柠檬酸酯增塑改性聚乳酸

采用乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯(ATBC)、柠檬酸三正丁酯(TBC)、柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC)等系列柠檬酸酯增塑改性聚乳酸。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、拉伸性能等测试,表明柠檬酸酯类增塑剂能有效降低聚乳酸玻璃化转变温度,改善其加工性能,克服脆性断裂。文中还系统研究了改性材料的耐水性、小分子增塑剂的醇溶出物和降解性能,并采用溶度参数相近的原则对增塑剂与聚乳酸相容性做了初步估算,认为含有羟基并且构成酯的醇分子量越低的柠檬酸酯越能有效降低聚乳酸玻璃化温度,提高其韧性,加快降解速率,柠檬酸酯分子量越小,越易迁移,且材料耐水性变差。     

ATBC/PLA-TP复合片材的制备及性能研究

目的制备具有抗氧化性的增韧聚乳酸(PLA)基片材。方法采用乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、聚乳酸与茶多酚(TP)共混制备复合片材,差示扫描量热分析(DSC)探究试样的热力学性能,采用力学性能测试片材的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率,通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)判断材料内部作用,采用水接触角和透湿性测试衡量片材的亲水性和阻湿性,采用DPPH法测试片材抗氧化性。结果断裂伸长率最高提升了108.7%,而试样的抗拉强度无规律变化;通过红外测试得出C=O向低波数移动。ATBC和TP的加入可以有效促进PLA结晶。水接触角测试表明改性前后的PLA表面疏水,而加入了TP后,材料表面显著亲水,且含有TP的试样水蒸气阻隔性变差。抗氧化性测试结果表明,加入质量分数为1%的TP后的片材抗氧化性显著提升,其抗氧化能力相当于质量浓度约为300mg/L的L-抗坏血酸(Vc)。结论 ATBC/PLA-TP复合片材性能良好且具备发展潜力。     

增塑剂对聚乳酸/热塑淀粉复合膜性能的影响

目的改善聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑淀粉(TPS)共混复合膜的使用性能。方法探究乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)和环氧大豆油(ESO)2类增塑剂对复合膜力学性能、透湿性、透光性、微观结构及热力学性能的影响。结果增塑剂的添加可显著改变复合膜力学性能,当ATBC添加量(质量分数)从10%升至20%时,复合膜断裂伸长率增加38倍,而抗拉强度仅为前者的36%。单一ATBC或ESO的添加对复合膜透湿性及透光性影响基本一致,且优于复合增塑剂效果。增塑剂对复合膜体系能够起到一定增容效果,但会造成热分解起始温度下降。对于单一增塑剂,ATBC的增塑效果更为优良;ATBC和ESO复合增塑剂虽具有一定协同作用,但由于二者相容性较差,在总添加量相同的情况下,其对复合膜的增塑作用相较于单一ATBC未展现出明显优势。结论 ATBC添加量为20%的复合膜拥有最佳综合性能。     

聚乳酸的增塑改性

采用溶液共混法,以聚乙二醇(PEG)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)作为增塑剂,对聚左旋乳酸(PLA)进行增塑改性.用综合热分析仪对改性PLA的热性能进行了表征.讨论了不同的增塑剂及其用量对改性PLA性能的影响:当增塑剂的含量增加时,改性PLA的强度下降,伸长率增加,并逐渐由脆性向韧性转变;玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和熔点(Tm)下降.当增塑剂的质量比≤20%时,共混物各组分间有较好的相容性.PEG400改性的PLA效果较好.     

碳酸钙填充对PVC增塑糊黏度的影响

文章研究了碳酸钙(CaCO_3)未填充和填充情况下,3种不同生产方法、相近聚合度的聚氯乙烯(PVC)糊树脂在对苯二甲酸二辛脂(DOTP)和乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯(ATBC)2种增塑体系中的黏度性能,以及黏度性能与增塑糊中粒子颗粒形态关系。结果表明,无论CaCO_3填充与否,增塑糊黏度在DOTP体系下均比ATBC的大,主要与增塑剂分子结构有关;未填充CaCO_3时,增塑糊黏度性能主要受PVC糊树脂和增塑剂间相容性的影响,3种糊树脂与DOTP的相容性均比ATBC的好;填充CaCO_3后,几种增塑糊黏度均增大,黏度性能主要受相容性和树脂与CaCO_3粒子颗粒形貌的共同影响。     

增塑剂种类对淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

分别以乙二醇、甘油、聚乙二醇400和甲酰胺为增塑剂对淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料进行增塑处理,研究增塑剂种类对淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM、TGA以及旋转流变仪对复合材料的相容性进行了表征,并测试了复合材料的熔融指数、力学性能和吸水率。结果表明,增塑剂对淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料的相容性改善效果依次为甘油甲酰胺乙二醇聚乙二醇400。淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料的力学性能和吸水率受相容性影响,呈现相容性越好,力学强度越大,断裂伸长率越大,吸水率越低的趋势。醇类增塑剂增塑复合材料的熔融流动性随着分子链增长逐渐变差,而甲酰胺增塑复合材料的熔融流动性过大。     

高直链玉米淀粉全降解片材的制备

以高直链玉米淀粉(HACS)为原料,通过与二氧化碳树脂共混塑炼制备全降解片材.探讨了淀粉与二氧化碳树脂不同配比和增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)以及聚乙二醇(PEG)等添加剂的用量对材料性能的影响.结果表明,片材力学性能比普通淀粉效果要好,同时当DOP用量为1mL,PEG 6000用量为2g时,材料的性能指标最佳.     

淀粉/聚乳酸挤出片材的制备及性能

采用挤出工艺制备了淀粉/聚乳酸复合片材。通过拉伸强度、断裂伸长率并结合断面形貌研究了淀粉结构、淀粉用量、硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)及甘油增塑剂的用量对挤出淀粉/聚乳酸复合片材性能的影响。结果表明,采用接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的改性淀粉作为填充剂,并添加适量KH-550硅烷偶联剂和甘油增塑剂及采用造粒后共挤等工艺可有效改善淀粉/聚乳酸复合片材的兼容性,提高复合材料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,当改性淀粉含量为20份时样品的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最大,分别为35.3 MPa和37%。     

不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇增塑聚乳酸共混物的制备与性能

文中探究不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇(PEG)对聚乳酸(PLA)增塑改性的影响。采用转矩流变仪、万能试验机、差示扫描量热分析、动态力学、热重分析、旋转流变仪等测试表征方法对共混材料的增塑效果、力学性能、热行为、流变行为进行分析。实验结果表明,PEG可有效增塑PLA,PEG相对分子质量越低增塑效果越好,可以使PLA的塑化时间从250 s降低到128 s;加入PEG后,共混物的拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率提高,PEG相对分子质量越低,拉伸强度下降越明显;PEG的加入使PLA的T_g和T_(cc)降低20℃左右,而T_m有所提高,其中低相对分子质量PEG可以更好地促进PLA结晶,但是随着PEG的加入共混体系的热分解温度降低,相对分子质量越低,热分解温度降低越明显;流变实验表明共混体系的复数黏度(η*)、储能模量(G')及损耗模量(G')的变化随PEG相对分子质量的减小下降越明显。     

低聚醚/聚氨酯固体电解质的形态及离子导电性能

采用聚氧化乙烯或聚二氧戊环作为增塑剂对分别以聚四氢呋喃（PTHF）和聚己二酸乙二醇酯（EGEGPU）为软段的聚氨酯固体电解质体系进行了共混增塑，并对所得固体电解质体系的形态和离子导电性能进行了讨论，结果表明，低聚醚可以作为增塑剂而有效地改善聚氨酯固体电解质体系的链段柔顺性及聚集形态，从而提高体系的离子导电性能，PEG可以对EGPU固体电解质体系进行有效的增塑改性，其中EGPU132－PEG600－12的离子电导率在室温下可以达到10^-5S/cm以上；PDXL对EGPU固体电解质增塑改性效果较差，但是PDXL是PTHFPU固体电解质体系的有效的增塑剂。     

果蔬用泡沫箱中挥发性有机物的迁移特性

目的 研究果蔬用聚苯乙烯泡沫箱中挥发性有机物的迁移情况,对食物接触泡沫箱后的安全性进行评估.方法 采集不同来源的泡沫箱,先用乙酸(体积分数为4％)和乙醇(体积分数为10％)对其进行模拟液迁移实验,然后选取迁移量较高的挥发性有机物进行实物迁移实验,检测挥发性有机物的迁移量.结果 模拟液的迁移实验中检出间二甲苯、对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、乙苯和1,3-丁二烯均有不同程度的迁移,并且体积分数为10％的乙醇作为迁移液时迁移值较高,苯乙烯在体积分数为10％的乙醇中迁移量最高;实物迁移实验中邻二甲苯在橙子中未检出,苯乙烯在橙子中的迁移量随着温度的升高,贮藏时间越长,迁移量越高.菜心检出了邻二甲苯,并且迁移量同样随着温度和时间的增加而呈现上升趋势,樱桃番茄中未检出挥发性有机物的迁移.结论 泡沫箱中苯乙烯、邻二甲苯在模拟液中的迁移量较高,并且在较高温度、较长时间接触橙子和菜心后可能会大量迁移,对人体健康产生风险.     

ATBC含量对PLA/PCL复合包装膜性能的影响

目的研究增容剂含量对PLA/PCL复合包装膜性能的影响。方法将不同含量的乙酰柠檬酸三丁脂(ATBC)加入到PLA和PCL树脂中,并搅拌均匀,而后熔融挤出,先造粒后吹膜制得ATBC/PLA/PCL共混膜。对制得的包装膜进行扫描电镜分析,观察其微观断面,并进行力学性能测试,以获得其断裂伸长率和拉伸强度,采用DSC测试分析其熔融结晶行为,并进行氧气透过性测试,以获得其阻隔性能。结果 ATBC对改善PLA与PCL的相容性具有积极作用,显著提高了复合膜的断裂伸长率,从6%提高到250%;随着ATBC含量的增加,复合膜的氧气透过性能先增大后降低,并对复合膜的玻璃化转变温度和熔融温度有影响。结论当ATBC的质量占树脂总质量的8%时,共混膜具有最佳的性能。     

Effect of the molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol) on the plasticization of green sheets composed of ultrafine BaTiO3 particles and poly(vinyl butyral)

The effect of the molecular weight (MW) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the plasticization of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) binder in green BaTiO₃ sheets prepared with PEG with MW values of 400 and 1530 was investigated. The MW of PEG had a profound effect on the rheological properties of the suspension as well as the physical properties of the green sheet. The suspension viscosity decreased with decreasing MW of PEG for shear rates above 4 s⁻¹. PEG 400 gave rise to a higher degree of plasticization of the green sheet than PEG 1530. This was due to the reduction in hydrogen bonding between the vinyl alcohol units in the PVB binder in the green BaTiO₃ sheet, as identified by FT-IR spectroscopy. As the MW of the PEG decreased, the green BaTiO₃ sheets exhibited a lower glass transition temperature, and a noticeably more ductile behavior. These results indicate that the green sheets became more flexible due to a higher plasticizing effect. However, laminated green BaTiO₃ sheets prepared with PEG 1530 showed delamination defects that were observed at a cut surface, which arose because of the low plasticization. This suggests that PEG 1530 has limited utilization as a plasticizer for the BaTiO₃/PVB binder system.     

The effects of plasticizers on the release of metoprolol tartrate from granules coated with a polymethacrylate film

For coating metoprolol tartrate granules, coating dispersions of Eudragit RS 30 D containing 6%, 12%, or 18% (based on polymer weight) of one of the following plasticizers were used: polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), propylene glycol (PG), tributyl citrate (TBC), and triethyl citrate (TEC). The release of metoprolol tartrate from these coated granules was determined at pH 1.2 and 7.4. Slower release resulted from the use of each plasticizer, being slower with increasing concentration of the plasticizer. Release was faster with the more water soluble PEG400 and PG than with TBC and TEC. pH-dependent release was observed with PEG400, PG, and TBC, while TEC gave pH-independent release of drug.     

Variation of composition of an enteric formulation based on Kollicoat MAE 30 D

Using a formulation described previously with Kollicoat MAE 30 D as the film-forming agent, the effect of variations in plasticizer type and quantity and talc concentration on the preparation and processing of spray-coating suspensions and the properties of isolated films and film-coated caffeine tablets prepared using them was investigated. In the preparation and processing of spray-coating suspensions, the plasticizers polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, PEG1500, and TEC (triethyl citrate) tended to coagulate at all concentrations investigated, while Cremophor RH 40 coagulated above 10% (expressed as a percentage of the mass of the film-forming agent used). Analogous preparations using propylene glycol (PG), PEG6000, and Lutrol F 68, on the other hand, were found to be stable at all concentrations. The instability was not caused by the Kollicoat MAE 30 D polymer dispersion as such, but by interactions between the finely dispersed pigments and other formulation ingredients. Equivalent nonpigmented preparations are stable and do not coagulate. With all the plasticizers investigated, the minimum film-forming temperature (MFT) fell, albeit to differing degrees, as the amount of plasticizer increased. Similarly, the tensile strength of isolated films declined as plasticizer concentration increased, while the reverse was true as regards their elongation at break. Whereas neither the subsequent disintegration time nor the rate of release of active ingredient at pH 6.8 was significantly affected by the various plasticizer additives, the different film-coated tablet formulations with a core containing a powerful disintegrant exhibited varying degrees of permeability to simulated gastric fluid. With PEG6000, permeability increased as the plasticizer concentration increased, while Lutrol F 68 provided an optimum barrier at 20%, and PG provided a good barrier between 10% and 30%. No gastroresistance was obtained with TEC at 10%. Only the best plasticizer formulations were used in the trials with different talc concentrations, namely, those formulations with 20% PEG6000, 20% Lutrol F 68, 20% PG, and 10% PG. When talc was added, the MFT rose, reaching its maximum at 13% talc (as a proportion of the film-forming agent). In the test for gastroresistance, film-coated caffeine tablets without talc absorbed distinctly more acid than those containing talc. Above 27% talc, the acid resistance improved only insignificantly. On the other hand, during this test, only a maximum of 3% of the active ingredient was released into the gastric juice. Of the variants investigated, the formulation with 20% PG and 27% talc performed best.     

聚乳酸/热塑性淀粉/POE-g-GMA共混材料的制备和性能

采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）接枝（乙烯/辛烯）共聚物（GPOE）作为增韧剂,利用Haake转矩流变仪熔融制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/热塑性淀粉（TPS）/GPOE共混材料。通过拉伸、冲击、动态热力学、差示扫描量热、扫描电镜等方法对共混材料进行研究：PLA共混材料伸长率可达到400%左右,冲击性能有大幅提高;TPS中甘...