分布式多级供应链整合建模及仿真

针对4级供应链结构,构造了多产品、多级结构的采购-生产-分销供应链整合模型。该模型面向供应链各级结构的物流优化,以供应链总成本最小并满足一定容量柔性为目标,确定供应商、工厂、配送中心的最优数目及其选择,以及配送中心和客户区之间的最优配置关系。在此基础上利用LINGO进行仿真求解,对不同场景下的供应链总成本进行了估算,并对容量柔性进行权衡,证明了模型的可行性和有效性。     

顾客满意度导向的供应链三层目标优化研究

针对在订单突然增加的情况下供应链系统如何协调顾客满意度和企业利润的问题,将核心企业作为协调中心,优先考虑顾客满意度,并兼顾供应链节点企业利润,利用多层目标规划理论建立三层决策优化模型,并用模糊隶属度原理将多目标问题转化为单目标问题,设计了基于交互协商的三步求解算法,利用遗传算法对转化后的模型进行求解。最后,通过数值算例验证了此三步求解算法的可行性和一定程度上的先进性。     

基于MATLAB/GUI缓冲包装动力学优化设计

基于缓冲材料宏观本构模型,建立不同缓冲材料组成的串联力学模型。介绍求解串联缓冲系统动力学响应的虚拟质量方法及包装结构优化设计方法。利用MATLAB/GUI编制用于缓冲系统结构设计的界面程序,并脱离MATLAB平台。为缓冲包装动力学设计提供直接方法。     

模糊随机需求下的全球供应链订单分配

为了使全球供应链三方企业即供应商、第三方物流服务供应商和购买商的利润最大化,考虑了供应链中的模糊随机需求、关税和汇率等因素,从三方企业利润最大化角度出发,建立全球供应链订单分配的模糊随机多目标优化模型。并借助矩阵转换,将模型转化为三方利润满意度最高的单目标优化模型进行求解,用Shapely值法对三方企业利润进行合理分配。最后运用算例对模型进行仿真,并通过比较分析得出,基于三方企业利润最大化的订单分配模型所实现的全球供应链总利润要比基于一方企业或两方企业利润最大化的订单分配模型所实现的全球供应链总利润最少高出3.47%,验证了模型的有效性。     

基于惯性参数的动力总成悬置系统解耦分析

基于传统的动力总成悬置系统6自由度模型,可得到与6自由度相关的解耦率。而通过商业软件Adams建立动力总成悬置系统模型并利用vibration插件进行计算时,平动方向上的解耦率与传统6自由度模型相同,而转动方向上的三个分量被分解为6个与惯性参数相关的分量。基于Adams模态能量表达,用Matlab软件编写动力总成悬置系统的解耦率计算程序,利用多目标优化方法对悬置系统进行优化设计。结果表明,对悬置刚度进行优化能有效提高解耦率。     

基于BSC和SD仿真的供应链绩效评价

成本和服务水平是供应链绩效评价申具有悖反关系的指标.提出了基于平衡计分卡(BSC)和系统动力学(SD)仿真的供应链绩效评价方法,建立了供应链成本与服务水平的数学模型.利用BSC和战略图界定供应链结构及其边界,建立供应链系统模型;由供应链模型构建SD仿真流图和供应链绩效指标的SD方程;通过SD仿真和参数调整平衡成本与服务水平之间的关系,实现供应链绩效的优化.以生产一分销子系统为例,验证方法的有效性.     

系统动力学的碳排放政策对供应链影响

随着低碳经济的发展,碳排放政策对于供应链的影响越来越受到关注。建立了基于系统动力学的单个供应商和销售商的供应链模型,并在此基础上引入强制排放和碳税两种碳排放政策。利用模型仿真,分析两种排放政策对于供应商、销售商及整个供应链的总成本和碳排放的影响。研究表明在强制排放模型中,不同的碳排放额度会使销售商选择不同的订货周期,发现合理的排放额度才能引导供应链双方降低排放,否则不仅达不到减排的目的,反而影响供应链效率;而在碳税模型中,提高碳税税率虽然会使政府获取一定的收益,但是实际上可能带来供应链总成本的上升和碳排放的增加,需要合理制定碳税税率引导绿色供应链发展。     

基于Matlab的缓冲包装系统固有频率最佳分布的仿真研究

以缓冲包装系统的振动传递率为研究对象,以动力学理论为基础,使用两级估算法建立了缓冲包装系统的两自由度系统动力学模型.采用不解耦的求解方式,应用Matlab对该模型的缓冲衬垫的固有频率与易损零件的固有频率的合理分布进行了仿真,得到两固有频率的最佳分布范围,为产品的缓冲包装设计提供了理论基础.     

基于Multi-Agent的人机环境仿真设计系统

提出了用于制造过程仿真和人机工程分析的多Agent智能设计系统。基于模糊多目标决策理论建立了虚拟人自适应作业行为仿真模型。在虚拟环境中,智能化的虚拟人能自主完成作业任务的仿真,优化自身的工作状态,同时提供人机工程的评估结果。通过仿真实验,证明了所用技术的可行性。     

考虑碳减排风险的闭环供应链网络设计

针对产品需求量和废旧品回收率的不确定性,采用情景分析方法,以总成本最小化为目标建立了闭环供应链网络设计模型。在此基础上,考虑到日益凸显的环境问题,将碳排放作为闭环供应链网络设计的重要影响因素,建立了两阶段随机规划模型,并引入碳减排风险约束,将多目标问题转化为单目标问题进行求解,以确定闭环供应链网络的布局结构和节点之间的流量安排。最后,通过算例分析,证明了模型的有效性,得到了不同风险态度决策者的最优方案,取得了碳减排风险和总成本的折中,为闭环供应链网络设计者提供决策支持。     

基于绿色供应链的冷链物流配送路径优化

针对冷链物流配送路径优化问题，根据绿色物流理念及冷链物流配送过程特点，分析了配送过程中车辆固定成本、配送过程燃油成本、配送过程货损成本及碳税成本，并以上述各成本之和最小为优化目标构造数学模型，并将全局人工鱼群算法运用到该模型中。借助Matlab软件对具体案例进行求解，得出总成本为4 456元。结果表明，数学模型和全局人工鱼群算法对求解此类问题有着一定的理论指导和参考价值。     

周期可变下考虑多车型的库存路径优化研究

目的 研究基于供应商管理库存模式下，由一个供应商和多个零售商组成的二级供应链配送系统的库存路径优化问题，确定计划期内各配送周期的长度、数量，对供应链中库存策略与配送方案问题进行协调优化，使系统总成本最低。方法 考虑的成本包括库存持有成本、缺货成本和配送成本。为降低供应链系统的总成本，提出全新的周期可变策略。结果 采用遗传算法求解得出最佳方案。将不同策略的算例结果进行对比分析，结果表明周期可变策略与周期固定策略相比，系统总成本最低节约比例为1.7%，最高节约比例为42.3%。结论 通过对计划期内各配送周期的长度及数量进行划分调整可以有效地节约系统总成本，同时，采用多车型的配送方案明显优于采用同车型的配送方案。     

From waste to value – a system dynamics model for strategic decision-making in closed-loop supply chains

Although the field of closed-loop supply chain management has attracted a lot of attention in recent years and the management of reverse logistics processes has become a major field of supply chain management, there is still a lack of research conducting analyses using a comprehensive approach that takes the complexity of problems of reverse logistics processes into account. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model that allows an original equipment manufacturer in the electronics industry to test different value recovery strategies for business-to-business products in a closed-loop supply chain setting. For this purpose system dynamics is used because this approach enables one to capture the high complexity of reverse logistics processes and is suitable, contrary to traditional optimisation approaches, for analysing the dynamic behaviour of closed-loop supply chains comprehensively. The simulation analysis identifies leverage points for the improvement of decisions concerning reverse logistics. In particular, the simulation runs conducted highlight the high complexity and connectivity inherited with various value recovery processes. The paper contributes to a better understanding of supply chain dynamics, the impact of product backflow, and reverse logistics.     

Simulation and optimization of supply chains: alternative or complementary approaches?

Discrete-event simulation and (mixed-integer) linear programming are widely used for supply chain planning. We present a general framework to support the operational decisions for supply chain networks using a combination of an optimization model and discrete-event simulation. The simulation model includes nonlinear and stochastic elements, whereas the optimization model represents a simplified version. Based on initial simulation runs cost parameters, production, and transportation times are estimated for the optimization model. The solution of the optimization model is translated into decision rules for the discrete-event simulation. This procedure is applied iteratively until the difference between subsequent solutions is small enough. This method is applied successfully to several test examples and is shown to deliver competitive results much faster compared to conventional mixed-integer models in a stochastic environment. It provides the possibility to model and solve more realistic problems (incorporating dynamism and uncertainty) in an acceptable way. The limitations of this approach are given as well.     

考虑风险规避行为的弹性供应链网络集成优化

基于前景理论对多维风险环境下的弹性供应链网络设计和运作集成优化问题进行了研究,使用了能够反映决策者风险规避行为特征的效用函数,通过随机情境生成技术模拟多维风险环境,并使用非线性缺货惩罚成本限制缺货量,从而确保供应链网络具有应对多维风险环境的弹性,在此基础上建立多周期非线性混合整数随机规划模型。文中给出了模型求解的线性转化方法与求解算法,并通过具体的数值算例与灵敏度分析验证了优化模型的有效性与实际应用价值。     

考虑风电消纳的源-荷协同优化调度策略

为提升风电消纳比例,提出一种基于遗传算法的源-荷协同调度策略。旨在通过负荷侧需求响应与源侧发电机组共同参与电网优化调度,缓解由于风电反调峰特性导致的大规模弃风问题。在电力用户自愿参与电网调度的基础上,分析激励型需求响应参与电网调度对风电消纳的影响机理,以系统总成本最低为目标建立源-荷协同优化调度模型,在保证系统安全、可靠的前提下,采用遗传算法对模型进行求解。利用Matlab对算例进行仿真计算,与仅考虑源侧优化的调度策略相比,风电消纳比例提高了27.56%,总调度成本降低了4 798元,验证了所提策略对于提升风电消纳的有效性。     

A system dynamics model for the supply chain procurement transport problem: comparing spreadsheets,fuzzy programming and simulation approaches

This article proposes a simulation approach based on system dynamics for operational procurement and transport planning in a two-level, multi-product and multi-period supply chain. This work uses the Vensim^® simulation tool to highlight the potential of system dynamics for supply chain simulation. A real continuous simulation application is presented in an automobile supply chain. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through the comparison of the results provided by spreadsheet-based simulation, fuzzy multi-objective programming and system dynamics-based simulation models. The fundamental point of this paper is that the simulation model is the most effective approach in quantifying the trade-off between number of truck shipments and average inventory level. In this case, the number of truck shipments is to be minimised, resulting in a higher inventory level. If the average inventory level were minimised, then there would be more truck shipments. Here, it is shown the benefit of this type of simulation model in reducing inventory by about 10%.     

分割配送的生鲜产品库存-路径优化研究

目的 基于供应商管理库存策略,优化协调第三方物流（3rd Party Logistics,3PL）参与的二级供应链系统中库存补充与补货配送的关系,在满足配送需求的同时降低系统的库存和运输成本。方法 综合考虑3PL物流模式下的库存-路径系统中生鲜产品的运输距离、质量时间窗以及需求分割配送策略在时间上的调整等因素,以异质车队车辆行驶燃油成本、车辆调用固定成本、配送超时腐坏成本以及各零售商的库存成本为目标函数,建立多品种生鲜产品库存-路径优化模型。结果 通过改进的遗传算法计算并进行配送量调整优化,得到最终的生鲜配送方案,其系统总成本比配送量调整前减少了9.98%。结论 通过在时间上对配送量进行拆分调整可以有效地节约供应链系统总成本。     

Analysis of the bullwhip effect in multi-product,multi-stage supply chain systems–a simulation approach

This research aims to develop a simulation approach based on system dynamics modelling (SDM) and adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for quantifying and reducing the bullwhip effect in a multi-product, multi-stage supply chain. The proposed model is comprised of three groups of variables influencing the bullwhip effect, namely the structure of a supply chain network, supply chain contributions (ordering process in regular situation or when a supplier has a promotion or shortage gaming) and supply chain performances (the number of defects and ordering lead time). As a result, a two layer simulation model is developed with three generic models. The flexibility of this proposed approach is its ability to model various types of ordering policies which are basic inventory policies, material requirement planning (MRP) system and just in time (JIT) approach. The supply chain of a beverage company was selected to validate and demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed model. The findings of the proposed simulation model are consistent with the results obtained from the case study. The error magnitude of the bullwhip effect level varied between 0 and 9% resulting in bullwhip effect reductions of up to 92%. Accordingly, the bullwhip effect levels are significantly decreased by using the proposed simulation model.     

具有缺陷品的双渠道供应链库存优化策略

为研究双渠道供应链库存优化问题，考虑由一个网络零售商和一个传统零售商构成的缺陷品双渠道供应链系统，允许不同渠道零售商之间采用横向转运策略协调库存水平，引入渠道间消费者购买转移，运用马尔科夫链来描述零售商的库存状态，建立以库存成本最小为目标的数学模型，并运用遗传算法进行求解。通过对允许转运和不允许转运2种方案的对比，得出在分销缺陷产品的双渠道供应链中，双渠道间采取转运策略可以降低最优库存量和总成本；随着购买转移概率的增加和产品缺陷率的增加，转运策略带来的系统绩效均不断降低。