深圳市餐厨垃圾无害化处理和资源化利用现状及建议

通过查阅相关资料,总结了国内外餐厨垃圾处理现状,分析深圳市餐厨垃圾特点、处理现状,针对餐厨垃圾无害化处理和资源化利用,从政策、技术和宣传教育三个方面提出了建议,为深圳市餐厨垃圾处理设施的建设提供参考。     

东莞市餐厨垃圾产生现状与处理对策探讨

本文阐述了东莞市餐厨垃圾处理的现状,指出了对餐厨垃圾处理的重要性;比较了现有的5种处理餐厨垃圾的方法。     

东莞市餐厨垃圾处理模式探讨

文章首先对东莞市餐厨垃圾的现状和国内外餐厨垃圾处理技术进行详细的论述,并结合东莞市实际情况,对东莞市餐厨垃圾处理设施的建设,包括工艺技术选择、处理规模、工程选址等方面进行了初步探讨,最后结合实际提出了一种适合东莞市餐厨垃圾的处理模式。     

中国餐厨垃圾处理技术现状与展望

餐厨垃圾是广泛存在的有机废物,具有污染性和资源性。文章对餐厨垃圾的主要处理技术的进展进行了综述,分析各种处理技术的优缺点,并针对技术的缺点,阐明餐厨垃圾处理技术未来的发展,应该结合我国国情,从生态学、经济学和社会性的角度思考,充分考虑餐厨垃圾的资源性价值,以实现餐厨垃圾处理的无害化、减量化和资源化的目的。     

餐厨垃圾协同生活垃圾焚烧处理技术探讨

餐厨垃圾协同生活垃圾焚烧处理技术是目前我国中小规模餐厨垃圾处理项目的主流技术,该技术可使餐厨垃圾得到有效的减量化、资源化处置。本文通过对比国内主要的餐厨垃圾处理技术,分析了餐厨垃圾协同生活垃圾焚烧处理技术的工艺组成和技术优势。通过餐厨垃圾协同生活垃圾焚烧处理,可以达到“设施共用、技术协同”,有效提高处理效率及降低投资与运行成本,实现经济与环境效益的双赢。     

餐厨垃圾饲料化现状研究

养殖昆虫处理餐厨垃圾是近年来最为火热的餐厨垃圾饲料化技术,昆虫卓越的转化能力可以有效实现餐厨垃圾资源化。本文通过介绍与对比餐厨垃圾饲料化的三种处理方式,挑选了安全性最高的昆虫转化法,通过介绍昆虫的特性与近些年来的应用现状等方面进行综述,将餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵工艺与昆虫转化技术相结合,提高餐厨垃圾处理能力,提高厌氧发酵工艺的经济效益,为餐厨垃圾处理提供了新思路。     

餐厨垃圾就地处理设备的应用

近年来,国内餐饮行业的茁壮发展伴随着垃圾分类政策的迅速推行,促使餐厨垃圾的产生量正呈现一个膨胀式增长的趋势,这也导致餐厨垃圾处理这一环保行业的新兴细分领域的出现以及随之而来的垃圾处理的巨大缺口。本文介绍了广东省某市餐厨垃圾处理试点的运行情况,以及餐厨垃圾就地处理设备在试点处理站中的实际处理效果。     

餐厨垃圾沼液的深度处理

以广东某餐厨垃圾处理项目厌氧发酵后的沼液深度处理为例,论证了MBR+芬顿处理作为餐厨垃圾沼液深度处理工艺的可行性,分析了MBR+芬顿深度处理餐厨垃圾沼液的工艺、工艺单体设计参数、运行状况及运行费用。实践表明,MBR+芬顿处理工艺作为餐厨垃圾沼液深度处理的方法切实可行,本项目对餐厨垃圾沼液处理系统的设计具有很好的借鉴意义。     

厌氧消化系统在餐厨垃圾中的应用

针对餐厨垃圾的成分、组分和生理生化分析测试,并对目前国内的餐厨垃圾处理工艺的比较分析,对比餐厨垃圾处理工程的设计重点和难点,以工业化生产为目的,解决餐厨垃圾对环境的污染,为工农业提供各类产品,同时带来巨大的社会效益和经济效益,该工艺操作简单可行,易于控制,具有广阔的应用前景。     

利用水泥窑协同处理餐厨垃圾系统

人们生活水平不断提高,生活垃圾的产生量逐年增大。利用水泥窑协同处理餐厨垃圾系统通过对餐厨垃圾进行组分分离、综合运用,实现餐厨垃圾的无害化处理,达到对废物资源转化利用的目的。溧阳市水泥窑协同餐厨垃圾处理工程的实施极大地改善了当地的环境质量,带来了良好的城市环境与社会效益。     

三聚氰胺装置滞留液加热器堵塞原因分析

三聚氰胺装置超滤系统的滞留液加热器投入运行后频繁堵塞，经常造成高压废水处理工段断料，使系统大幅波动。经过研究、分析、试验，对换热器进行改造。在增加一个螺旋板式换热器后，发现其更适合滞留液的输送，运行十分稳定，没有再次发生堵塞的现象，基本解决了问题。     

A Versatile and Quantitative Volatile-Delivery System for Laboratory Bioassays

A versatile moving-air system is described for delivering volatiles into a wind tunnel or other bioassay device. The system controls up to four volatile sources at one time. There is a calibrated, adjustable splitter for each source so that any percentage of a source's airstream, or none of it, can be directed to the system outlet at any moment. Thus, the system allows the sample volatiles to be bioassayed in any order and at any level or in mixtures of any desired proportions. Volatile sources of many types can be used, including single chemicals in slow-release formulations, mixtures of chemicals, or volatiles from living organisms. The volatile stream can be sampled by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) just before it enters the wind tunnel. Analysis of the SPME sample by gas chromatography allows absolute delivery rates of volatile components to be calculated. System performance was characterized with physical measurements and with bioassay experiments involving Carpophilus humeralis (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). One bioassay experiment demonstrated how volatiles from a microbial culture (fermenting bread dough) and a synthetic counterpart (an aqueous solution of acetaldehyde, ethanol, 1-propanol, isobutanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and ethyl acetate) could be compared at a range of dose levels, with just one sample of each type. These natural and synthetic volatile sources delivered very similar amounts of the above compounds and produced nearly identical dose–response curves. In another experiment, three bread dough volatiles (ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate) were tested in mixtures. Each component was used at four different levels (giving a total of 64 experimental treatments), but just one physical sample was needed for each chemical. The experiment provided clear information about response thresholds and interactions among these host volatiles. The volatile delivery system is versatile, easy to operate, and can be constructed from inexpensive materials.     

Unstable Operation in an Acetaldehyde Purification Tower

There are many reasons, such as an inappropriate control system, improper hydraulic design, and operational faults, which can make a tower unstable. In this case, with the aid of simulation and checks on the control system, it has been confirmed using the foaming test that instability is due to foaming in the system. The method described in this article can be used for any separation system with instability problems.     

Prediction of equilibrium liquid compositions from dew-point measurements for ternary systems

A simple calculation procedure is developed which permits the prediction of bubble-point compositions from dew-point measurements for ternary systems at low pressures.The proposed method is equally applicable to isothermal and isobaric data. It does not require any calculation of liquid activity coefficients and their correlation by means of an integrated Gibbs-Dubem equation, nor does it require any supporting physical properties of the pure components constituting the ternary system.Calculation of the bubble-point compositions from the dew-point data for the ternary system methyl ethyl ketone-n-heptane-toluene at 760 torr is carried out to serve as an illustration of the proposed method.     

The ascend-II system—a flowsheeting application of a successive quadratic programming methodology

This paper describes ASCEND-II, an interactive equation based flowsheeting system capable of doing performance, design and optimization calculations with comparable ease. The optimization capability is a new, as yet unpublished, successive quadratic programming method operating in the reduced space which is the size of the degrees of freedom for the problem. Its performance is very encouraging.We spend considerable time describing the ASCEND-II system details because we believe the concepts underlying it make the system a powerful aid for design. It allows one to evolve toward the solution to a problem by allowing one to add and delete model complexity, interactively alter which variables are to be calculated and which fixed, single step through the convergence of a model, move easily from design to optimization and back, use any variable as an objective to be maximized or minimized, and to place an upper or lower bound on any variable desired.     

基于分形理论的陶瓷材料显微组织模拟

利用VB开发工具,开发出基于二维和三维系统单相、复相陶瓷材料显微组织及其演变的仿真模拟软件,其主要包括三个模块:二维系统仿真模块、三维系统仿真模块和显微结构定量分析模块;可实现二维和三维的显微组织仿真图像输出,并且可方便地观察空间任意角度截面显微组织及其演变;应用分形理论、拓扑学等方法,对显微结构进行了定量分析,得到晶粒数及平均体积等参数与仿真时间MCS的变化关系。     

VB开发系统中安全性的设计与实现

主要讨论在计算机软件应用系统中安全性的处理及其实现。对于任何应用系统 ,安全性是衡量系统性能的一个重要标准 ,而对一些用户接口设置密码则是保证系统安全的重要手段。结合作者在实际应用中的体会 ,根据某些算法 ,对用户密码进行了加密处理以及对加密后的数据进行了保护 ,并介绍如何在VB中实现     

CRISPR-Cas9: A Revolutionary Tool for Cancer Modelling

The cancer-modelling field is now experiencing a conversion with the recent emergence of the RNA-programmable CRISPR-Cas9 system, a flexible methodology to produce essentially any desired modification in the genome. Cancer is a multistep process that involves many genetic mutations and other genome rearrangements. Despite their importance, it is difficult to recapitulate the degree of genetic complexity found in patient tumors. The CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing has been proven as a robust technology that makes it possible to generate cellular and animal models that recapitulate those cooperative alterations rapidly and at low cost. In this review, we will discuss the innovative applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate new models, providing a new way to interrogate the development and progression of cancers.     

基于有效能负荷分配法的调优策略

有效能是指能量中的可利用部分,而有效能分析法可揭示过程用能的本质特征。有效能负荷分配法关联全系统的总有效能效率与各子系统的有效能效率,并且与系统的结构无关,有效能效率—负荷图给出处理任何过程的一般方法。应用该方法对某乙醇制乙烯系统进行过程综合,使得系统的有效能效率提高28.8%,所需的有效能降低21.6%。