Toward a Service-Oriented Development Through a Case Study

The rapidly emerging technology of Web services paves a new cost-effective way of engineering software to quickly develop and deploy Web applications by dynamically integrating other independently developed Web-service components to conduct new business transactions. This paper reports our efforts on designing and developing a Web service of pass-through authentication (PTA) for 12 online electronic-payment Web applications. In accordance with how a PTA service is developed and integrated with a corresponding back-end e-payment system, our strategies can be categorized in three stages: end-to-end integration stage, Web-services-enabled stage, and Web-services-oriented stage. Derived from real-world industrial experience, this three-stage pathway can be applied to a broad range of Web-application development projects to guide smooth transformation from a specific application-oriented design and development model toward a reusable Web-services-oriented model. Furthermore, this paper contributes to an engineering process that leads to practical Web-services-oriented software development. New research issues revealed by this project are also reported.     

软件项目管理消错模型的研究

把管理科学与工程中的前沿理论“消错学”应用于软件项目管理,通过建立软件项目管理的消错模型,并用消除错误的“十五、六、三”法来分析软件项目管理中错误的发生原因和机制以及提出消除错误的方法.并结合实例说明该模型的具体应用过程,为研究和发现软件项目管理中出现错误的规律提供一种理论模型和方法,也为软件项目管理实践提供参考.     

Predicting weekly defect inflow in large software projects based on project planning and test status

Defects discovered during the testing phase in software projects need to be removed before the software is shipped to the customers. The removal of defects can constitute a significant amount of effort in a project and project managers are faced with a decision whether to continue development or shift some resources to cope with defect removal. The goal of this research is to improve the practice of project management by providing a method for predicting the number of defects reported into the defect database in the project. In this paper we present a method for predicting the number of defects reported into the defect database in a large software project on a weekly basis. The method is based on using project progress data, in particular the information about the test progress, to predict defect inflow in the next three coming weeks. The results show that the prediction accuracy of our models is up to 72% (mean magnitude of relative error for predictions of 1 week in advance is 28%) when used in ongoing large software projects. The method is intended to support project managers in more accurate adjusting resources in the project, since they are notified in advance about the potentially large effort needed to correct defects.     

How to steer an embedded software project: tactics for selecting the software process model

Modern large new product developments (NPD) are typically characterized by many uncertainties and frequent changes. Often the embedded software development projects working on such products face many problems compared to traditional, placid project environments. One of the major project management decisions is then the selection of the project's software process model. An appropriate process model helps coping with the challenges, and prevents many potential project problems. On the other hand, an unsuitable process choice causes additional problems. This paper investigates the software process model selection in the context of large market-driven embedded software product development for new telecommunications equipment. Based on a quasi-formal comparison of publicly known software process models including modern agile methodologies, we propose a process model selection frame, which the project manager can use as a systematic guide for (re)choosing the project's process model. A novel feature of this comparative selection model is that we make the comparison against typical software project problem issues. Some real-life project case examples are examined against this model. The selection matrix expresses how different process models answer to different questions, and indeed there is not a single process model that would answer all the questions. On the contrary, some of the seeds to the project problems are in the process models themselves. However, being conscious of these problems and pitfalls when steering a project enables the project manager to master the situation.     

基于BP神经网络的软件项目风险评估研究*

为了确定软件开发项目中不确定因素的影响,提出基于BP神经网络的软件项目风险评估模型。首先,构建了软件项目风险识别的TEMP（technology、environment、management、process）模型;其次,在TEMP识别模型基础上建立了包括17种风险指标在内的软件项目风险评估指标体系;再次,利用BP神经网络建立了风险评估模型;最后,通过MATLAB实例证明该风险评估模型的有效性和可行性。     

基于LVQ的软件项目风险评估模型的研究

以16种风险为基础,建立了一个新的软件项目风险评估模型,把以往每个软件项目的16种风险看做一个16×1维列矢量,并做为LVQ神经网络的训练矢量,对其进行聚类分析,最终把项目风险水平分为:风险水平很低、风险水平中等、风险水平很高等三个类别,并对项目风险水平做出预测。     

A comprehensive taxonomy of algorithm animation languages

In this paper, we present a taxonomy of algorithm animation languages that augments Price's well-known taxonomy of software visualization. Whereas Price's taxonomy is directed to classifying features and characteristics of visualization systems, the new taxonomy focuses on evaluating current animation languages. The taxonomy can be used by algorithm visualization system designers as a tool to compare visualization system languages with each other as well as for designing and implementing new systems and language features. In addition, the taxonomy provides guidelines to the features that are needed for transferring animations between systems. This is an ongoing project that elaborates upon the work reported on in a briefer version of the taxonomy.     

基于SVM的软件需求分析风险评估模型

需求分析风险是软件项目风险管理的重要内容。该文以13种风险为基础,建立了一个新的软件项目需求分析风险评估模型,把以往每个软件项目的13种需求分析风险看作一个1×13维行向量,作为SVM的训练向量,把其分成风险低、风险中等、风险高3个类别,并对项目需求分析风险水平进行了预测。     

基于PSP/TSP的软件过程改进框架

提出在现有的辅助软件过程改进的支撑工具中加入个人级和团队级的软件过程管理及改进的方法,即提出基于PSP/TSP的软件过程改进框架,以期在软件组织中进一步完善软件过程改进作用。在个体过程方面,实现了个体过程计划制定、过程度量数据采集、过程数据分析和估算等功能;同时在团队过程方面,实现了量化的项目进度控制和质量控制。     

软件项目的可拓分析

将物元的可拓性应用于管理软件项目,根据物元模型理论,分析客户的要求和软件开发方综合实力,建立软件项目的总目标物元和条件物元,利用物元的可拓性,从多角度分析,得到各软件模块的分目标物元和各项目小组的期望条件物元.继而使各模块的目标及其实现途径条理化,化不相容问题为相容,使软件项目管理形式化,帮助管理者理清思路,制定合理的项目软件开发计划.该方法为解决软件企业普遍存在的项目目标过高而自身开发能力不足的矛盾提供了一种新思路.     

网络图自动生成系统设计与实现

文章针对当前项目管理软件中网络图绘制的缺陷,对网络图自动生成的算法作了新的探索,提出了新的算法并开发了自动生成系统。生成的网络图逻辑关系清楚,布局合理,直观清晰,对改进项目管理软件在此方面的不足有重要意义。该算法亦有一些遗留问题需进一步研究。     

A micro/macro measure of software complexity

A software complexity metric is a quantitative measure of the difficulty of comprehending and working with a specific piece of software. The majority of metrics currently in use focus on a program's “microcomplexity.” This refers to how difficult the details of the software are to deal with. This paper proposes a method of measuring the “macrocomplexity,” i.e., how difficult the overall structure of the software is to deal with, as well as the microcomplexity. We evaluate this metric using data obtained during the development of a compiler/environment project, involving over 30,000 lines of C code. The new metric's performance is compared to the performance of several other popular metrics, with mixed results. We then discuss how these metrics, or any other metrics, may be used to help increase the project management efficiency.     

基于CDIO理念的软件技术专业工学结合模式探索

针对高职软件技术专业工学结合模式的现状和存在的问题,结合软件技术专业自身特点,提出一种基于CDIO工程教育理念的工学结合模式,该模式以真实项目研发为主线,以培养学生项目实战能力为核心目标,充分发挥学生的主动性和创造性。通过参与实际项目研发,学生获得了宝贵的项目实战经验,了解了软件开发的整个流程,极大地提高了自身的职业能力和职业素养。该模式的成功应用对计算机相关专业工学结合新模式的探索具有很好的借鉴意义。     

Scilab/Scicos在硬件/软件联合设计中的应用

从介绍电子设计自动化中的软硬件联合设计入手，阐述了联合设计的必要性和重要意义，并提出了法国INRIA开发的科学教育处软件Scilab/Scicos扩充为软硬件联合设计工具的构想。随后，详细论述了将Sclilab/Scicos应用于描述电子电路设计时所遇到的问题及解决的方法。对于所需模块的扩充以及编译器的构造也给出了说明。     

Surface radiance correction for shape from shading

It is well known that many surfaces exhibit reflectance that is not well modelled by Lambert's law. This is the case not only for surfaces that are rough or shiny, but also those that are matte and composed of materials that are particle suspensions. As a result, standard Lambertian shape from shading methods cannot be applied directly to the analysis of rough and shiny surfaces. In order to overcome this difficulty, in this paper, we consider how to reconstruct the Lambertian component for rough and shiny surfaces when the object is illuminated in the viewing direction (retroreflection). To do this we make use of the diffuse reflectance models described by Oren and Nayar, and by Wolff. Our experiments with synthetic and real-world data reveal the effectiveness of the correction method, leading to improved surface normal and height recovery.     

Software reverse engineering: A case study

This paper presents lessons learned from an experiment to reverse engineer a program. A reverse engineering process was used as part of a project to develop an Ada implementation of a Fortran program and upgrade the existing documentation. To accomplish this, design information was extracted from the Fortran source code and entered into a software development environment. The extracted design information was used to implement a new version of the program written in Ada. This experiment revealed issues about recovering design information, such as, separating design details from implementation details, dealing with incomplete or erroneous information, traceability of information between implementation and recovered design, and re-engineering. The reverse engineering process used to recover the design, and the experience gained during the study are reported.     

网络终端信息交换安全机制研究与实现

本文介绍了安全隔离和信息交换技术，分别讨论了网络控制、数据加密及数据交换三个关键技术的实现原理，提出了一种新的网络终端信息数据交换安全机制，详细论述了该安全机制的设计方案。该信息数据安全交换机制采用软硬件结合的方法．实现了信息数据的快速交换，保障了网络终端信息数据的安全。     

Neuro-genetic prediction of software development effort

Prediction of resource requirements of a software project is crucial for the timely delivery of quality-assured software within a reasonable timeframe. Many conventional (model-based) and AI-oriented (model-free) resource estimators have been proposed in the recent past. This paper presents a novel genetically trained neural network (NN) predictor trained on historical data. We demonstrate substantial improvement in prediction accuracy by the neuro-genetic approach as compared to both a regression-tree-based conventional approach, as well as backpropagation-trained NN approach reported recently. The superiority of this new predictor is established using n-fold cross validation and Student's t-test on various partitions of merged Cocomo and Kemerer data sets incorporating data from 78 real-life software projects.     

WebSphere Portal 6.1: an agile development success story

Agile software development techniques are promising to deliver software faster, in better quality, and at a lower cost. Most examples relate to small, co-located teams working on a completely new project, with no legacy. This article focuses on applying Agile methods to a world-wide project with hundreds of developers delivering a market-leading product.In contrast to projects starting from scratch, existing customers have natural demands for support, bug fixes, and new features that focus on their particular needs.This article provides an overview of the most important Agile software development methods in addition to presenting ideas and solutions on how to apply Agile ideas to a large, existing product or solution. Important aspects that should be considered while deciding on what the Agile setup for your next software project should look like are explained.