高温冻土固化前后结构性变化对融化压缩特性影响

为解决高温冻土未冻水含量高、压缩性强对冻土路基造成的不良影响.以采自青藏高原粉质黏土为研究对象,从高温冻土的结构性出发,在负温环境下配置15%掺量的普通硅酸盐水泥、高性能硫铝酸盐以及普通硅酸盐水泥+高性能硫铝酸盐水泥的固化冻土试样,并通过烘干法、TDR技术、X射线衍射、扫描电镜与融化压缩试验,分析高温冻土固化前后土体总含水量、未冻水含量变化以及固化剂加入高温冻土后土体的物相成分,对比不同固化剂的固化效果,同时利用MATLAB编程开发CURVEEXTRACT图像分析系统对SEM图像进行预处理,将其导入Image-ProPlus6.0（IPP）软件中,对比分析高温冻土固化前后微观结构孔隙分布、形态以及定向性等特征.以土体孔隙定向性分维数与固化后压缩系数为桥梁,建立高温冻土固化后宏、微观之间的关系.结果表明,固化后土体总含水量减小,未冻水含量增多,由于固化剂产物的胶结作用,土颗粒整体呈现团聚状态,固化效果越好大颗粒越多,内部孔隙面积减小且孔隙由狭长状向等轴状转化,土体孔隙更加均匀化,土体孔隙定向性分维数D_f与融化压缩系数a_v之间存在良好的线性关系,固化效果越好,土体孔隙定向性分维数D_f越小,对应的压缩系数a_v越小.     

硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥混合体系的试验研究

研究了不同比例的硅酸盐、硫铝酸盐水泥混合体系的凝结时间、水泥砂浆的强度性能,并对一定混合比例的OPC-SAC水泥进行了XRD、SEM和水化量热测试。结果表明,硅酸盐水泥与硫铝酸盐水泥混合,SAC中的C4A3-S矿物与OPC中的C3S矿物在共同水化过程中有相互促进的作用,会使混合水泥水化和凝结加速;混合水泥的强度性能与两种水泥的混合比例有关。本研究可对硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥混合体系的应用提供借鉴。     

Zn~(2+)对硫铝酸盐和硅酸盐水泥水化性能的影响

研究了Zn2+对硫铝酸盐及普通硅酸盐水泥的水化和物理力学性能的影响,采用XRD和SEM分析2种含Zn2+水泥水化产物相组成、形貌,采用ICP-AES测定水化产物浸出液中Zn2+的浓度。结果表明:Zn2+可促进硫铝酸盐水泥的早期水化,阻碍普通硅酸盐水泥的水化;掺入Zn2+后,两者的强度都降低,但是降幅有所差别;Zn掺量为1%时,2种水泥水化产物中Zn的浸出浓度均低于国家浸出毒性标准,但是硫铝酸水泥对Zn2+的固化率约为普通硅酸盐水泥的4倍。     

矿物掺合料对机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆性能的影响

试验选用普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥与半水石膏的三元胶凝体系,选用机制砂作为细集料,制备全机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆.选用粉煤灰、石粉与硅灰作为矿物掺合料,并研究矿物掺合料对全机制砂制水泥基自流平砂浆流动度、抗压抗折强度与尺寸变化率的影响.研究结果表明:矿物掺合料的火山灰效应对自流平砂浆力学性能的发展产生积极影响,自流平砂...     

装配式建筑套筒灌浆料早期强度与流动性的试验研究

为了提高套筒灌浆料的早期强度和流动性,分别将早强剂掺量、减水剂掺量和硫铝酸盐水泥掺量作为不同变量来进行试验,探究这3个因素对套筒灌浆料早期强度(1 d和3 d抗压强度)和流动性的影响规律。结果表明：适当掺量的早强剂和硫铝酸盐水泥会使早期抗压强度增大,但同时会使流动度减小;在一定范围内,3 d抗压强度和流动度随减水剂掺量的增加而增大,1 d抗压强度随减水剂掺量的增加而减小;当早强剂掺量0.3%、减水剂掺量0.8%、硫铝酸盐水泥代替普通硅酸盐水泥比例为20%时,套筒灌浆料的工作性能和早期抗压强度综合最优。     

高温煅烧石膏硅酸盐水泥早期水化产物的研究

利用DTA、XRD、IR、化学结合水和Ca（OH）2生成量测定等方法,研究了煅烧石膏、二水石膏对硅酸盐水泥早期水化过程的影响。结果表明：在水化龄期相同时,掺煅烧石膏水泥浆体中水化产物同掺二水石膏相比,Ca（OH）2生成量大;在一天前无AFt生成;结合水量在一天前前者高于后者,而一天后则相反。指出了煅烧石膏提高水泥强度的机理在于：由于煅烧石膏的溶解速度较低,在水泥水化初期（1d前）,存在于水泥中的铝酸盐相不能形成AFt,从而减缓了AFt对水泥水化的延缓作用,加速了整个熟料矿物相的水化,提高了水泥的强度。     

高分子固化剂对水泥土强度的影响研究

为研究高分子固化剂对水泥土强度的影响,对不同高分子固化剂掺量和土质条件下的水泥土进行室内无侧限抗压强度试验,从宏观上分析高分子固化剂对水泥土强度的影响规律;结合X射线衍射测试和扫描电镜测试,从微观结构上揭示高分子固化剂作用机理,分析高分子固化剂掺量和土质对水泥土强度的影响。宏观分析结果表明：在粉质黏土中,高分子水泥土的抗压强度高于普通水泥土,在粉土中两者强度相近,且两种土质中高分子固化剂掺量变化对水泥土强度影响较小;高分子水泥土在粉质黏土中的韧性表现优于普通水泥土;高分子水泥土在粉质黏土中的破坏应变大于普通水泥土;高分子水泥土在两种土质中的强度不随高分子固化剂掺量的增加而增加。微观测试结果表明：高分子水泥土在粉土中生成较多低硬度矿物成分;高分子水泥土内存在的高分子固化膜,对土颗粒进行包裹、填充与连接,增强了土颗粒之间的黏结。该结果可为地基处理材料相关研究提供一定的参考。     

烘干温度对泡沫水泥性能的影响

针对泡沫水泥在不同烘干温度下性能差异较大,研究了以普通硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥为主要胶凝材料的泡沫水泥在不同烘干温度下的含水率、抗压强度、拉伸强度和导热系数等性能变化规律,并通过TG-DSC和XRD对干燥过程中的物相变化进行了分析。结果表明:经80℃干燥之后导热系数基本为定值,在0.06 W/(m·K)左右;以硫铝酸盐水泥为主要胶凝材料的泡沫水泥由于干燥过程中钙矾石失去结晶水造成强度下降;以硅酸盐水泥为主要胶凝材料的泡沫水泥在105℃干燥过程中会生成Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)造成强度下降。     

长春地区公路路基土冻胀敏感性因素分析

以吉林省内3条干线公路路基土为研究对象,研究土(粒度成分、矿物成分、盐分,尤其是微观结构、土体密度)、水分、温度及荷载对冻胀的影响.通过室内物理化学试验、冻胀试验、SEM图片测试分析及野外长期观测,获得大量数据.分析表明:路基土具备冻胀的优势条件;亲水性强的黏土矿物含量越高未冻水含量越少,不利于冻胀;土体起始冻胀含水率随压实度增大而减小,压实度相同时,粉质黏土起始冻胀含水率大于黏土;压实度对冻胀影响有一个敏感值,研究区此值为95％;0～-5℃是产生水分迁移的主要温度;研究区路基土具团聚结构,单元体排列不定向.颗粒之间微孔隙发育,为毛细水上升提供有利通道,也为结合水提供赋存空间;以上结果为长春地区道路冻害防治提供理论依据.     

胶凝材料组成对混凝土TSA硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

研究不同水泥品种、矿物掺合料对混凝土抗TSA侵蚀性能的影响规律,采用掺30%石灰石粉填料的胶砂件,测试各砂浆在5±1℃的2%MgSO4溶液中浸泡1年后的外观破损与强度损失情况,通过X-射线衍射仪分析各砂浆的矿物成分.结果表明:不同品种水泥的抗TSA侵蚀能力由高到低依次为:硫铝酸盐水泥 硅酸盐水泥复合>硫铝酸盐水泥>抗硫酸盐水泥>普硅水泥.掺硅灰和矿渣细粉均能明显改善混凝土抗TSA侵蚀性能,且矿渣粉掺量越大效果越明显.由于粉煤灰活性低,掺量较少时可在一定程度上减缓TSA侵蚀过程,但掺量过多时反而产生不利影响.     

不同CO2养护压力下硫铝酸盐和硅酸盐水泥浆体早期微观结构

研究硫铝酸盐和硅酸盐水泥（CSA-OPC）浆体在不同碳养护压力下的早期碳化过程,通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重、压汞和扫描电镜等测试方法,表征碳化前后水泥浆体的物相组成和微观结构.实验结果表明,CSA-OPC浆体的水化产物主要为钙矾石,碳化作用使钙矾石转变为碳酸钙和硫酸钙晶体;水泥中碳酸钙以3种晶型存在,其中方解石为主要存在形式.碳化使半碳型的水化硫铝酸钙（Hc-AFm相）逐渐转化为单碳型的水化硫铝酸钙（Mc-AFm相）,碳化程度和碳化深度随着碳化压力的增加而递增.碳化后CSA-OPC水化产物体积减小,样品总孔隙率增大、孔隙结构变疏松.研究结果阐明了CSA-OPC浆体在早期碳化养护条件下的微结构变化过程,为制备基于硫铝酸盐水泥的高效碳汇材料提供了技术支撑.     

Carbonation of sulphoaluminate cement with layered double hydroxides

The increasing importance of the ecologically minded production of building materials makes it necessary to develop reasonable alternatives to the CO2-intense production of ordinary Portland cement （OPC）. The development of new or modified concrete is an important part of existing strategies to improve performance and minimize life-cycle costs. Therefore, we investigated carbonation resistance properties of sulphoaluminate cement （SAC） concrete incorporating layered double hydroxides （LDHs）. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and IR-spectroscopy were employed to characterize the component and structural changes of LDHs and cement paste before and after carbonation test. Carbonation resistance of concrete was experimentally evaluated. Finally, carbonation of Portland cement and SAC concrete was compared. The experimental results show that carbonation depth decreases remarkably with the addition of LDHs, especially the calcinated LDHs. Carbonation depth of SAC concrete is smaller than that of PC concrete regardless of curing time.     

超细CaCO3增强硫铝酸盐水泥强度的研究

在硫铝酸盐水泥硬化体中,钙矾石主要以柱状、棒状而存在,这对水泥的性能产生了不利影响。探讨了超细CaCO3对硫铝酸盐水泥进行改性的研究。试验结果表明,超细CaCO3掺量为3%时,明显改善了硫铝酸盐水泥的强度,其28 d净浆与砂浆抗压强度分别达到100.6 MPa和94.1 MPa,且水泥的28 d砂浆抗折强度高达12.5 MPa。SEM显示掺超细CaCO3硫铝酸盐水泥硬化体中难以发现大颗粒状的水化硫铝酸钙晶体,结构较致密、均匀。     

甲酸钙对水泥浆体抗压强度、水化及孔结构的影响

研究了甲酸钙对普通硅酸盐水泥浆体和硅酸盐水泥浆体抗压强度的影响,采用XRD、压汞法和灼烧法,测试了甲酸钙对水泥浆体水化产物组成、孔结构及化学结合水的影响。结果表明：甲酸钙能加速水泥的水化,促进Ca（OH）2的生成,提高水泥浆体的水化程度;甲酸钙能明显改善水泥浆体的孔结构,减少孔隙率和细化孔径;甲酸钙对P·O42．5普通硅酸盐水泥浆体早期强度的提升要比对P·152．5硅酸盐水泥的效果好。     

重金属铅对硫铝酸盐水泥水化及其浸出毒性的影响

研究了硫铝酸盐水泥体系下重金属铅对水泥水化进程的影响,以及硫铝酸盐水泥对重金属铅的固化/稳定效果分析.研究表明,重金属铅掺量达到一定阀值（本试验条件下为2.0%）时,才会对硫铝酸盐水泥水化产生明显影响.用硫铝酸盐水泥对重金属铅进行固化效果良好,重金属铅通过物理固封、替代或吸附等形式可固化入水化产物结构中,且2.0%硝酸铅掺量浸出毒性试验结果控制在国家标准要求之内.     

Durability of alite-calcium barium sulphoaluminate cement

The durability of the cement was mainly studied. Under 1.0 MPa of hydraulic pressure for 8 hours, water could penetrate completely through the sample made by portland cement, but could not penetrate through that by alite-barium sulphoaluminate cement. Under the condition of freezing and thawing cycle, the loss ratio of compressive strength of the cement was only about 17.3% at curing 28 d ages, but the loss of portland cement was as high as 29.5%. Alite-calcium barium sulphoaluminate cement also has an excellent resistance to sulfate attack. The coefficients of resistance to sulfate attack of the cement exceeded 1.0. Meanwhile, the composition and microstructure of the hardened paste of alite-calcium barium sulphoaluminate cement were analyzed by XRD and SEM.     

Properties and Acceleration Mechanism of Cement Mortar Added with Low Alkaline Liquid State Setting Accelerator

Low alkaline liquid state setting accelerator(LSA) for Portland cement was prepared in laboratory from aqueous solution of several inorganic sulfate salts and some organic chemical substances. Properties of cement with addition of LSA relating to its setting time and strength development as well as its resistance to sulfate attack for short and long term exposure were experimentally examined. The experimental results showed that 5%-7% addition of LSA significantly accelerated the initial and final setting of Portland cement in the presence or absence of the blending of mineral admixtures, the initial and final setting time being less than 3 min and 6 min respectively. Meanwhile, the early 1 day curing age compressive strength increased remarkably by 20%, while the late 28 th day curing age compressive strength remained almost unchanged as compared with that of the reference accelerator free cement mortar specimen. Furthermore, mortar specimens of cement added with LSA and exposed to 5% Na2SO4 solution showed their excellent resistance to sulfate attack, with their short and long term curing age resistance coefficient to sulfate attack being around 1.04 to 1.17, all larger than 1.0. XRD analysis on hardened cement paste specimens at very early curing ages of several minutes disclosed the existence of more ettringite in specimens added with LSA than that of the reference specimens, meanwhile SEM observation also revealed the existence of well crystallized ettringite at very early hydration stage, suggesting that the accelerated setting of Portland cement can be attributed to the early and rapid formation of ettringite over the whole cement paste matrix due to the introduction of LSA. MIP measurement revealed that hardened cement paste specimens with the addition of LSA presented less medium diameter pores, more proportion of small pores and less proportion of large capillary pores, which is in a very good coincidence with the improvement of strength development of cement mortars added with LSA.     

Experimental on C50 Ultra-high-early Strength Concrete

In this paper,C50 ultra-high-early-strength concrete was prepared with rapid-harden sulphoaluminate cement,alkali carbonate early strength agent,inorganic tribasic acid retarder and polycarboxylate water reducing agent. The properties testing results of C50 ultra-high-early-strength concrete indicated that the compressive strength at 12 h exceeded 37 MPa and at 3 d exceeded 59 MPa. Compared to the C50 ordinary reference concrete,the durability of C50 ultra-high-early strength concrete was investigated. The results indicated that C50 ultra-high-early-strength concrete had the same chloride ion permeability resistance,carbonization resistance and abrasion resistance to the C50 ordinary concrete. As to the sulfate resistance,the ultra-high-early-strength concrete was much better than the ordinary concrete.     

Effects of Curing Temperature on Rheological Behaviour and Compressive Strength of Cement Containing GGBFS

The viscoplasticity and compressive strength of cement with high erosion performance were studied. The influences of curing temperature and content of ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) on these performances of the medium heat cement(including high iron and low calcium phase) were also investigated. The results indicate that the medium heat cement with high iron phase can maintain better fluidity and low temperature sensitivity than that of ordinary Portland cement at high temperature. GGBFS can play an important role in improving the fluidity and stability of the slurry, and avoid the cement setting and hardening prematurely at high temperatures. The microstructure analysis shows that a large amount of CH with layer shape appear in the slurry. The amount of this gel layer in the slurry increased as the curing temperature elevated. The layer can make the cement stone structure more denser, so that the compressive strength of samples are enhanced in the later stage. When the medium heat cement contains 40% GGBFS, the system has the best flow performance and stability under high temperature environment, and can be applied to mass concrete with excessive internal temperature.