人骨肉瘤的TEM和EDX研究

对10例人骨肉瘤进行了光镜病理学,电镜超微结构和能谱元素成份的研究。在超微结构上,将骨肉瘤细胞分类为骨母细胞型,软骨母细胞型,纤维母细胞型,原始间叶细胞和多核巨细胞等五型。各型瘤细胞的组织发生均来源于多能性原始间叶细胞。瘤细胞的恶性特点,除具有肿瘤性共同的形态特征之外,核内常见管状包涵体,胞质里有较多散在致密颗粒和无定向排列的微丝,间质胶原纤维中沉积着羟基磷灰石结晶颗粒。能谱分析说明瘤组织内有骨样组织的元素成份,羟基磷灰石结晶颗粒的形成反应了初期局部钙化。     

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤的免疫组织化学和电镜观察

探讨肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤（MALTLoma）的免疫表型和超微结构特点，对3例经开胸肺活检病理诊断的肺MALTLoma进行光镜和透射电镜观察以及免疫组化染色。光镜观察发现，瘤细胞主要由中心细胞样淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞样瘤细胞组成；3例均有淋巴上皮性损伤和反应性淋巴滤泡以及淋巴滤泡的克隆化。免疫组化显示瘤细胞表达B细胞相关抗原。透射电镜观察发现，在支气管黏膜上皮和肺泡上皮细胞周围以及肺泡腔内有较多的淋巴细胞源性瘤细胞浸润，瘤细胞具有淋巴细胞的超微结构特点。对肺MALToma的超微结构观察为该瘤的研究提供了形态学依据，电镜观察对判断瘤细胞的来源和免疫表型有帮助。     

68例脑胶质瘤透射电镜和扫描电镜观察及其鉴别诊断意义

收集人脑原发性胶质瘤标本68例，其中星形细胞瘤9例，间变性星形细胞瘤22例，胶质母细胞18例，少突胶质细胞瘤3例，间变性光突胶质细胞瘤4例，少突－星形胶质细胞肿瘤12例。另有上皮型和纤维母细胞型脑膜瘤6例。采用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察瘤细胞和间质的超微结构特点。结果显示，各型星形细胞肿瘤瘤细胞共同特点是胞浆及胞突内含有多少不等的胶质细丝；胞膜皱折不平，有多少不一的胞突，这些胞突相互交织在一起。Rosenthal纤维由密集排列的细丝状物围绕不规则的嗜锇性团块构成。脑膜瘤瘤细胞有很多指状突起，细胞间可见桥粒连接，胞膜表面缺乏星形细胞瘤细胞表面的那种皱折。结果表明，透射电镜和扫描电镜可以做为脑胶质瘤病理诊断、鉴别诊断的辅助手段。在普通光镜观察的基础上，结合免疫组化结果，应用扫描电镜还可以比较直观地观察到瘤组织内各种成分之间的相互关系。     

低度恶性纤维粘液样肉瘤电镜观察

目的：研究低度恶性纤维粘液样肉瘤（ｌｏｗ－ｇｒａｄｅ ｆｉｂｒｏｍｙｘｏｉｄ ｓａｒｃｏｍａ,ＬＧＦＳ）的超微结构特点。方法：对两例ＬＧＦＳ进行电子显微镜观察,并与文献报道比较。结果：瘤细胞多呈长梭形或不规则形,部分细胞表面见丝状假足样突起,核膜光滑,或核形不规则呈分叶状,核染色质呈细块状;大部分瘤细胞浆内含丰富的扩张的粗面内质网,细胞周围见丰富的胶原纤维,部分瘤细胞之间可见桥粒样连接,胞浆内见肌微丝并见密斑,此外尚见胞浆内神经内分泌颗粒、核内假包涵体样结构、胞浆内长棱形的类似结晶体样的结构及被膜清楚的脂质空泡。讨论：ＬＧＦＳ瘤细胞显示纤维母细胞和肌纤维母细胞的超微结构特征,在肿瘤超微病理诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

超微结构观察和c-kit标记在胃肠道间质瘤诊断上的意义

目的：进一步探讨超微结构观察和c-kit标记在胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）临床病理诊断上的意义。方法：随机选择27例GIST；标本经常规病理、电镜超薄切片和免疫组化染,色用光学和电子显微镜观察。结果：免疫组化：c-kit阳性者20例（74.1%）、CD34阳性者14例（51.9%）；单一表达平滑肌相关抗原者10例，单一表达神经相关抗原者7例，双相免疫表型阳性者6例，c-kit伴CD34单项阳性者4例。vimentin阳性率为92.6%，CgA均为阴性。电镜下，GIST瘤细胞中可查见①单一平滑肌分化标志（12例）；②单一神经分化标志（7例）；③两类分化标志同时出现（3例）；④无特异分化标志（5例）。GIST细胞的这种超微结构特征被认为和Cajal间质细胞相似，都具有前体细胞性超微结构特征。临床上，患者的消化道症状主要与肿瘤的大小和生长部位有关。病理组织学形态为恶性者13例，交界型1例，良性13例。免疫组化结果和超微结构分化特征二者之间完全相符者23例，不符者4例。结论：发生在胃肠道的间叶性肿瘤绝大多数都是GIST。其病理组织学形态主要呈梭形细胞型、上皮样细胞型、或两种细胞混合型。GIST瘤细胞的免疫表型特征为c-kit呈弥漫强阳性，CD34常呈阳性，actin、SMA、S－100、NSE有时或呈局灶阳性，dasmin、NF可能呈阳性，CgA多呈阴性。据此对GIST做出准确诊断并不困难。     

心房粘液瘤的光,电镜观察

心房粘液瘤的光、电镜观察康向华朱平陈淑范（哈尔滨医科大学病理教研室，哈尔滨１５００３６）心脏粘液瘤是心脏原发性肿瘤，约占心脏肿瘤的半数以上。目前有关其组织发生尚有不同观点［１］。本文对１０例心房粘液瘤进行了光镜和电镜观察，试图在超微结构水平进一步探讨...     

小脑髓母细胞瘤的超微结构及免疫组化研究

本研究对１５例小脑髓母细胞瘤外科切除标本作了超微结构和１０种抗体（Ｐ５３，ＰＣＮＡ，ＮＦ，ＮＳＥ，ＧＦＡＰ，Ｓ－１００，Ｖｉ，ＬＣＡ，ＣＫ，ＮＦ）免疫组化观察，描述了典型髓母细胞瘤和促纤维增生型髓母细胞斩一般形态，超微结构和免疫组化特点。发现：超微结构和免疫组化均支持瘤细胞主要朝向神经细胞分化，同时有残存的胶质细胞及有髓纤维。，ＰＣＮＡ在１５例肿瘤中１００％阳性表达，阳性细胞百分率更高，平均３９．     

肺良性转移性平滑肌瘤的组织发生学研究

目的：探讨肺良性转移性平滑肌瘤(PBML)的组织发生和生物学性质。方法：对1例PBML的肺活检组织进行光镜和电镜观察以及免疫组化研究。结果：中年女性患者,有子宫平滑肌瘤病史。胸部CT显示双肺多发性结节影。巨检：胸膜下和肺内散在灰白色结节,直径0.2至0.4cm不等,边界清楚,无包膜。光镜观察：瘤细胞呈梭形,弥漫排列,其间有柱状上皮构成的腺样结构,分化成熟。免疫组化：梭形瘤细胞表达vimentin、desmin和平滑肌肌动蛋白,不表达CK、EMA、S-100、NSE和嗜铬素A,腺样结构表达甲状腺转录因子-1。超微结构显示梭形瘤细胞分化好,胞质内有肌丝和扩张的粗面内质网,肌丝问有密体,质膜下有密斑,细胞外有大量的胶原纤维。结论：PBML的梭形瘤细胞似分化成熟的平滑肌细胞和肌纤维母细胞,腺样结构起源于呼吸上皮,提示该瘤实为原发于肺的多发性纤维平滑肌瘤性错构瘤。     

低分化模纹肌肉瘤的超微结构及诊断与鉴别诊断

通过透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）观察低分化横纹肌肉瘤（ＰＤＲＳ）的超微结构,并对电镜诊断标准及鉴别诊断进行探讨。ＴＥＭ下瘤细胞弥漫分布,以未分化间叶细胞为主,可以少数横纹肌分化细胞,其胞质已出现粗细肌丝,原始肌节和Ｚ带物质等特征性结构。我们认为,（１）原始肌节和Ｚ带物质是ＰＤＲＳ最可靠的超微结构诊断依据。（２）平行排列的粗细肌丝,横断面呈典型的点阵排列结构应是ＰＤＲＳ最低的诊断标准。本文对可能导致误诊     

软骨样脊索瘤的超微病理对比研究

目的：探讨软骨样脊索瘤的超微病理特点,为阐明此肿瘤的来源提供线索。方法：结合光镜、免疫组化及临床资料,对3例软骨样脊索瘤和4例普通的脊索瘤进行了超微结构对比观察。结果：1．在软骨样脊索瘤的软骨样区域,胞膜游离,形成棘突和微绒毛样突起;在非软骨样区域,瘤细胞排列紧密,粗面内质网发达。2．普通的脊索瘤,一些瘤细胞粗面内质网扩张、融合,挤压瘤细胞核至一侧。结论：1．软骨样脊索瘤出现了两个不同分化的层面,既有分化原始的类似胚胎脊索的瘤组织,又有分化高的软骨样区域,而普通的脊索瘤仅有单一的分化层面。2．软骨样脊索瘤的瘤细胞属同一起源,即胎儿的脊索残余。3,瘤组织的黏液性间质成分是由瘤细胞的粗面内质网合成的。液滴状细胞是部分瘤细胞由于粗面内质网高度扩张而成。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first