边坡锚固工程分析中的水平条分法

对目前中国规范推荐用于边坡加固计算的垂直条分传递系数法进行研究,发现将该方法用于边坡锚固受力分析时,不仅存在垂直条块与加固结构体（锚杆和锚索）相互交叉,而且计算得出的锚固力与加固体的实际锚固力存在偏差等缺陷。在相关资料提出的、用于加筋土稳定性分析的水平条分法基础上,结合边坡锚固工程的特点,将该水平条分法做进一步拓展,使其能适用于锚杆和锚索等边坡锚固工程的稳定性计算,并通过工程实例对拓展后的水平条分法进行了验证。     

土质边坡稳定分析的积分法及程序设计

条分法用于边坡稳定分析时,计算结果的精度依赖于所划分的土条数量和土条宽度.在条分法的基础上提出了土质边坡稳定分析的新方法-积分法,利用横向和垂向相结合的危险圆心二维搜索算法,即HV搜索法,推导出边坡稳定安全系数与滑弧半径、土性参数及滑动起始点位置之间的解析表达式.通过算例表明此方法的计算结果是正确合理的,可用于土质边坡稳定分析.     

基于MultiPatch的地下三维物体在ArcGIS上的实现

传统的二维GIS无法满足地质研究中对复杂地下三维物体的有效描述,构建三维实体的模型是目前国内外研究的一个热点.结合实际开发工作,给出了基于ArcGIS的三维模块及GIS技术在水利水电工程应用中的三维物体仿真的实现方法,同时将三维仿真和GIS的实际应用紧密地结合起来.     

边坡稳定分析的三维剩余推力法

基于剩余推力法提出了一种边坡稳定分析的三维方法.该法可用于计算具有任意形状滑动面的边坡在复杂荷载作用下三维稳定安全系数.首先将边坡用铅直面离散为柱条,然后采用剩余推力法的原理,基于摩尔库仑准则,根据条柱的静力平衡条件,并考虑条柱间作用力的影响,推导出边坡稳定系数.算例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

环向加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤稳定性分析

环向加筋碎石桩复合地基在加固软基工程中得到了广泛应用,在加固路基工程中,路堤边坡稳定性计算对工程设计具有重要意义。文中通过对采用环向加筋碎石桩加固路堤时边坡失稳破坏模式进行三维有限元分析,揭示了路堤失稳时环向加筋碎石桩的破坏模式和路堤失稳模式,研究了地基土强度对路堤边坡的安全系数的影响。在此基础之上,对比分析了采用瑞典条分法、毕肖普条分法和规范圆弧条分法计算环向加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤边坡稳定性的适用性。研究表明:文中建立的数值模型能够较好地反映环向加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤稳定性;路堤失稳时环向加筋约束碎石桩发生受弯破坏;由于没有考虑环向加筋碎石桩的约束作用,瑞典条分法、毕肖普条分法和规范圆弧条分法的计算结果均较为保守,但毕肖普法计算结果最为接近数值计算结果。     

基于GIS的三维虚拟校园设计与实现

三维GIS技术近来迅猛发展,受到了广泛关注.较二维GIS而言,三维GIS能更真实地表达客观世界,且对空间对象进行三维显示、分析和操作也是三维GIS特有的功能.以南京信息工程大学为例,介绍了利用三维GIS技术进行虚拟校园建设的过程,阐述了基于GoogleSketchUp和ArcGIS的三维可视化设计方法进行三维场景建模与优化、虚拟校园系统功能设计以及三维场景的浏览功能、建筑物属性的查询功能、路径分析和动画输出等功能的实现技术.最后指出了系统存在的问题,并提出了下一步的研究方向.     

考虑边坡渐进破坏特性的新型条分法及其应用

为了分析边坡的渐进破坏过程,以剩余推力法为例,应用剪应力—应变本构模型对传统条分法进行改进。分析了新型条分法的基本原理,提出基于临界状态的滑坡稳定性评价系数。根据稳定系数的变化可以判断滑坡不同阶段的滑体稳定情况。应用新型条分法对西北地区的一个滑坡进行稳定分析,并将分析结果与监测位移对比,证明了新条分法的可行性。     

考虑开挖作用应力的水泥土墙稳定性分析

探讨了有限元应力边坡稳定性计算方法在水泥土挡墙稳定性分析中的应用,并与简单圆弧滑动条分法及毕肖普法计算结果进行了对比,结果表明,有限元应力边坡稳定性计算方法理论依据更合理。     

基于Arc Objects和Vega的综合仿真研究

基于三维虚拟仿真平台和二维GIS平台研究开发了交互综合仿真系统.通过研究二维Arc Objects和三维Vega系统平台,分析了集成开发综合仿真系统架构,探讨了二维GIS和三维仿真系统数据一致性和交互性问题,实现了基于两个平台的交互综合仿真系统解决方案;在三维虚拟现实仿真平台中,提出了三维对象细节层次调用机制和场景分割调度机制的解决方案,从而解决大规模模型数据的实时渲染时存在的计算机内存资源有限和速度问题.研究结果已成功应用于实际视景仿真系统之中,并取得较好的效果.     

土质边坡空间临界滑动面搜索的优化算法

将二维均质土坡作为平面应变问题,假定滑动面是一个圆弧,将滑弧圆心与半径转变为后缘剪入点、坡脚剪出点和过后缘点滑弧切线与x轴的交点等3个点的横坐标,然后以这3个参数为变量,给定合理的取值区间,应用黄金分割法搜索二维边坡的最小稳定系数及相应的临界滑动面。进一步假定均质土坡的三维空间滑动面为一旋转椭球体,旋转椭球体的竖向中轴面和二维的圆弧面一致,给定椭球体不同的水平轴半径值,采用以上二维滑动面搜索方法可求出不同水平半径所对应的三维最小稳定系数及相应的椭球面。结果表明:边坡的三维稳定系数没有极小值,但有极限值;对于横向延伸长的无限边坡,三维稳定系数逼近二维稳定系数,当旋转椭球长轴与短轴之比大于3时,二者很接近,边坡稳定性可简化为二维来分析;对于受地形、地下水等条件约束的短边坡,三维效应明显,在考虑实际边界条件的情况下按三维来分析。     

基于等分圆弧滑面土质边坡 的稳定性极限分析方法

基于等分圆弧滑面的简化条件,采用土塑性极限分析理论,建立了土质边坡极限分析模型,并推导得到了 土质边坡稳定系数计算公式。该方法考虑了圆弧滑面的内能耗散率作用和边坡土体自重荷载、地震惯性力及孔 隙水压力所做的外功率作用,可以解决土质边坡稳定性分析问题,是一种改进的土质边坡稳定性评价极限分析 方法。     

Effect of rock mass structure and block size on the slope stability--Physical modeling and discrete element simulation

This paper studies the stability of jointed rock slopes by using our improved three-dimensional discrete element methods (DEM) and physical modeling. Results show that the DEM can simulate all failure modes of rock slopes with different joint configurations. The stress in each rock block is not homogeneous and blocks rotate in failure development. Failure modes depend on the configuration of joints. Toppling failure is observed for the slope with straight joints and sliding failure is observed for the slope with staged joints. The DEM results are also compared with those of limit equilibrium method (LEM). Without considering the joints in rock masses, the LEM predicts much higher factor of safety than physical modeling and DEM. The failure mode and factor of safety predicted by the DEM are in good agreement with laboratory tests for any jointed rock slope.     

Effect of rock mass structure and block size on the slope stability——Physical modeling and discrete element simulation

Rock slope has many geological structures with different sizes, configurations and mechanical properties such as joints, fissures, faults, shear bands and so on[1]. These geological structures may make the slope unstable, producing toppling, fracturing or sliding failures. A lot of investigations have focused on the stability of jointed rock slope, however, the mechanisms on the progressive failure of jointed rock slope is still an open issue in either physical modeling or numerical simulation…     

土石混合体边坡稳定性的三维颗粒离散元分析

为探究土石混合体边坡的稳定性和破坏机理,基于土工离心模型试验基本原理,结合已开发的不规则块石和土石混合体三维离散元建模方法建立土石混合体边坡细观结构的三维离散元模型.引入颗粒流强度折减法并提出基于能量演化的方法来判别边坡失稳破坏.利用提出的土石混合体边坡三维离散元建模方法和稳定性分析方法,分析不同块石含量、块石形状、空间结构、空间形态等因素对土石混合体边坡稳定性和破坏模式的影响,并揭示这些因素影响的细观机理.结果表明:随含石量增加,土石混合体边坡的安全系数逐渐增大;土石混合体边坡中呈现出多滑动面现象,且滑面较为曲折,具有明显的绕石特征,坡脚部位的部分大块石使得剪出口的位置发生明显的改变;随块石形状由球体、卵石到碎石,土石混合体边坡的安全系数逐渐增大;上覆堆积体相对较厚且坡度不是很大的二元结构边坡或一元结构边坡的破坏模式主要是堆积体内部发生的弧形滑动破坏,上覆堆积体厚度不大且基岩面相对平整的二元结构边坡的破坏模式主要是沿基-覆界面的整体平移滑动破坏;随土石混合体边坡空间形态由条带型、敞口型到锁口型,其安全系数逐渐提高,其中锁口型边坡具有显著的支撑拱效应,且含石量越大这种效应越明显.     

基于余力矩的边坡临界滑动场方法及应用

基于常规极限平衡条分法的瑞典法、Bishop法以及不平衡推力传递法的条间力假定,将圆弧滑动面整体的滑动力矩与抗滑力矩之差定义为余力矩,在给定的安全系数下,利用简单有效的和声搜索算法寻求余力矩最大的滑动面作为给定安全系数下的危险滑动面,变化安全系数直至找到的危险滑动面的余力矩为零,该危险滑动面即为边坡的临界滑动面;鉴于取矩中心对计算结果的影响,对于非圆弧滑动面,采用滑面滑出端的余力替代余力矩作为控制指标,采用与圆弧滑动面下类似的寻找步骤即可得到非圆弧滑动面下的临界滑动面.通过两个典型土坡的算例分析证明了本文方法的可行性.     

Limit equilibrium method for slope stability based on assumed stress on slip surface

In the limit equilibrium framework, two- and three-dimensional slope stabilities can be solved according to the overall force and moment equilibrium conditions of a sliding body. In this work, based on Mohr-Coulomb(M-C) strength criterion and the initial normal stress without considering the inter-slice(or inter-column) forces, the normal and shear stresses on the slip surface are assumed using some dimensionless variables, and these variables have the same numbers with the force and moment equilibrium equations of a sliding body to establish easily the linear equation groups for solving them. After these variables are determined, the normal stresses, shear stresses, and slope safety factor are also obtained using the stresses assumptions and M-C strength criterion. In the case of a three-dimensional slope stability analysis, three calculation methods, namely, a non-strict method, quasi-strict method, and strict method, can be obtained by satisfying different force and moment equilibrium conditions. Results of the comparison in the classic two- and three-dimensional slope examples show that the slope safety factors calculated using the current method and the other limit equilibrium methods are approximately equal to each other, indicating the feasibility of the current method; further, the following conclusions are obtained: 1) The current method better amends the initial normal and shear stresses acting on the slip surface, and has the identical results with using simplified Bishop method, Spencer method, and Morgenstern-Price(M-P) method; however, the stress curve of the current method is smoother than that obtained using the three abovementioned methods. 2) The current method is suitable for analyzing the two- and three-dimensional slope stability. 3) In the three-dimensional asymmetric sliding body, the non-strict method yields safer solutions, and the results of the quasi-strict method are relatively reasonable and close to those of the strict method, indicating that the quasi-strict method can be used to obtain a reliable slope safety factor.     

LEM-DEM coupling for slope stability analysis

Slope stability analysis is a keen area of interest to researchers of geotechnical engineering and geological hazards. To date, the most popular approach applied in slope engineering design is the limit equilibrium method (LEM). However, for this method, some assumptions are required when obtaining the sliding force and the resistance force on the slide face. The discrete element method (DEM) presents an advantage in the calculation of the interaction forces between adjacent blocks without assumptions. This paper introduces a new slope stability analysis based on coupling of both approaches, herein referred to as LEM-DEM. The main LEM-DEM procedure is to transform the slice model of a slope in LEM into the DEM model and obtain the sliding force and the resistance force to calculate the factor of stability (Fos). The sensitivity analysis of the parameters in DEM, such as normal and shear stiffness, was conducted to illustrate that LEM-DEM suggests higher contact stiffness. A comparison between the Fos values in DEM and LEM-DEM was also conducted to indicate the rationality and advantages of LEM-DEM, especially for a gentle slope with a changing shear force direction in the slice model where the interslice forces in LEM are unreasonable. Furthermore, this study carried out a 3D landslide stability analysis extension, along with the results, for the proposed method.     

求解边坡安全系数的离散元法

结合强度折减法的思想和离散元法的特点,提出一种求解岩体边坡安全系数的方法.采用关键点位移/速度时程曲线的变化趋势对边坡的临界状态进行判断,采用失稳状态时坡体的速度/位移矢量图来判断与安全系数对应的滑动面.将上述方法运用到钟家湾顺层边坡的稳定分析中,并将所得结果与极限平衡法计算结果进行了对比,发现二者的计算数值相差较小,对比结果表明该方法是合理可行的.     

边坡稳定性条分法和容重增加法的耦合分析

结合有限元方法或有限差分法和极限平衡法各自的优点详细分析边坡稳定性,提出了基于条分法和容重增加法耦合分析的基本原理及边坡安全系数的计算程序。利用有限元软件ANSYS和有限差分软件FLAC得出边坡最危险滑动面以及坡体内的应力和应变,然后,通过极限平衡条分理论求得边坡安全系数。算例表明耦合分析求得的边坡稳定安全系数与其它方法的计算结果相近,而且精确分析了强度指标c、φ对边坡稳定的影响,为边坡加固设计提供了依据。