烯丙基酚醛树脂固化行为的研究

利用酚醛树脂与氯丙烯反应,合成出了烯丙基酚醛树脂（APF）,并对其固化过程进行了研究。结果表明,烯丙基酚醛树脂不仅能溶于极性溶剂,还能溶于非极性溶剂,其起始固化温度为180℃,比普通的酚醛树脂高。烯丙基酚醛树脂的固化窗口为44℃,其固化是通过双键的加成反应来实现的,固化后树脂为连续相结构。     

一种氧化叔胺化合物在热敏材料体系中的作用

利用双氧水将无色结晶紫分子中的叔胺基团氧化,得到含三个氧化叔胺基团的结晶紫氧化物(OLCV),并通过TGA和DSC测试其热稳定性。将OLCV作为助剂添加到一种基于酚醛树脂的热敏树脂体系中,发现其具有很强的阻溶性,并测定加入量对热敏树脂的碱溶性影响,研究了该种氧化叔胺化合物的在热敏体系中的可能应用。     

碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料界面改性方法的研究

为了改善碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料的界面性能,采用表面氧化、表面接枝、偶联剂、表面涂层等方法对碳纤维进行表面处理,探讨了各种方法对非极性聚芳基乙炔树脂基复合材料的界面改性效果。研究表明,纤维表面氧化处理后有利于碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料界面性能的改善,在此基础上通过表面接枝及表面偶联剂处理在纤维表面引入可与基体树脂发生反应的基团,可以达到非极性树脂基复合材料界面改性的目的。极性的高碳酚醛树脂可以更好地浸润氧化后的纤维表面,并且与聚芳基乙炔树脂在结构上相似,因此作为涂层处理纤维表面后可以明显提高材料的界面性能,该方法适于进行3D织物的改性处理,是较为理想的处理方案。     

五氧化二锑乙醇分散液的制备方法

本发明公开了属于化工材料制备技术范围的一种五氧化二锑乙醇分散液的制备方法。将三氧化二锑、分散稳定剂加入乙醇中，用过氧化氢将三氧化二锑氧化为五氧化二锑，反应液经浓缩、脱水、浓缩，即制得五氧化二锑质量分数大于5％的产物。所用分散稳定剂是由不同直链基团形成的叔胺类物质，用无水乙醇作脱水剂。产物以乙醇为分散介质，在强极性溶剂和弱极性溶剂中均能分散使用，克服了五氧化二锑水分散液只能在强极性溶剂中使用的局限性，拓宽了五氧化二锑作为阻燃添加剂的应用范围。该产品既具有颗粒细小的优点，     

SBS的环氧化改性及其在胶粘剂中的应用

利用SBS中丁二烯软段中的双键进行环氧化反,引入环氧基团进行化学改性，实验结果表明SBS环氧化反应以后，软硬段的溶度参数差距减小，其热力学性能的变化直接影响胶粘剂的内部结构和胶接性能，由于极性的增强，环氧化SBS与不同极性的树脂的相容性也发生了变化。环氧化SBS可与氯化石蜡，马来松香等制成环氧化SBS压敏胶，并且还可以与适当的树脂配合制成其他各种胶粘剂，粘接实验证明，环氧化SBS胶粘剂对极性材料的粘附性能有很大的改善，同时对环氧化SBS在胶粘剂中的应用进行了论述。     

水性环氧印铁涂料的研制

通过酮亚胺树脂与环氧树脂进行胺化反应、用酸中和得到水性环氧乳液,由该乳液与醇溶酚醛树脂、醛酮树脂或封闭异氰酸酯树脂配制的水性环氧印铁涂料,具有较好的耐溶剂性和耐蒸煮性.     

新型表面活性剂氧化叔胺的合成研究

介绍了用十二胺、甲酸和醛合成氧化叔胺的合成路线，氧化叔胺是一种新型非离子表面活性剂。经大量实验发现了影响反应的因素，并研究了叔胺及氧化叔胺的合成工艺条件。泡沫稳定实验显示氧化叔胺是一种较好的新型泡沫稳定剂及发泡剂。     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成

以二甲胺、烯丙基氯为原料,在相转移催化剂存在下进行反应,得到二甲基烯丙基胺(叔胺)和二甲胺盐酸盐。然后,分离出叔胺和二甲胺盐酸盐。叔胺在丙酮溶液中再和烯丙基氯反应得到二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC);二甲胺盐酸盐用强碱性离子交换树脂处理得到二甲胺水溶液,可作原料套用。考察了仲胺烃基化和叔胺烃基化的反应温度、反应时间以及加料方式对产物收率的影响。最终得到了不含氯化钠的固体二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵。收率由文献中所报道的56 1%提高到70 2%。     

可见光固化树脂的固化性能的研究

研究了在532nm激光条件下，环氧丙烯酸树脂的光固化过程。实验表明：光引发剂质量分数为4％时，临界曝光量Ec最小；随着叔胺质量分数的和有机色素质量分数的增加，临界曝光量逐渐增加；激光能量越大，临界曝光量越小，激光能量大于400mW时，激光能量增加对临界曝光量几乎无影响。     

长链烷基双季铵盐型树脂的制备及其杀菌性能

以氯甲基聚苯乙烯表面的苄氯基为反应活性中心,四甲基乙二胺与其反应,得到同时含有季铵和叔胺的强-弱碱型树脂,然后以异丙醇为溶剂,用1-溴代十二烷将强-弱碱型树脂中的叔胺季铵化,制得长链烷基双季铵盐型杀菌树脂。用正交实验方法,考察了反应时间、反应温度及1-溴代十二烷与异丙醇体积比对季铵化反应的影响,用极差分析法得到季铵化反应的适宜条件:反应时间24 h,反应温度70℃,V(1-溴代十二烷)∶V(异丙醇)=2∶1,n(1-溴代十二烷)∶n(强-弱碱型树脂)=3∶1,制得长链烷基量为0.91 mmol/g的双季铵盐型树脂。原料氯甲基聚苯乙烯及各步反应产物的结构及其表面的化学组成,通过红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱等进行了表征,对照谱图说明了各步反应的进行并确认了其产物结构。考察了所制杀菌树脂对异养菌的杀菌活性。结果表明,杀菌树脂用量为20 g/L时,1 h内对异养菌的杀菌率可达97%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。