基于匹配傅里叶变换的匀加速旋转目标成像

机动目标存在非匀速转动甚至是三维转动,其多普勒曲线相对复杂,经典的距离-多普勒(RD)ISAR成像算法性能急剧下降.针对匀加速旋转目标,本文提出了一种基于离散匹配傅里叶变换(DMFT)的成像方法.该方法利用了匀加速旋转目标的回波特点,直接完成横向聚焦,而无需对调频斜率不同的各散射点回波逐个补偿.仿真试验证明了该方法的有效性.     

等变加速旋转目标ISAR成像距离-瞬时多普勒法

对于机动飞行目标的逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像，当目标近似做等变加速旋转时，其散射点回波为多分量多项式相位信号，此时采用匀加速旋转模型进行距离-瞬时多普勒成像误差比较大，会产生大量虚假散射点。文中对目标回波信号采用分段线性调频信号进行近似，得到了不同时刻的高质量的ISAR瞬态像，仿真数据成像结果表明文中方法的可行性。     

适合于大型平稳和机动目标的成像算法

逆合成孔径雷达成像一般采用距离-多普勒(R-D)成像方法[1],在这方法中,距离走动一般不予考虑,实际当目标较大,目标周围散射点通常发生较大的距离走动,我们已经提出一种距离走动校正方法[2]但是这种方法一般要求散射点分布比较稀疏,且多普勒走动不严重,对于机动目标,这方法就失效了,为此,我们提出,根据低分辨回波或高分辨回波,对目标中心或重心对准聚焦后,在目标数据域通过时间的尺度变换,即通过keystone插值的方法(或者方位向DFT-IFFT,或方位向SFT-IFFT),校正距离走动,距离压缩后(IFFT),对平稳飞行目标,只需要方位压缩(方位FFT),就可获得目标像,对机动目标,要分距离单元进行时频分析,可以采用已有的瞬时成像方法,获得距离一瞬时多普勒动态像,仿真数据和实测数据的处理表明这种方法是有效的.     

基于参数化时频分析的进动锥裙目标瞬时微多普勒频率提取方法

微动目标散射点的微多普勒对目标运动、结构参数的估计具有重要意义。该文针对表面光滑的锥裙目标,首先依据进动锥裙目标的等效散射点模型,推导出散射点的理论微多普勒曲线表达式。结合进动调制的锥裙目标微多普勒曲线为多阶正弦级数叠加的先验信息,提出一种基于参数化时频分析的进动锥裙目标微多普勒曲线提取方法。针对多分量信号组成的锥裙目标回波,该方法利用相干信号单距离多普勒干涉(CSRDI)方法估计锥旋频率,进而利用参数化时频分析估计散射点的微多普勒曲线,之后利用带阻滤波器分离估计得到的散射点回波信号。基于电磁仿真数据验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于FRFT的机动目标ISAR成像算法

研究目标机动性不太剧烈、散射点子回波序列多普勒变化满足一阶近似条件下的机动目标ISAR实时成像问题.提出了一种新的基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)的机动目标ISAR距离一瞬时多普勒成像算法,用FRFT代替传统的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)实现目标的方位向分辨,利用目标运动的先验信息缩小算法的搜索范围,提高运算效率.实测数据处理结果表明该算法较好地解决了机动目标成像问题.与已有的机动目标成像算法相比,该算法在保证成像质量的前提下,大大减小了运算量,可用于机动目标实时成像.     

目标三维转动对弹载毫米波SAR成像分析

在弹载毫米波SAR对地面运动目标的成像过程中 ,目标往往存在三维转动 ,即偏航 (yaw)、俯仰 (pitch)和横滚 (roll) ,使得目标回波的多普勒频移是时变的 ,全过程的多普勒频谱不能真实反映散射中心的横向分布。本文在建立了目标角运动模型的基础上 ,详细分析了回波信号的多普勒频移 ,最后通过仿真结果说明了机动目标的三维转动对弹载毫米波SAR成像质量的影响     

一种稳健的雷达成像超分辨算法

在机动目标的ISAR成像情形下,由于目标散射点回波信号的多普勒频率不再保持恒定,此时若用常规的超分辨算法来提高横向距离分辨率,则由于模型误差将使得算法性能下降或失效。该文采用上述情形的多普勒频率的分段一阶近似模型,在此基础上,提出一种基于推广RELAX算法的线性调频信号参量估计方法。文中同时给出了数值模拟结果。     

基于多目标跟踪的空间锥体目标微多普勒频率提取方法

该文在等效散射中心模型下,分析了光滑空间锥体目标进动和章动时回波的微多普勒频率与运动参数的关系。针对目标微多普勒频率的复杂形式,该文提出一种在时频分布(TFD)的基础上,利用多目标跟踪(MTT)技术分离空间锥体目标各等效散射中心微多普勒频率变化曲线的方法。该方法首先应用经典的短时傅里叶变换得到回波的TFD,然后将目标在TFD上的时频曲线看作机动目标的航迹,利用MTT技术跟踪TFD上的时频曲线,从而达到提取目标各等效散射中心微多普勒频率的目的。实验中利用电磁仿真数据验证了提出算法的有效性。     

海面上方低飞小目标多普勒谱研究

针对海面上方低空飞行慢速小目标探测问题,采用Kirchhoff近似(KA)和矩量法(MoM)的混合方法研究了时变海面与其上方运动目标的后向散射回波的多普勒特性。分析了海况参数、入射角、目标运动速度、目标与海面之间的距离以及目标截面形状等对后向散射回波多普勒特性的影响。这项研究对于海面与目标耦合散射机理的分析以及海杂波背景下低飞慢速小目标的检测与识别具有重要意义。     

基于自适应最优核时频分布理论的ISAR成像方法

由于运动的复杂性, 传统的成像方法已无法满足机动目标成像的要求。在分析机动目标复杂运动引起目标回波多普勒相位非线性变化的基础上, 提出了一种基于自适应最优核时频分布(AOK TFR)理论的ISAR成像方法。通过计算回波数据不同距离单元的AOK TFR, 得到不同时刻目标的瞬态ISAR像, 且不受交叉项的影响;通过估计距离单元的瞬时多普勒频率并依此对成像时间段进行选择。仿真数据结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.