Modification to the JPC79 Colour–difference Formula

The JPC79 colour–difference formula has represented a substantial improvement over earlier formulae and is being applied successfully in industrial shade passing. Modifications are described which overcome certain problems and, to some extent, simplify the formula. With available experimental data, the modified version performed even better than the original formula. Perceptibility data are fitted better by increasing the JPC79 lightness weighting by a factor of two. The new formula, designated CMC (: c), has the best overall performance of any formula so far published.     

Wool – A Colour–difference Analysis of Fastness–test Data

The possibility of replacing visual assessments of the colour change of dyed wool fabrics subjected to a standard washing test with instrumentally measured colour differences is examined. Washing tests on a wide range of dyeings on Superwash wool were carried out, and the colour difference AE between the washed and unwashed patterns was calculated in AN40 units. The results were compared with routine visual assessments of three observers. Good agreement on ‘pass-fail’ decisions was found between the instrumental and the visual techniques. The ‘pass-fail’ limit of 3–4 on the ISO Grey Scale for Assessing Change in Colour in the Superwash test corresponded to 2. 2 AN40 units over the colour range investigated.     

Industrial Tolerances,Performances of a Colour–difference Formula

Since 1976 J & P Coats (UK) Limited have employed an instrumental match prediction and pass/fail system in the Dyehouse in Paisley. The system was developed by the Research Laboratory ofJ&P Coats Limited and, since 1976, a number of modifications to the pass/fail formula has been made on the basis of bulk experience. These modifications culminated in the J & P Coats 1979 Colour–difference Formula. Since the introduction of the JPC 79 formula many thousands of pass/fail decisions have been made and the agreement between visual observer and instrumental decision has been good.     

Colour–Difference Measurement – A Reliable Basis for Quality Control

AN LAB space, one of the most uniform, was not suitable for single number shade passing but, because it and its successor CIE LAB readily allow colour differences to be split into three components, it has permitted two methods of instrumental shade passing to be developed, which have been widely used in dyehouses and quality control laboratories, viz. colour–specific shade passing and the development of optimized equations. Three different methods of splitting are described in detail.     

由制革下脚料制皮肥生产工艺及用途的开发

阐述了由制革固体废料制取皮肥的生产工艺及皮肥在农业上的应用。     

蓬勃发展的中国人工皮革——合成革工业

介绍了我国人造革、合成革行业发展现状和特点。随着国内消费结构发生变化,我国人造革、合成革产品产量、质量、品种都呈上升趋势,发展迅速,市场日益拓宽。其产量以高于GDP两倍的速度增长,出口量也大幅增长,进口量则负增长。特别是温州"中国合成革之都"的崛起、广州狮岭(国际)皮革皮具城———人工皮革商贸洽谈国际之窗的兴办、烟台万华合成革集团有限公司的壮大以及其他大集团公司的兴起标志着我国合成革的发展进入了一个新阶段,必将对周边国家和地区的经济发展带来积极的影响。     

Current Status and Development Trend of China's Artificial Leather & Synthetic Leather Industry

<正> In recent years, the center of the global artificial leather synthetic leather industry has gradually shifted to China, promoting the rapid development of Chinese artificial leather synthetic leather industry. With the enhancement of consumers' awareness of environmental protection and the growth of their demand, the artificial leather synthetic leather industry is developing towards environmentally friendliness and functional diversification.     

新世纪的皮革化工

介绍了皮革化工发展状况 ,提出了将绿色化工技术应用到皮革工业中 ,是 2 1世纪皮革化工的发展方向。     

Monoazo disperse dyes. Part 2; Colour–constitution relationships of some novel blue disperse dyes†

Bright blue monoazo disperse dyes have been prepared by coupling diazonium salts derived from 2‐amino‐5‐nitrothiazoles on to 3‐acylamino‐N,N‐dialkylaniline based coupling components. Colour–constitution relationships of the dyes in solution and on polyester have been examined in terms of the electronic and steric substituent effects. Also the solution spectral and colorimetric data have been compared.     

皮革工业废水的治理技术

介绍了皮革工业废水中所含污染物质铬、硫化物、悬浮物和有机化合物、无机盐等的各种去除方法。     

制革行业清洁生产技术进展

介绍了清洁生产和制革行业的发展现状。由于制革行业的污染主要集中在准备工段和鞣制工段,从两个工段的各个生产工序出发,详细介绍了当前制革行业的清洁生产技术。     

Possibilities of Instrumentation and Control in the Leather Industry

Leather is produced by tumbling skins in solutions of processing chemicals in rotating drums. In general, the problems of instrumentation are common to the tanning and dyeing of leather. No completely reliable system of sampling has yet been devised; attempts to solve this problem are discussed. Solution of the problem must precede fully automatic control. Modifications to drum design offer possibilities for improving the regularity of make-up floats and rinsing procedures and enable liquor temperatures to be adjusted during processing. Monitoring and control of temperature and pH are expected to lead to a more uniform product. Exploratory work has indicated previously unsuspected causes of uneven dyeing that will not be eliminated solely by process instrumentation. More regular use of automatic batching equipment and sequence controllers is expected in the immediate future     

皮革专用染料-皮革黄棕的合成

本文论述了利用重氮—偶合法合成皮革黄棕染料的实验方法,讨论了时间、温度、pH值等因素对产品的影响,从而确定了合理的合成工艺。     

Comparison of Formulae for the Determination of Fluorescent and Non–fluorescent Whiteness

The prediction capabilities of simple whiteness formulae based on photometer reflectance readings (A, G, B) as compared to linear formulae with adjustable parameters based on chromaticity values (x, y, Y) have been investigated. For each formula, the instrumentally determined whiteness was compared with visually estimated whiteness using the plates of the Ciba–Geigy Plastic White (CGPW) Scale as a standard. This was carried out for a set of 48 fluorescent cotton cloth samples previously studied, as well as for a new set of 86 non–fluorescent cotton cloth samples. As expected, the AGB formulae were inferior to those based on chromaticity values; however, the Taube formula performed quite well for fluorescent samples. On the set of non–fluorescent samples, a formula having green hue preference was required; the Berger formula was found to be the most successful among the simple AGB formulae.     

硫酸和亚硫酸盐在制革工业中的应用--硫酸化油和亚硫酸化油

1 概况 硫酸是主要的化工原料,用途广泛。采用一转一吸工艺的硫酸生产厂为达到尾气排放标准的要求,并提高企业经济效益,都设尾气回收系统,副产亚硫酸氢铵、亚硫酸铵或亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠,供小造纸及其他行业用。近年来,随着环境保护要求日趋严格,一批污染严重的小造纸厂等相继关闭,亚硫酸盐产品销路受阻,急需寻找新的出路。本文就     

丽水经济开发区合成革行业臭气治理的实践与探索

作为新型聚合材料,合成革在具备应用广泛、成本低廉和产业盈利高等特性的同时,也由于其存在相当程度的污染性,因此,如何处理好该行业的环境污染问题已成为一项重要的课题。文章重点介绍了丽水合成革行业废气的治理成果,以及对使用吹脱法去除二甲胺废气进行试验研究。     

壳聚糖促进皮革工业可持续发展

壳聚糖具有独特的结构性能优势,可推动皮革工业的持续发展;该文详细分析了壳聚糖在皮革的浸水、鞣制或复鞣、加脂、染色、涂饰、废水处理中的应用以及在甲醛处理、六价铬的预防和缓释合成中的应用前景。     

国内外皮革助剂的现状及应用开发方向

主要阐述了国内外制革过程中所用的表面活性剂、光亮剂、手感剂等皮革助剂的发展情况。     

磷酸化反应及其在皮革中的应用

综述了在皮革加脂剂中使用的磷酸化试剂种类三氯氧磷、三氯化磷、磷酸、焦磷酸、五氧化二磷、多聚磷酸(缩合磷酸)、五氧化二磷/磷酸及各自的优缺点;叙述了常见的磷酸化方法有多聚磷酸法、共沸脱水法、五氧化二磷/磷酸法、五氧化二磷的粉状加入和溶剂加入法;简述了磷酸酯的组成分析方法及其注意的问题;介绍了合成磷酸酯在皮革加脂中的研究现状,并指出为了更好的提高磷酸酯加脂剂的加脂性能,要从皮革工业对于加脂剂的多功能、绿色化的要求来对磷酸醇的分子进行设计。     

皮革防霉剂的研究进展和应用

介绍了皮革防霉剂的作用机制和种类;对国内近年来关于皮革防霉剂的研究进行了概述,重点介绍了季铵盐类杀菌剂、异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂和苯并噻唑类杀菌剂的研究进展;另外利用复配型防霉剂复合增效,也可以使产品既有防腐又有防霉作用。本文还总结了使用防霉剂过程中影响防霉效果的主要因素,并对皮革防霉剂的研究方向提出了几点建议。