PVC/SEBS-g-MAH共混物制备及性能研究

采用机械共混法制备PVC/SEBS-MAH共混物。研究了增韧剂SEBS-MAH的加入量对共混物冲击性能和拉伸性能的影响。冲击实验和拉伸试验表明,随着SEBS加入量的增加,共混物的简支梁缺口冲击强度、断裂伸长率先提高后降低,而弹性模量、拉伸强度则降低;当SEBS加入量为6%时,共混物的断裂伸长率出现最大值,当SEBS加入量为8%时,共混物的简支梁缺口冲击强度出现最大值。     

TPV和纳米CaCO3协同增韧聚丙烯的研究

首先采用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/热塑性动态硫化橡胶(PP/TPV)二元共混物,进一步添加纳米CaCO₃制备了PP/TPV/纳米CaCO₃三元共混物。探究了TPV用量对PP/TPV二元共混物力学性能和微观形貌的影响,以及纳米CaCO₃用量对PP/TPV/纳米CaCO₃三元共混物的力学性能、微观形貌、耐热性能及晶型的影响。结果表明,TPV能够有效增韧PP,当TPV用量仅为5份时,PP/TPV二元共混物的冲击强度达到8.2kJ/m²,较PP增加了95%,同时拉伸强度仅下降了4%;纳米CaCO₃能够诱导PP中β晶型的生成,随着纳米CaCO₃在PP/TPV/纳米CaCO₃三元共混物中用量的增加,缺口冲击强度呈现先增加后下降的趋势,而拉伸强度变化不大。当纳米CaCO₃用量为3份时,三元共混物的抗冲击性能最好,同时耐热性能也得到提升,可应用于汽车、建筑等行业。     

聚苯乙烯/纳米二氧化钛复合材料的制备与表征

利用单螺杆挤出机和平板硫化机制备了聚苯乙烯/纳米二氧化钛(PS/纳米TiO₂)的共混物。研究了PS/纳米TiO₂(100/1.5)中聚苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PS-MAH)加入量对共混物的拉伸强度、冲击强度、微观结构的影响。结果表明:当PS-MAH加入PS/纳米TiO₂中20g时,共混物的拉伸强度达到最大值。紫外光照射实验结果表明,PS-MAH的加入可有效地提高PS/纳米TiO₂复合材料的抗老化性能,与PS/TiO₂复合材料相比拉伸强度提高30%。     

受阻酚封端聚氨酯/环氧树脂共混物阻尼材料的结构与性能

制备了系列受阻酚封端聚氨酯/环氧树脂(EP)共混物阻尼材料,研究了组成比和云母对共混物动态力学性能和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,EP的加入显著拓宽了阻尼温域和改善了阻尼性能,随着EP用量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度显著增加,但断裂伸长率降低。加入填料云母后,材料的阻尼性能和拉伸性能均有所提升。     

受阻酚封端聚氨酯/环氧树脂共混物阻尼材料的结构与性能EI北大核心CSCD

制备了系列受阻酚封端聚氨酯/环氧树脂(EP)共混物阻尼材料,研究了组成比和云母对共混物动态力学性能和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,EP的加入显著拓宽了阻尼温域和改善了阻尼性能,随着EP用量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度显著增加,但断裂伸长率降低。加入填料云母后,材料的阻尼性能和拉伸性能均有所提升。     

聚醚铵改性蒙脱土对纳米蒙脱土/聚丙烯复合材料微观结构的影响

采用自制的2种大层间距(层间距分别为6.72nm和8.66nm)的聚醚铵(POP)改性蒙脱土(MMT)OMMT1和O-MMT2,通过共混法与增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)或聚丙烯(PP)复合,考察了共混方法、共混时间、POP改性MMT的层间距及PP-g-MAH对MMT/PP-g-MAH和MMT/PP复合材料微观结构的影响。研究结果表明:由于O-MMT1具有较大的层间距,在溶液共混和熔融共混中,均能使MMT在PP-gMAH基体中发生剥离;随着共混时间延长,O-MMT1由插层型经过过渡状态向剥离型转变,最终可以获得完全剥离的纳米MMT/PP-g-MAH复合材料;在溶液共混的过渡态中存在大量"双层结构"的MMT片层;具有更大层间距的O-MMT2以及PP-g-MAH的加入均能更有效地促进MMT在PP基体中的剥离,从而获得完全剥离的纳米MMT/PP复合材料。     

纳米无机小分子物质对PVC/PVDF/PMMA共混膜性能的影响

讨论了纳米无机小分子物质TiO2、SiO2、Al2O3对PVC/PVDF/PMMA共混溶液的剪切黏度及其共混膜形态结构、水通量及机械性能等性能的影响,结果表明,无机小分子TiO2、SiO2、Al2O3的加入均能使PVC/PVDF/PMMA共混溶液的剪切粘度增加,但TiO2增加的程度最大,SiO2、Al2 O3增加的程度相当;纳米TiO2、SiO2、Al2O3对使PVC/PVDF/PMMA共混膜的水通量和韧性有较大程度的提高,且加入量为2％时,提高程度最大;SiO2、Al2O3对共混膜的结构有一定程度的影响,并使共混膜的拉伸强度略有降低,TiO2的加入对膜的结构没有太大的影响,但能使共混膜的拉伸强度略有提高.     

超临界CO2改性UHMWPE/PP共混物性能的研究

采用超临界CO2作为增塑剂,与聚丙烯(PP)结合对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)进行挤出共混,分析超临界CO2对其性能的影响.结果表明:随着螺杆转速的增加,共混物的拉伸强度呈下降趋势,冲击强度随着螺杆转速的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势.有超临界CO2条件下的共混物的力学强度值均高于无超临界条件下的.SEM照片显示,超临界CO2的加入使UHMWPE/PP共混物的界面模糊,相容性增加,且超临界CO2使共混物中出现少量的微孔,从而使制品密度降低但并没有影响其力学性能.DSC表征说明,超临界CO2的加入可以使共混物的结晶度增加.     

云母/聚丙烯共混物熔体的拉伸流变性能

采用双料筒毛细管流变仪和Haul-off牵伸设备, 研究了云母(Mica)/聚丙烯(PP)共混物在拉伸流场中的流变性能。结果表明: Mica/PP共混物熔体拉伸流动属于拉伸变稀型, 随着云母含量的增加, 熔体的表观拉伸黏度逐渐增大。熔体的拉伸应力和表观拉伸黏度均随温度的升高而下降。随着拉伸应变速率的提高, 熔体的拉伸应力增大, 表观拉伸黏度减小, 熔体拉伸流动活化能呈下降趋势。云母微粒的加入使聚丙烯熔体的拉伸模量明显增大, 但随着拉伸速度的提高, 共混熔体的拉伸模量下降显著。为了提高Mica/PP共混物的纺丝稳定性, 应严格控制好拉伸速度和加工温度。     

PLA/PMA/PEG共混改性研究

采用悬浮聚合的方法,以丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为反应单体制备珠粒状的聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA),然后采用熔融共混的方法,以PMA为增韧剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为增塑剂,石蜡为润滑剂来改性PLA,对改性后共混物的热性能和力学性能的研究。结果表明:PMA与PLA相容性好。PMA对PLA有增韧作用,添加25份的PMA时,PLA共混材料的冲击强度为58.90kJ/m2,是纯PLA的4.9倍;随着PMA用量的增加,共混物的断裂伸长率提高;拉伸强度先升高后降低,PMA加入量在12.5份时,共混物的拉伸强度达到最大。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Core-current-enhanced domain-wall pinning in nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon

We have studied the influence of surface fields H/sub p/ (generated by either direct or alternating core current) on soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon. While in an amorphous ribbon the coercive field H/sub c/ decreases with H/sub p/, in the same optimally annealed ribbon (H/sub c/=1.3 A/m, M/sub m//spl ap/M/sub s/) H/sub c/ increases with H/sub p/ for all the explored types of H/sub p/ (static and dynamic with different phases with respect to that of the magnetizing field H). The unexpected increase of H/sub c/ in nanocrystalline ribbon is associated with the influence of H/sub p/ on the surface and main (inner) domain structure. Here, we develop a model that takes into account this influence and explains the experimental results.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.