欧盟修订废弃车辆指令G/TBT/N/EU/50

据设在国家质检总局的中国WTO/TBT国家通报咨询中心消息:近日,欧盟向WTO秘书处通报了"修订废弃车辆指令2000/53/EC附录Ⅱ的欧盟委员会指令草案"(G/TBT/N/EU/50)。欧盟委员会指令草案修改了废弃车辆指令2000/53/EC的第4(2)(a)条规定,该规定免除了禁止2003年7月1日后上市的车辆,在其材料和     

Na+掺杂对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2结构和电化学性质的影响

采用高温固相法成功制备了不同Na+掺杂浓度的Li_1-xNa_xNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂锂离子电池正极材料,探究了Na元素掺杂对层状氧化物正极材料结构以及电化学性能的影响。通过X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的结构和形貌,结果表明,当x≤0.3时,样品不会出现其它杂相;当x＞0.3时,样品中会出现NaNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的杂相。同时随着掺杂浓度的增加,样品的阳离子混排度逐渐增加。电化学性能结果表明,少量Na+的掺入可以提高LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂在0.2C,0.5C下的放电比容量并增强其循环稳定性,但会损坏材料的倍率性能。     

PDLLA/β-TCP/HA/CHS/NGF Sustained-release Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Using nerve guide conduits (NGCs) to promote the regeneration of PNI is a feasible alternative to autograft.Compared with NGCs made of single material,composite NGCs have a greater development prospect.Our previous research has confirmed that poly(D,L-lactic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate/hyaluronic acid/chitosan/nerve growth factor (PDLLA/β-TCP/HA/CHS/NGF) NGCs have excellent physical and chemical properties,which can slowly release NGF and support cell adhesion and proliferation.In this study,PDLLA/β-TCP/HA/CHS/NGF NGCs were prepared and used to bridge a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in 200-250 g Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat to verify the performance of the NGCs in vivo.Substantial improvements in nerve regeneration were observed after using the PDLLA/β-TCP/HA/CHS/NGF NGCs based on gross post-operation observation,triceps wet weight analysis and nerve histological assessment.In vivo studies illustrate that the PDLLA/β-TCP/HA/CHS/NGF sustained-release NGCs can effectively promote peripheral nerve regeneration,and the effect is similar to that of autograft.     

M/M/c型与M/M/1型排队系统对比仿真

为了更具体地分析M/M/c和c个M/M/1并联系统在性能上的差异,首先分析了Little公式在应用中可能存在的缺陷,然后通过AnyLogic仿真工具对模型运行过程进行跟踪,最后通过管理系统仿真(general purpose simulation system,GPSS) JAVA仿真获取了2种排队系统中服务台利用率、平均队长、最大队长、平均等待时间等对比指标,并指出了M/M/1并联系统用解析法求解存在的缺陷.仿真结果表明:2种排队系统中服务台利用率几乎相同;M/M/c系统中顾客平均等待时间稍短于c个M/M/1并联系统,对传统排队论中的“与c个M/M/1并联系统相比,M/M/c系统可以显著提高服务效率和减少等待时间”结论进行了修正.此外,M/M/c系统中“短时等待”顾客更多,其“零等待”顾客数和“长时等待”顾客数均显著少于c个M/M/1并联系统.     

TiO2/SiO2/H+-ATP复合催化剂的制备及性能

为了制备色度低、活性高、反应时间短且副反应少的钛系催化剂,以坡缕石(ATP)为载体,制备了TiO₂/SiO₂/H⁺-ATP复合催化剂。研究了催化剂Ti, Si物质的量比及酸化ATP(H⁺-ATP)载体引入量对催化剂催化性能的影响规律。通过探究聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)色度及流变性能,评价TiO₂/SiO₂/H⁺-ATP催化剂的催化性能。结果表明,催化剂n(Ti)∶n(Si)为9∶1,H⁺-ATP载体加入量为10%时,催化剂TiO₂/SiO₂/H⁺-ATP的催化效果最佳,制备的PET性能最好。     

锂离子电池多元复合正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的研究进展

介绍了一种新型锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的研究概况,分析了该材料的结构特点和电化学性质,总结了三元材料的主要制备方法,以及如何利用掺杂和包覆对其进行改性,以提高其性能,并指出了三元材料的发展前景和今后的研究方向.     

Fe3O4/SnS2的制备及其催化性能研究

为提高Fe₃O₄的类芬顿效果,基于光助类芬顿催化氧化技术,在共沉淀法制备Fe₃O₄的基础上采用醇热法制备能高效降解亚甲基蓝的Fe₃O₄/SnS₂催化剂。建立了以Fe₃O₄/SnS₂为催化剂的光助类芬顿催化氧化体系,分析不同制备及降解条下Fe₃O₄/SnS₂的类芬顿活性,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对Fe₃O₄/SnS₂材料进行表征。结果表明：当Fe₃O₄和SnS₂物质的量比为1∶1时,Fe₃O₄/SnS₂的催化效果最好;亚甲基蓝溶液pH为3.0、Fe₃O_...     

2BaTiO3/1SrTiO3/1CaTiO3超晶格的纵向挠曲电系数计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了由²BaTiO₃/¹SrTiO₃/¹CaTiO₃所构成的超晶格材料的纵向挠曲电系数。构建了三种超晶胞构型,钛酸钡、钛酸锶和钛酸钙的层数比都为2：1：1,并且保持超晶胞的总层数为16层。对三种超晶胞构型,分别施加余弦应变,分析超晶格中各原子的位移和应变,以及每种构型的纵向挠曲电系数。结果表明,构型Ⅱ的纵向挠曲电系数可达5.63 nC/m,比单晶BaTiO₃、单晶SrTiO₃材料分别提升了16倍和6倍。本文的研究结果对遴选纵向挠曲电系数的材料具有较好的指导意义。     

高温下n-GaN/Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触的可靠性研究

研究了高温工作环境下Ti/Al/Ni/Au(15 nm/220 nm/40 nm/50 nm)四层复合金属层与n-GaN(N_d= 3.7×10~(17)cm~(-3),N_d=3.0×10~(18)cm~(-3))的欧姆接触特性,试验结果标明,当测量温度低于300℃时,存储时间为0～24h,其接触电阻率基本不变,表现出良好的温度可靠性;分别经过300、500℃各24h高温存储后,其欧姆接触发生了较为明显的退化,且不可恢复.接触电阻率均随测量温度的增加而增大,掺杂浓度越高,其接触电阻率随测量温度的升高缓慢增加;重掺杂样品的n-GaN/Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触具有更高的高温可靠性。     

基于MATLAB 程序的GI/GI/c/K/∞系统的建模与仿真

依据离散事件动态系统(DEDS)状态的变化的基本原理建立了排队系统GI/GI/c/K/∞的仿真模型,通过MATLAB程序实现,与排队系统特例M/M/c/K/∞的理论结果进行了比较,并就该模型的实际应用作了说明,从而也表明此模型与算法的有效性.     

浅析英语语音教学中的/n//l/发音错误

在大学英语教学过程中,有关/n/与/l/的发音错误很常见,原因是没有完全掌握它们的发音规则。/n//l/发音规则的相似性造成了/n//l/不分的情况,而且局部方言中这两个音也不作区分,使得/n//l/混淆的情况更加严重。在教学过程中,可以通过重点讲解区分/n/与/l/的发音规则及其区别来避免/n//l/发音错误。本文同时也分析了含糊/l/音的发音错误,通过对/n/与/l/相关的发音错误分析找出大学英语语音教学行之有效的途径:在完全把握单音的发音规则的基础上,进一步强调语调的掌握,使学生拥有良好的语音。     

肼类燃料液滴的亚临界——超临界蒸发/分解燃烧理论

对肼、一甲基肼、偏二甲肼的亚临界－－超临界蒸发／分解燃烧进行了研究,计算了肼类燃料滴在不同压力下液滴温度和蒸发速度的变化历程,计算了蒸发常数、传热数和传质数,其结果和实验数据是吻合的。本文不但考虑了肼类燃料滴的亚临界蒸发／分解燃烧,还考虑到了其超临界蒸发／分解燃烧,并对达到超临界工况时的界限参数进行了计算。     

Reliability of Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si ferroelectric diode

A ferroelectric memory diode that consisted of Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si multilayer configuration was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The reliability issues (I-V characteristics, capacitance retention, fatigue and imprint) were investigated. The I-V curve showed the conventional Schottky diode characteristics with a small current density of - 5.3×10 -10 A/cm2 at a voltage of - 4 V and 6.7×10-8 A/cm2 at a voltage of + 4V, and this characteristic can be maintained below 50℃. The capacitance variety of the ferroelectric diode was only 5 % in 10 hours after withdrawing the applied bias of + 5 V or - 5 V, indicating the diode had good capacitance retention. By applying 100 kHz bipolar pulses of 5 V amplitude, the decay in remanent polarization was only 10% after 109 switching cycles, and meanwhile the increase in coercive field was 12%. After being irradiated for 20 min with a 200 W ultraviolet ray lamp, the remanent polarization and coercive field had both varied, and a voltage shift was obse     

铬/氢/空气/氯体系的焚烧动力学分析

对含铬固体废物焚烧体系进行动力学分析是提出控制六价铬化合物排放措施的基础。本文对铬/氢/空气/氯焚烧体系进行了动力学分析,研究了温度、初始氯含量对产物中六价铬化合物含量的影响。研究表明,六价铬化合物主要以CrO2(OH)2的形式出现,最高含量出现在1700K左右;氯的存在没有导致六价铬化合物CrO2Cl2的大量生成;六价铬化合物CrO2(OH)2的含量随初始氯含量的增大略有下降。建议含铬固体废物实际焚烧过程中,避开1700K左右的温度区域,减少六价铬化合物的排放。     

St/BA/MAA/AA/VAC复合乳液的合成及其应用

采用半连续乳液种子聚合法合成苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、甲基丙烯酸 （MAA）、丙烯酸（AA）、醋酸乙烯酯 （VAc）的复合乳液.分析了丙烯酸对乳液电解质性能的影响,引发剂对聚合反应转化率的影响及乳化剂含量对乳液粘度的影响.通过正交试验确定组分的适当配比.该共聚乳液的粘度及固体含量符合要求,稳定性好, 性能价格比高.应用表明：用此乳液配制成地毯乳胶,胶膜具有良好的机械性能.     

Low temperature properties of organic-inorganic Ag/ p -CuPc/ n -GaAs/Ag photoelectric sensor

A thin organic film of p-type semiconducting copper phthalocynanine (CuPc) was deposited by vacuum evaporation on an n-type GaAs single-crystal semiconductor substrate. The fabricated Ag/p-CuPc/n-GaAs/Ag sensor was carried through an ageing process to stabilize the parameters. Voltage-current characteristics and photoelectrical response of the sensor were investigated at a wide temperature range of 82 to 350 K. Photoelectric characteristics were measured under nonmodulated filament-lamp illumination. It was observed that such sensor parameters as rectification ratio, threshold voltage, junction, shunt and series resistances, open-circuit voltage and short circuit current are temperature-dependent. It was found that wide-range voltage-current characteristics of the sensor may be described similarly to that of a Schottky barrier diode. Using the experimental data on voltage-current characteristics and absorbance of the CuPc films, the energy-band diagram of the p-CuPc/n-GaAs heterojunction was developed. It was shown that data obtained from simulation of an equivalent circuit of photoelectric sensor agreed with experimental results. Supported by the National Engineering and Scientific Commission of Pakistan     

减小ITO/PTCDA/P-Si/Al型光电探测器暗电流的方法

有机/无机同型异质结是一种新型的光电子元器件,由于它有制备工艺简单,一致性和稳定性好,光电转换效率高,频响特性宽等优点,在光电子领域将有广泛的应用前景.将有机半导体材料苝四甲酸二酐淀积在10 Ω·cm的P-Si无机半导体片上,形成有机/无机同型异质结,然后采用各种工艺处理方法有效的降低了它的暗电流,暗电流减小到了10-9A数量级.对降低暗电流的工艺措施和方法进行了分析和讨论.实验结果还表明,ITO/PTCDA/P-Si/Al同型异质结的暗电流主要成分是耗尽区中载流子的产生-复合电流结的反向饱和电流.     

St/BA/MAA/AA/VAC复合乳液的合成及其应用

采用半连续乳液种子聚合法合成苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酸(AA)、醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)的复合乳液。分析了丙烯酸对乳液电解质性能的影响,引发剂对聚合反应转化率的影响及乳化剂含量对乳液粘度的影响。通过正交试验确定组分的适当配比。该共聚乳液的粘度及固体含量符合要求,稳定性好,性能价格比高。应用表明:用此乳液配制成地毯乳胶,胶膜具有良好的机械性能。     

Modification of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material by CeO2-coating

LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was coated by a layer of 1.0 wt% CeO₂ via sol-gel method. The bared and coated LiMn_1/3Co_1/3Ni_1/3O₂ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammogram (CV) and galvanotactic charge-discharge test. The results show that the coating layer has no effect on the crystal structure, only coating on the surface; the 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ exhibits better discharge capacity and cycling performance than the bared LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. The discharge capacity of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated cathode is 182.5 mAh·g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA·g⁻¹, in contrast to 165.8 mAh·g⁻¹of the bared sample. The discharge capacity retention of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated sample after 12 cycles reaches 93.2%, in comparison with 86.6% of the bared sample. CV results show that the CeO₂ coating could suppress phase transitions and prevent the surface of cathode material from direct contact with the electrolyte, thus enhance the electrochemical performance of the coated material.     

Memory characteristics of Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si ferroelectric diode

A ferroelectric memory diode consisting of Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si multilayer configuration has been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The ferroelectric properties and the memory characteristics are investigated. The P-E curve of the PZT/BIT/p-Si films system had an asymmetry saturated hysteresis loop with P, = 15 μC/cm2 and Ec = 48 kV/cm, and the decay in remanent polarization was only 10% after 109 switching cycles, meanwhile the increase in coercive field was 12% . The C-V hysteresis loop and the I-V curve showed a memory effect derived from the ferroelectric polarization of PZT/BIT films, and the current density was 6.7 × 10-8 A/cm2 at a voltage of + 4V. Our diode had nonvolatile and nondestructive memory readout operation. There was a read current disparity of 0.05 μA for logic "1" and logic "0" at a read voltage of + 2V, and the stored logical value ("1" or "0") could be read out in 30 min.