转炉溅渣效果与渣中固相物质状态的关系

转炉溅渣效果与吹氮音平值有一定的关系，通过冷态模拟和三元相图的分析以及观察转炉溅渣现场，确认溅渣音平值和溅渣效果与溅渣时渣中固相物质比例和固相颗粒大小有关。     

宝钢300t转炉音平控渣技术的开发与应用

简要介绍了音平控渣的基本原理 ,叙述了宝钢 30 0t转炉音平控渣技术的开发和应用情况 ,表明了音平控渣技术对提高转炉操作人员水平、减少喷溅具有的积极作用     

音平控渣技术在梅钢转炉的应用

简要介绍了转炉音平控渣技术的基本原理、设备及其组成和软件及系统功能,以实例分析形式叙述了梅钢转炉音平控渣技术的应用情况,表明音平控渣技术对提高转炉操作人员水平、减少喷溅尤其降低钢铁料消耗具有积极作用。     

转炉溅渣护炉技术的工艺参数优化

着重对溅渣护炉技术的工艺参数优化过程进行了探讨，确立了溅渣调渣原则，对转炉留渣量、出钢温度、氮气压力和流量，溅渣枪位与时间、溅渣率等工艺参数的控制进行了分析，指出了湘钢条件下的溅渣工艺参数的适宜范围。     

转炉音平检测化渣的计算机处理工艺试验总结

早在七十年代,卢森堡的阿尔贝德钢厂就开始对转炉音平检测装置进行了研究,他们使用音平并配以全气体分析计算渣子的吸氧速率,使用计算机成功地对吹炼进行控制。上海工业大学在八十年代初开始进行音平检测化渣的研究工作,并试制成第一代音平检测仪。85年、86年与上钢五厂共同进行工业性研究,取得了较好的效果。87年开始上钢五厂和上海工大共同承担了《转炉音平检测的计算机处理》课题,在原有基础上增     

低碳低磷钢溅渣工艺技术研究

文中从溅渣用炉渣要求、溅渣加料时机及种类、溅渣工艺参数、溅渣过程中几类现象开展溅渣工艺技术研究,提出溅渣用炉渣要求在一定温度范围内,具有较好的流动性、粘性、抗高温侵蚀性.围绕炉渣要求,对溅渣加料时机、种类进行研究,得出低碳低磷钢溅渣过程应以熟料为主,以增加渣中碳和镁的物料为主.在提高溅渣量和溅渣效果方面,通过溅渣水模型实验,研究了枪位、顶底吹流量、渣量对溅渣的影响,得出对溅渣量和溅渣效果影响因素大小排序为枪位、渣量、顶吹流量,而底吹流量变化对溅渣量和溅渣效果无影响.实际溅渣作业过程中存在较多问题,如溅渣加料不固定、溅渣枪位不规范等,各厂应根据自身情况开发自动溅渣模型,实现自动加料和自动溅渣,参考溅渣水模型实验结论动态控制渣量、枪位等参数,以保证溅渣后炉型规则、炉壁溅渣层厚度均匀.     

双联炼钢工艺脱碳炉溅渣护炉工艺优化

介绍了唐山不锈钢脱碳炉溅渣护炉工艺优化实践。分析了双联工艺条件下脱碳炉炉渣特点和高氧化性渣对炉衬和溅渣层侵蚀的影响。通过改善终渣成分,优化溅渣工艺参数等措施,提高了溅渣层的抗侵蚀能力,获得了良好的效果。     

承钢20吨氧气顶吹转炉溅渣护炉工艺研究

阐述了承钢在采用溅渣护炉工艺过程中存的问题，通过采取一系列技术改造，对溅渣护炉工艺进行了优化，取得了较好效果。     

100t顶底复吹转炉溅渣护炉控制实践

对转炉炉衬溅渣层的结合机理和侵蚀机理进行了深入研究,并分析了对影响溅渣的各种工艺因素。通过对转炉渣系的分析,调整溅渣护炉的工艺参数,优化溅渣护炉的工艺条件,达到了质量和成本最优的目标。     

转炉冶炼低碳钢时的溅渣护炉技术

从转炉溅渣护炉机理角度,对炉衬损坏、终渣调整、溅渣工艺参数进行了探讨,改进冶炼低碳钢时的操作工艺,优化溅渣护炉工艺,提高了溅渣层的抗侵蚀能力,延长了炉衬寿命。     

Formation of flaws on account of nonmetallic inclusions in the slabs during rolling

The influence of steel casting on the defects of rolled products at OAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat (MMK) is investigated. In particular, the influence of the slag-forming mixture used in the intermediate ladle and in the mold on defects of the cold-rolled sheet is studied. A new composition of the slagforming mixture employed in the mold reduces the rejection of cold-rolled sheet due to smelting defects.     

硅钙合金生产工艺中抑制成渣反应的试验研究

采用差热分析的实验方法,研究了使用石灰石代替石灰进行硅钙合金冶炼的可能性。实验结果分析表明：成渣反应的反应温度和生成物均不因石灰和硅石配比的不同而改变,起始反应温度均小于406℃;石灰石和硅石的起始反应温度大于730℃,有利于抑制成渣反应的进行。     

溅渣护炉和底部透气砖的维护

对转炉工艺溅渣护炉中影响底吹的因素进行了分析,通过优化工艺操作取得了良好的底吹透气效果.     

Environmental and personal monitoring of exposure to urban noise and community response

Noise exposure of a population sample living in a city in northern Italy (Genoa) was assessed by measuring the noise in the area as well as with personal sound detectors. Sampling was conducted during a standard day and covered a period of time spent out-of-doors, at work (service sector) and at home. Ambient noise at home and at work was assessed with sound-level meters, personal exposure levels were assessed with personal sound-level/dosimeters. Information regarding each environment was obtained with an interview including also a subjective judgement on traffic intensity and noise levels. The mean individual equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) of recorded noise was 74.5 dB(A) for 24 h and 63.9 dB(A) at night. A further distinction was made between noise exposure at home (Leq 74.4), work (Leq 74.0) and during city transfers (Leq 79.3). Leq values for individual hours, Leq daytime (Leq, d), Leq nighttime (Leq,n) and Leq day-night (Ldn) indices calculated in the different environments, i.e. at work, home and out-of-doors, are reported here. Individual noise levels have then been compared with environmental data and with subjective noise exposure judgement.     

安钢150t转炉氧枪粘钢原因分析及改进

针对安钢150t转炉在冶炼过程中经常出现氧枪粘钢的问题,从入炉原材料质量、溅渣护炉操作、枪位控制等方面进行分析、研究。安钢通过采取相应改进措施,使氧枪粘钢状况得到明显改善。     

低温高硫钒钛铁水脱硫工艺优化与实践

针对攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司低温高硫钒钛铁水特点,分析了喷粉脱硫堵枪、脱硫率低、喷溅较大的原因,提出了优化改进办法,并做了大量生产试验,在解决堵枪和脱硫率、喷溅等问题的同时,大幅度降低了脱硫成本。     

铁水预处理过程稳定控制实践

针对鞍钢股份有限公司炼钢总厂三分厂低硫钢种铁水预处理硫含量高、喷溅和扒损严重等问题,采取了喷枪定位、优化扒渣方法以及应用工业盐等措施,采取上述措施后,喷溅比例降低了68%,高钒钛铁水扒损降低了58.4%。     

浅析水钢100t转炉喷溅的控制措施

喷溅是转炉炼钢吹炼过程中经常出现的一种现象,喷溅不仅带走大量的金属损失,而且冒烟污染环境。水钢为了进一步降低铁前成本,炼铁采用部分价格相对较低的钒钛磁铁矿,铁水中钛含量大幅上升,Ti氧化生成TiO2的过程,对转炉喷溅影响较大,导致喷溅的进一步增加。本文分析了喷溅产生的根本原因尧铁水中Ti氧化的反应机理等问题,通过转炉冶炼过程的操作调整,进一步降低了转炉喷溅,水钢100 t转炉金属喷溅率从5.23%降低至2.85%,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

RH真空室积钢渣原因分析及解决措施

分析了鞍钢股份有限公司鲅鱼圈钢铁分公司RH真空室积钢渣的原因,主要为RH处理前期碳氧反应激烈,造成喷溅及铝氧升温过程颗粒物在热顶盖处积聚造成粘渣。通过优化生产工艺和操作,采用RH真空度控制、优化预脱氧工艺、控制提升气体流量及降低铝氧升温比例和幅度,使真空室内积钢渣情况得到明显改善。     

Mass Transfer and Weld Appearance of 316L Stainless Steel Covered Electrode During Shielded Metal Arc Welding

The mass transfer and the weld appearance of 316L stainless steel covered electrodes during shielded metal arc welding were investigated. According to the experimental measurements on the deposited metal and the observations on the welding process, the mass transfer coefficient of the nickel was found to be in the range of 88.09 to 99.41 pct, while those of molybdenum, chromium, manganese, and silicon are in the ranges of 84.60 to 92.51 pct, 71.59 to 77.64 pct, 20.88 to 30.15 pct, and 6.72 to 10.47 pct, respectively. Some relationships between the mass transfer and the flux coating ingredient/welding current were established. The formability properties of the weld, including the spreadability, spattering, slag detachability, and oxidation tint on the weld surface, were also discussed based on the tested data and the observations.