction process and the electrochemical property of the synthesized Li[Li_0.27Co_0.2Mn_0.53]O₂ material. The crystal structure and electrochemical performance of the synthesized Li[Li_0.27Co_0.20Mn_0.53]O₂ are modified by the Li⁺ extraction.     

西党参最佳采收期的研究

通过研究2年生、3年生西党参的不同月份的产量、多糖含量的动态变化来确定西党参的最佳采收期。结果表明,2年生、3年生党参产量之间存在显著差异（p〈0.05）。单因素方差分析表明,多糖含量在相同年限的不同月份之间有极显著差异（p〈0.01）。综合考虑产量、多糖含量,确定西党参的最佳采收期为栽培第3年的9~10月。     

An intervention study—The aspirin myocardial infarction study

The Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial designed to study the potential value of aspirin in the reduction of mortality in patients who have had a prior myocardial infarction. This trial is based upon several previously published studies which suggest that aspirin may be valuable in prevention of coronary thrombosis. The requirement of 4200 patients dictates that the study must be multicenter, and good design requires that the study be collaborative with central monitoring and an elaborate committee structure to insure uniformity and comparability. Principal Investigators: Allan H. Barker, David Bayse, David M. Barekson, William H. Bernstein, Nemat O. Borthani, Elmer E. Cooper, Leonard Dreifus, William T. Friedewald, Mario R. Garcia-Palmieri, Sidney Goldstein, Olga M. Haring, J. Joanne Hoover, Richard C. Hutchinson, Kenneth H. Hyatt, William F. Krol, Peter T. Kuo, Charles Laubach, Ralph Lazzara, Bernard I. Lewis, J. Judson McNamara, Jessie Marmorston, Thaddeus E. Prout, David W. Richardson, Jorge Rios, Donald W. Romhilt, Paul Samuel, Stephen Scheidt, Robert Schlant, Henry K. Schoch, James A. Schoenberger, Marvin Segal, C. Basil Williams, Gary N. Wilner, Pantel S. Vokonas.     

Zum thermischen und photochemischen Reaktionsverhalten der Triplettarylnitrene

Thermal and Photochemical Behaviour of Triplet Arylnitrenes The photolysis of phenyl azide, p-nitrophenyl azide and p-methoxyphenyl azide (77 K) yielding the corresponding nitrenes and further paramagnetic intermediates was investigated using u.v. and e.p.r. spectroscopy. After warming up to room temperature the photolyzed solutions were analyzed by h.p.l.c. The formation of triplet nitrene is proved by the respective e.p.r. signals. Depending on the excitation wavelength at 77 K it is possible to excite the thermally stable triplet nitrenes. The electronically excited triplet nitrenes react with the solvent or with the matrix forming the corresponding primary aniline. The radicals (e.g. formyl) observed at longer irradiation times are the result of the photolysis of the formed aniline.     

Residual stresses in polymers III: The influence of injection-molding process conditions

Following the evaluation of Residual Stresses (R.S.) in quenched specimens (Part I) and the resulting mechanical-physical properties (Part II), the, present study deals with the effect of injection-molding process conditions on R.S. and the respective properties of amorphous polymers. Melt temperature, mold temperature, injection rate, and injection pressure were the parameters studied. Experimental results indicated that the melt temperature caused two maxima in R.S. The second one reverses from compressive to tensile. In general, most changes occur in the surface regions, while R.S. decreases with increasing melt temperature, as is the case in zones far away from the gate. Furthermore, tensile modulus increased, in general, with rising melt temperature. In the case where the effect of mold temperature was studied, it was found that R.S. are compressive in the surface layers and tend to decrease upon increase in mold temperature and distance from the entrance region. Significant changes in R.S. were also detected in the interior layers. As the mold temperature approached Tg, low values of R.S. were measured, as was the case in quenched specimens. Injection rate affects surface R.S. to a large extent. With low flow rates, tensile stresses were developed in the exterior, reversing to compressive stresses at higher speeds. The reversal in sign depends on the location relative to the gate. Once compressive stresses were formed, further increase in rate caused a reduction in R.S. In addition, variations in tensile modulus, as high as 30 percent, were measured at high injection rates. As far as injection and holding pressures are concerned, experimental results showed that a maximum in R.S. was obtained, with increasing pressure, at the surface. Close to the gate entrance, a reverse from compressive to tensile R.S. was detected at high injection pressures. As in the other cases, injection pressure influenced mostly the exterior layers. Only in zones close to the entrance and at high pressures were high levels of R.S. measured in the core regions.     

Regularity and stereoregularity of poly-p-isopropyl-α-methylstyrene

Poly-p-isopropyl-α-methylstyrenes were prepared through anionic and cationic polymerizations at ?78°C. The polymers were analysed by ¹³C n.m.r. spectroscopy at 25, 87.5 and 100.62 MHz. The structure of the polymers was found to be regular. Metallation of a regular polymer can be followed with the help of u.v. spectroscopy but its extent is too small to be detected by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Polymer prepared at 50°C by radical polymerization is also found to be regular. All polymerizations obey Bernouillian statistics. The cationic polymer is predominantly syndiotactic. ¹H n.m.r. spectra at 250 and 360 MHz are re-examined and the results are in good agreement with those obtained with ¹³C n.m.r. spectroscopy.     

中国标准百日咳菌苗效价的标定

中国标准百日咳菌苗#1#2系于1978年用百日咳I相菌CMCC 58004(型1、2、3)、CMCC 58031(型1、2)制备。该两批标准品曾用WHO标准百日咳菌苗#1、日本标准百日咳菌苗#28及英国百日咳菌苗参考制品#2为标准,对其效价进行了标化。1980～1981年又送至日本-N.I.H、美国F.D.A实验室核检,标化的结果经统计学分析,其效价每安瓶分别为16及21国际单位。反馈的信息证明,该标准品的质量及稳定性令人满意。     

Charge-transfer complexes of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-diyano-p-benzoquinone (D.D.Q.) in solution: a conductimetric study

The formation of charge-transfer complexes has been studied by conductimetric measurements, in the systems diphenylamine-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (D.D.Q.), 1,10-phenanthroline—D.D.Q., thiourea—D.D.Q. and N : N-dimethylaniline—D.D.Q. in methyl alcohol. The stoichiometry of the charge transfer complexes formed in solution has been determined from the position of the conductivity maximum obtained during the titration of the donor solution with the acceptor solution. The stoichiometry of the diphenylamine—D.D.Q., 1,10-phenanthroline—D.D.Q., thiourea—D.D.Q. and N : N-dimethylaniline—D.D.Q. complexes are 2:1, 1:1, 2:2 and 3:2 respectively. The molar conductivity coefficients for all systems at temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C have been calculated and are found to increase with the increase in temperature in all the systems studied.     

Pflanzliche Nahrungsproteine und ihre ernährungsphysiologische Bewertung

Food Proteins from Plants and Their Nutritional Evaluation Of the different amino acid combinations those who equilize the nitrogen balance with the lowest amount fit best the requirements of humans. No pure that means neither mixed nor fractionated protein is known that exceeds the Biological Value (B. V.) of the reference protein (whole egg, B. V. 100): potato B. V. 86; soya B. V. 84; rye B. V. 82.6; rice B. V. 82.6; green algae B. V. 81; corn B. V. 75.9; beans B. V. 73.3; wheat B. V. 58.4. A certain mixture of beans and corn with a B. V. of 100.8 is equivalent to the whole egg. Higher values (B. V. 114.8; 123.5; 137.6) result from an addition of egg by corn, soya or potato. The study about the regulated utilization of the nitrogen carriers in food shows that the quantitative and qualitative composition is extremely important. In contrary to this the origin (animal, plant, chemical) and the route of entry (oral, gavage, parenteral) of the amino acids are of no importance, if it is made certain, that they are available in a sufficient usable amount, in a correct proportion, and when needed at the place where they are needed (cell, organ).     

气相色谱法测定聚合物乳液中残余单体

将聚合物乳液样品进行简单的稀释,采用程序升温气相色谱方法,一次进样,只用20分钟即可分离定量MA,MMA、EA、BA、iBA、2-EHA、HPA、AN、VAC及St等。最低检测量达50ppm,个别达5ppm。实践证明,该方法可行,结果可靠。