多波束阵列天线的稀疏化设计

讨论利用加权最大功率传输效率法(Weighted method of maximum power transmission efficiency,WMMPTE)实现多波束阵列天线的稀疏化,使得天线单元数目小于天线波束数数目.待设计天线与置于波束方向的测试天线形成无线功率传输系统,再利用WMMPTE优化可得到多波束阵列天...     

微波输能应用中整流天线阵列接收效率的研究

整流天线阵列是微波无线能量传输系统的重要组成部分,其接收和转换效率关系到能量无线传输的成败。在5.8 GHz频段采用矩形、圆形和三角形3种微带贴片单元,分别以发射天线阵列最大口径效率和接收天线阵列最高接收效率为目标进行优化,仿真计算了各天线阵列对空间电磁来波的接收效率。结果表明,天线单元形状会影响整流天线阵列的接收效率,相对于按发射天线阵列最大口径效率设计,以最高接收效率优化排布的整流天线阵列,对空间电磁来波的接收效果较好。     

应用于微波无线能量传输系统的发射波束技术

概述了微波无线能量传输系统的研究现状及其基本原理,从可提高波束能量的一些特殊口径场以及先进的天线技术角度,分别按Whisper波束、超增益天线、平顶波束、聚焦天线技术、非衍射天线进行介绍。最后对微波能量传输系统中发射技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

遗传算法在阵列天线赋形波束综合中的应用

基于遗传算法，提出了一种新的阵列天线赋形波束综合方法，在阵列天线单元数，单元间距一定的情况下，对阵列天线单元馈电幅度，相位进行优化选择，使赋形波束达到设计要求，解决了遗传算法在阵列天线赋形波束应用时的关键技术和实现方法，进行了实验例证，获得了优良的赋形波束形状，显示了遗传算法在天线设计中的广泛应用前景。     

一种可用于相控阵的双点馈多层圆极化微带天线

设计出了一种双背馈空气夹层微带圆极化天线单元,该天线单元具有13％的阻抗带宽,最大辐射方向上轴比2．5dB。用该天线单元以顺序旋转的方式组成四元阵,再用八个该天线单元和两组一分八功分器组成八单元阵列,研究了该阵列天线圆极化波束分别指向天线阵法向和偏转30°时的辐射特性和极化特性。该天线单元组阵圆极化轴比特性好,易于实现波束扫描,适合用于有源相控阵系统。     

一种全空域覆盖卫星通信多面相控阵天线

设计了一种可以覆盖全空域的卫星通信相控阵天线,采用七面阵圈成台体的形武,每一面阵上设置四单元的相拉阵天线阵列,其波束分别覆盖空域中不同的部分,其中顶部的面阵形成的波束覆盖上半空间的部分区域,侧面的六个面阵产生的波束分别覆盖低仰角空域。在系统内部采用开关切换的形武,对不同面阵的工作状态进行控制。在每一面阵申,由四单元组成的相控阵可进行波柬扫描,以扩大波束覆盖范围。系统内部的传感系统和有源功率控制设备实现天线对卫星的自跟踪功能。该典型设备可以用于各种移动载体上。     

基于现有天线设备对数字定向发射系统的研究

在通信基地或舰载通信平台现有设备的基础上,利用多付独立工作的天线,构成一个分布式阵列天线系统。在此天线系统上,介绍了数字定向发射波束形成的原理,分析了实际发射过程中的存在的各种误差,及其对波束合成的影响,并提出采用校准的方法以降低这些误差对发射波束合成的影响。以不规则圆阵布阵为例进行仿真,结果表明数字定向发射系统可以有效地实现对某一定点目标方向的功率增强。系统可以在线实时调整相位参数,能够分时实现对某一段方向的扫描发射或者多点定向发射。     

一种用于双通道跳频技术的时间调制阵列系统

基于波束形成理论和时间调制阵列天线理论,围绕着规避噪声、干扰或者多用户情况下非重复的通道,提出了一种适用于跳频技术的时间调制阵列系统,通过控制天线阵列单元的工作状态对信号进行调制.在将第一边带的波束对准于目标方向的同时,在射频端对载频进行迁移,从而达到跳频通信的目的.仿真结果表明:该时间调制阵列系统在较低运算开销下实现了预期波束指向和实时载频迁移.此外,通过利用天线单元控制时序中的未使用间隙,系统被扩展为独立工作的双通道天线系统,并提供了时序冲突时的解决策略和实验证明.     

MPT中基于LabWindows/CVI的微波波束自适应调节

为实现微波无线能量传输(MWPT)系统中最高传输效率,需要调节微波发射波束对准接收端。通过对微波发射端天线单元的相位进行闭环调节和控制,实现接收端微波功率最大值的跟踪与锁定。本文构建2个发射天线单元的X波段微波无线能量传输系统,基于LabWindows/CVI软件平台进行发射端功率放大器相位自适应控制,实现系统最高效率传输。发射天线和接收天线的中心距离为152 cm,功率放大器的最小移相步进5.625°。实测结果表明,微波无线能量传输系统输出功率降为最大值一半的范围(3 dB动态范围)扩大了49%,验证了本方法能准确地进行闭环自适应相位控制并锁定最高系统传输功率。     

线元天线阵列传输特性实验研究

用脉冲电源产生亚纳秒高斯电脉冲给线元天线馈电,测试线元天线轴线能量的传输特性。实验结果表明,在相同轴线距离处,线元阵列天线轴线能量与单元天线轴线能量之比正比于天线阵列阵元数的平方;阵列天线轴线能量具有慢衰减传输特性;对线元阵列天线不同行、列作适当馈电延迟,可实现辐射电磁波束的空间扫描。所有实验结果在误差范围内与理论计算结果符合。     

Joint optimal power control and beamforming in wireless networksusing antenna arrays

The interference reduction capability of antenna arrays and the power control algorithms have been considered separately as means to increase the capacity in wireless communication networks. The minimum variance distortionless response beamformer maximizes the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) when it is employed in the receiver of a wireless link. In a system with omnidirectional antennas, power control algorithms are used to maximize the SINR as well. We consider a system with beamforming capabilities in the receiver, and power control. An iterative algorithm is proposed to jointly update the transmission powers and the beamformer weights so that it converges to the jointly optimal beamforming and transmission power vector. The algorithm is distributed and uses only local interference measurements. In an uplink transmission scenario, it is shown how base assignment can be incorporated in addition to beamforming and power control, such that a globally optimum solution is obtained. The network capacity and the saving in mobile power are evaluated through numerical study     

Cross-Layer Antenna Beamforming and Power Control in Wireless Uplinks

We consider backlog-driven power control and antenna beamforming as a means to maximize network throughput in a wireless uplink, where a base station receives with an antenna array from single-antenna wireless users. Throughput maximization gives rise to an optimization problem which is in general non-concave. We introduce a cross-layer, alternating maximization algorithm searching for the optimal solution, and a variant of the algorithm with reduced complexity. The algorithm alternates between a power control step and a beamforming step. Simulation results illustrate the convergence of the proposed scheme to a locally optimal pair of power vector and beamforming matrix, and quantify its throughput gains in a system with stochastic arrivals.     

一个基于软件无线电的智能天线接收系统

智能天线技术是第三代移动通信中的核心技术之一,最初主要应用于雷达和军用抗干扰通信。随着软件无线电技术的发展,采用全数字处理,在基带通过对接收和发送信号的波束赋形,可以极大提高无线通信系统的容量和抗干扰能力。文中在讨论智能天线的基本原理和设计思路的基础上,提出并实现了一个适于扩频通信的智能天线接收系统。系统硬件平台的搭建以及固定波束形成的实现,为以后的软件算法的性能评估打下了基础。     

Experimental studies of spatial signature variation at 900 MHz forsmart antenna systems

A spatial signature is the response vector of a base-station antenna array to a mobile unit at a certain location. Mobile subscribers at different locations exhibit different spatial signatures. The exploitation of spatial diversity (or the difference of spatial signatures) is the basic idea behind the so-called space-division multiple-access (SDMA) scheme, which can be used to significantly increase the channel capacity and quality of a wireless communication system. Although SDMA schemes have been studied by a number of researchers, most of these studies are based on theoretical analyses and computer simulations with ideal assumptions. Not much experimental study, has been reported on spatial signature variation due to nonideal perturbations in a real wireless communication environment. The purpose of this paper is to present, for the first time, extensive experimental results of spatial signature variation using a smart antenna testbed. The results presented include the spatial signature variation with time, frequency, small displacement, multipath angle spread and beamforming performance. The experimental results show the rich spatial diversity and potential benefits of using an antenna array for wireless communication applications     

Distributed antenna network for gigabit wireless access

For gigabit wireless data services, there are three important technical issues to be addressed: limited bandwidth, severe frequency-selective fading, and limited transmit power. A distributed antenna network (DAN) is a promising solution to the above three technical issues. In DAN, each mobile user is served by using multiple distributed antennas close to it. In this paper, recent advances in various distributed multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) techniques combined with single-carrier (SC) frequency-domain signal processing are presented for DAN. Particular attention is paid to SC frequency-domain MIMO diversity, relay, beamforming, and multiplexing jointly used with frequency-domain equalization (FDE) to significantly improve the signal transmission performance.     

On uplink CDMA cell capacity: mutual coupling and scattering effects on beamforming

It has been shown that code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems that employ digital beamforming and base station antenna arrays have the potential to increase capacity significantly. Therefore, accurate performance prediction of such systems is important. We propose to take the electromagnetic behavior of the base station antenna array into account, as well as its impact on wireless channel propagation. Specifically, the wideband channel introduces scattering, while the mobile environment causes Doppler fading, which in turn degrades power controllability. We develop a more accurate performance analysis of antenna arrays, where the performance degradation in digital beamforming, due to the combination of mutual coupling, scatter and imperfect power control, and its impact on uplink CDMA system capacity is quantified. A Rayleigh fading amplitude with varying angle-of-arrival spread is assumed, and maximum signal-to-noise ratio beamforming weights are used. These weights are further correlated with mutual coupling at the base station array. Despite the degradation due to the combination of mutual coupling, scattering, and imperfect power control, significant capacity increases are possible.     

智能天线非理想波束赋形对TD-SCDMA系统性能的影响

在实际的无线网络中,由于无线信道的复杂性以及DOA估计的误差,会导致智能天线系统的波束赋形出现一定程度的偏差。该文通过分析智能天线系统的原理,提出了非理想波束赋形智能天线对系统性能影响的研究方法,研究了智能天线系统的鲁棒性以及不理想波束赋形的智能天线对TD-SCDMA系统性能的影响。理论和仿真结果表明,波束赋形的准确度直接影响移动通信系统的性能,系统所能容忍的波束赋形偏差有一个固定的门限值,该门限值随着系统负载的增加而减小。     

A New Adaptive Beamforming of Multiband Fractal Antenna Array in Strong-Jamming Environment

This paper proposes, for the first time, a new radiation pattern synthesis for fractal antenna array that combines the unique multi-band characteristics of fractal arrays with the adaptive beamforming requirements in wireless environment with high-jamming power. In this work, a new adaptive beamforming method based on discrete cbKalman filter is proposed for linear Cantor fractal array with high performance and low computational requirements. The proposed Kalman filter-based beamformer is compared with the Least Mean Squares (LMS) and the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) techniques under various parameter regimes, and the results reveal the superior performance of the proposed approach in terms of beamforming stability, Half-Power Beam Width (HPBW), maximum Side-Lobe Level (SLL), null depth at the direction of interference signals, and convergence rate for different Signal to Interference (SIR) values. Also, the results demonstrate that the suggested approach not only achieves perfect adaptation of the radiation pattern synthesis at high jamming power, but also keep the same SLL at different operating frequencies. This shows the usefulness of the proposed approach in multi-band smart antenna technology for mobile communications and other wireless systems.

     

Downlink channel covariance matrix (DCCM) estimation and itsapplications in wireless DS-CDMA systems

The downlink channel covariance matrix (DCCM) is of vital importance in determining downlink beamforming weights for base station (BS) antenna array systems. For the frequency-division-duplex (FDD) mode, DCCM is difficult to obtain due to a lack of direct measurement of downlink channel responses. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed for estimating DCCM using uplink channel responses only, which does not need direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and its association. The downlink beamforming scheme is then proposed for wireless DS-CDMA systems, using the obtained DCCM information together with the so-called virtual uplink beamforming and power control technique. Computer simulations show that using the BS antenna array together with this new beamforming technique can provide larger system capacity than traditional DOA-based approaches, which just direct the main beam toward the desired user