导电聚合物有序超薄膜合成工艺的优化

采用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)诱导沉积方法制备了不同层数的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)/聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT-PSS)导电复合膜。首次研究了十八胺(ODA)和十八胺/硬脂酸(SA)离子化单分子膜在PEDOT-PSS纳米粒子亚相及ODA/PEDOT-PSS组装体在纯水亚相上的成膜行为。实验表明:PEDOT-PSS纳米粒子对单分子层具有包裹作用,形成了稳定的复合单分子膜;不同膜压下制备的膜表面形貌不同,较高膜压下得到颗粒紧密排列的薄膜,亚相温度23℃,PEDOT-PSS浓度1×10-4mol/L,压缩速率5 mm/min,拉膜速率为1 mm/min的条件下薄膜具有较好的成膜性能。     

导电水凝胶微纤维的微流控制备及应变传感性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为柔性基材,选用具有优良导电特性的聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)-聚(苯乙烯磺酸)(PEDOT-PSS)和氯化锂(LiCl)作为导电材料,应用微流控技术可控产生的喷射液流为模板,通过快速界面交联反应连续可控制得PVA/PEDOT-PSS导电水凝胶微纤维,研究了PVA/PEDOT-PSS导电水凝胶微纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:PVA/PEDOT-PSS导电水凝胶微纤维表面光滑、致密,其直径约为435μm,内部为三维多孔结构;PEDOT-PSS质量分数为0.5%的PVA/PEDOT-PSS导电水凝胶微纤维的拉伸强度最大,该纤维未经含LiCl的乙二醇/水(EG/H_2O)溶液浸泡的断裂应变约368%,拉伸强度为1.27 MPa,而经含LiCl的EG/H_2O溶液浸泡过的断裂应变升至约454%,拉伸强度升至2.51 MPa;经含LiCl的EG/H_2O溶液浸泡的PEDOT-PSS质量分数为0.5%的PVA/PEDOT-PSS导电水凝胶微纤维,具有较宽的应变传感检测范围(应变可达300%),能快速(响应时间约180 ms)、灵敏(0～150%应变时灵敏度系数为1.88,150%～300%应变时灵敏度系数为3.00)、重复、稳定地检测外力拉伸作用下的应变变化,实现对人体不同部位运动的实时灵敏检测。     

静电纺丝法制备聚酰亚胺/聚苯胺导电复合纤维膜

采用原位聚合法制备聚酰氨酸(PAA)和聚苯胺(PANI),使用静电纺丝技术制备PAA/PANI复合纤维膜,经热亚胺化处理后得到聚酰亚胺(PI)/PANI复合纤维膜。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了PI/PANI复合纤维膜的微观形貌,使用红外光谱仪对PI/PANI复合纤维膜的官能团进行了分析,使用高阻计研究了PI/PANI复合纤维膜的导电性能。实验结果表明,PI/PANI复合纤维膜的逾渗阈值为10wt%,在逾渗阈值时,PI/PANI复合纤维膜的体积电阻率为108Ω·cm。     

静电纺PLA/丝素-明胶复合纤维膜的性能研究

通过静电纺丝先制备聚乳酸(PLA)纤维膜,在PLA纤维膜上分别喷射不同比例的丝素-明胶纺丝液制得PLA/丝素-明胶复合纤维膜,对复合纤维膜的溶解性能、尺寸稳定性、力学性能及生物性能进行表征。结果表明:与丝素-明胶纤维膜相比,PLA/丝素-明胶复合纤维膜的溶失率明显下降,尺寸稳定性及柔软性得到改善,且经甲醇处理后,复合纤维膜的力学性能提高。将制备的复合纤维膜进行小鼠胚胎细胞(3T3)培养实验,3T3在PLA/丝素-明胶复合纤维膜上能更好地粘附、伸展和繁殖。     

SPEEK/PANI/PWA复合质子交换膜的制备及性能

为了解决Nafion膜甲醇渗透的问题,以聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚苯胺(PANI)和磷钨酸(PWA)为原料,采用流延制膜法制备了SPEEK/PANI/PWA复合质子交换膜,并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对其组织和结构进行了表征,利用紫外可见分光光度计、电化学工作站和气相色谱仪等对其性能进行了测试。研究结果表明,与SPEEK/PANI和SPEEK/PWA复合质子交换膜相比,SPEEK/PANI/PWA复合质子交换膜的综合性能有很大改善,可作为DMFC用质子交换膜。     

光致发光PA 66/EuZ复合纤维膜的制备

采用静电纺丝技术制备了光致发光聚酰胺(PA)66/发光铕希夫锌杂化体(EuZ)复合纤维膜,并对其形貌、结晶形态和热性能进行了表征。结果表明:随着EuZ用量的增加,PA 66/EuZ复合纤维膜的表面逐渐变得粗糙,且纤维的平均直径逐渐减小;PA 66/EuZ复合纤维膜的相对结晶度和熔点均随EuZ用量的增加先上升后下降;当w(EuZ)小于2.0%时,PA 66/EuZ复合纤维膜的晶型无变化,而w(EuZ)大于2.0%时,PA 66/EuZ复合纤维膜的α1衍射峰消失,且衍射峰强度随EuZ用量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;PA 66/EuZ复合纤维膜的光致发光发射峰均为610~635 nm,其荧光强度、余辉亮度和余辉时间随EuZ用量的增加而增加。     

立构复合聚乳酸/碳纳米管静电纺丝纤维膜的制备及其结晶性能

利用羟基化的碳纳米管(CNT-OH)和辛酸亚锡分别作为引发剂和催化剂,右旋丙交酯在130℃下开环聚合反应,对碳纳米管(CNT)进行了改性处理。红外光谱和热失重分析结果表明,CNT被成功改性,聚右旋乳酸(PDLA)在CNT上的接枝率为34.8%。进一步通过静电纺丝法制备了聚乳酸/功能化碳纳米管(PLLA/CNT-f-PDLA)的复合纤维膜,纤维平均直径为890 nm。利用红外光谱和X射线衍射技术研究了复合纤维膜的结晶行为和晶体结构。结果表明,在120℃热处理0.5 h后的复合纤维膜中,只生成立构复合晶体(sc),无PLLA或PDLA的同质晶体(hc)产生,而且由于CNT-f-PDLA在PLLA基体中的良好分散性以及CNT的异相成核作用,相对于PLLA/PDLA复合纤维膜,PLLA/CNT-f-PDLA复合纤维膜的立构复合结晶度得到了提高。     

镁合金钼酸盐/磷酸盐复合转化膜的制备

研究了镁合金钼酸盐/磷酸盐复合转化膜,分析了影响复合转化膜性能的因素.结果表明:当钼酸盐/磷酸盐复合转化液pH值为5,n(MoO2-4)/n(H2PO-4)为1/2时,镁合金钼酸盐/磷酸盐复合转化膜腐蚀电流最低,耐蚀性能较好,微观表面呈均匀"蜂窝"状,具有最佳防腐蚀性能;并且当Ca2 和Mn2 同时存在时,膜层的极化电阻最大.     

PAA/PVA复合纤维膜QCM传感器用于氨气浓度的检测

采用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯酸(PAA)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合纤维,沉积在石英晶片上,装配成复合纤维膜石英晶体微天平(QCM)传感器,并用于检测氨气(NH_3)浓度。通过扫描电镜、X-射线光电子能谱及BET法研究了复合纤维膜的形态结构、官能团含量及比表面积,通过QCM的振动频率变化量来检测复合纤维膜对NH_3的吸附量。结果表明:PAA/PVA复合纤维膜中丙烯酸(AA)官能团含量增加,QCM振动频率变化量逐渐增加,复合纤维膜对NH_3的吸附量相应增加;纯PAA纤维膜在0.5μg/g NH_3氛围中引起的QCM振动频率变化量为4.7 Hz,随着NH_3浓度增加,引起的QCM振动频率变化量逐渐增加,当NH_3浓度增加到400μg/g时,QCM振动频率变化量最大。     

高耐候PE膜的组分设计、制备及在光伏背板中的应用

以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为主体树脂制备PE膜,利用白色母粒、抗老化母粒和氟化聚烯烃(PPA)母粒作为改性母粒,对聚乙烯(PE)膜内层中层和外层进行组分设计,研究了PE膜与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)复合粘接强度、PE膜与聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)热压复合强度、PE膜在光伏背板中耐紫外老化性能和耐高温高湿老化性能。结果表明,PE膜内层组分中抗老化母粒质量比为100∶6时,PE/PET复合粘接强度为8 N/10mm。外层组分中抗老化母粒质量比为100∶3,PPA母粒质量比为100∶1时,PE/EVA热压复合强度为85 N/10mm。中层组分中抗老化母粒质量比达到100∶6时,PE膜耐紫外辐照量达到120 k W·h/m~2,耐高温高湿老化时间达到3 000 h。     

聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩聚苯乙烯磺酸复合LB膜对有机电致发光器件性能的优化

采用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)膜诱导沉积法制备聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩高度有序导电聚合物复合薄膜,研究了薄膜的导电性能并进一步研究薄膜在改善器件性能方面的作用。将其应用于有机电致发光二极的空穴缓冲层,将聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩聚苯乙烯磺酸复合LB膜沉积于铟锡氧化物(ITO)电极上,制备了以复合LB膜为空穴缓冲层的有机电致发光二极。发现复合LB膜改善了器件性能(启动电压降低、最大亮度增加),但进一步的研究表明,LB膜器件在一定时间后出现性能劣化,X射线反射率(XRR)分析表明薄膜的结构发生一定程度的改变,是导致器件性能变差的可能原因。     

The monolayer behavior and transfer characteristics of phospholipids at the air/water interface

The monolayer behavior of phospholipids at the air/water interface and their transfer characteristics on the: solid substrates have been investigated with a constant-perimeter type Langmuir trough. From the surface pressure-area (Π-A) isotherm, evaluated were the cross-sectional area of an oriented molecule, phase transition, and the miscibility of mixed monolayers. The monolayer state depends on the chain length and its mobility, and by adding proper salts, the monolayers were stabilized. The miscibility of mixed monolayers was also discussed with collapse pressure and excess area. The monolayers of all lipids were transferred into only one layer on hydrophobic substrates, and up to two layers on hydrophobic substrates. The multilayer formation of dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (I)PPA) was significantly affected by the subphase pH and the addition of multivalent salts. As a transfer promoter. DPPA or octadecylamine (ODA) was used as a component in a mixture with lipid materials, and their mixed monolayers resulted in good transfer characteristics. The transferred mass and film thickness of DPPA, determined by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and by an ellipsometry respectively, were proportional to the number of transfer. The lattice spacing of DPPA was 20.3 Å per layer by ellipsometry, and 22.78 Å per layer by X-ray diffraction. These indicated that the transferred multilayers had well-defined layered structures of Y-type.     

硅基底自组装双层膜制备与摩擦磨损性能研究

用自组装方法在羟基化硅基底表面制备十八胺／环氧硅烷双层膜,采用接触角测定仪、椭圆偏光仪、红外光谱仪、原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和UMT-2MT型摩擦试验机,评价了薄膜结构和摩擦磨损特性。结果表明：自组装双层膜对水的接触角为100°,膜厚3．2nm,双层膜中烷基链呈现较好的有序性;其表面均方根粗糙度为0．241nm;分子内存在C—N化学键,分子间存在氢键;十八胺／环氧硅烷自组装双层膜能够有效把基底的摩擦系数从0．6降低到0．08,0．5N载荷下,摩擦系数随速度增加而增加,在0．5N、1．5N和3N载荷下,耐磨寿命分别为17800个循环以上,2400个循环和1600个循环,呈现良好的耐磨性。     

聚酰亚胺／TiO2-SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用带柔性基团的4,4’-二氨基二苯醚（ODA）和3,3’,4,4’-苯甲酮四酸二酐（BTDA）为单体用两步法合成聚酰亚胺（PI）,并在合成过程中,用溶胶凝胶法在中间产物聚酰胺酸中加入正硅酸四乙酯和钛酸丁酯,不添加水和偶联剂,制备出了PI／TiO2-SiO2复合材料。利用红外（IR）、X衍射（XRD）、热失重分析（TGA）、透射电镜（TEM）和扫描电镜（SEM）等对材料的微观结构和热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,复合膜中纳米TiO2和SiO2在聚酰亚胺基体中有较好的分散,PI／TiO2-SiO2复合材料的热稳定性优于纯PI和PI／TiO2杂化膜。     

石墨纸-BaTiO_3/PI一体化复合薄膜的制备及研究

聚合物复合薄膜超级电容器因其可实现大面积制备、性能可靠等优点,引起了能源领域的广泛关注。如何实现导电层与介电层的一体化加工制备,是叠片式薄膜超级电容器的重要研究方向。本文介绍了以溶液混合法制备的钛酸钡/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜作为介电材料,以石墨纸作为电极材料以及复合薄膜的载体,利用提拉法制备石墨纸-钛酸钡/聚酰亚胺一体化复合薄膜,实现导电层与介电层直接成型的一体化制备过程。利用红外(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、EIS和LCR电桥仪对复合薄膜进行表征分析。实验结果表明聚酰亚胺亚胺化完全,钛酸钡在复合薄膜中分散良好,复合薄膜的介电损耗非常小,很好地满足了高介电材料的应用要求。     

In-Plane Ordering of a Genetically Engineered Viral Protein Cage

Protein cages architectures can be used as nanoscale building blocks to fabricate higher order structures. We show here that in-plane ordering can be induced in films of a genetically engineered viral protein cage bound electrostatically to a planar surface. Surface pressure measurements were used to follow the kinetics of adsorption of the virus nanoparticle at the air-water interface for a range of sucrose and nanoparticle subphase concentrations. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images indicated that with optimal subphase conditions films transferred to solid supports exhibited regions of hexagonal packed 2-D arrays. Potential applications of these monolayer assemblies of protein cage architectures include their use as scaffolds to immobilize functional groups at a surface or as templates for building multilayer films.     

Effects of hydrophobic chain length on temperature dependence of monolayer behavior of ester-type tartaric geminis

Ester-type tartaric gemini amphiphiles bearing two carboxyl groups and two hydrophobic alkanoyl groups were prepared from L-tartaric acid, and the pressure-area (π-A) isotherms for a series of symmetric tartaric gemini amphiphiles were measured by the conventional film-balance technique. The effects of the length of the hydrophobic alkanoyl chains and of the subphase temperature (T(sub)) on the π-A isotherms for these compounds were examined. As the length of the hydrophobic alkyl chain increased, a more tightly packed monolayer was formed at the air-water interface. The melting temperature (T(m)) of the monolayer on the water surface was evaluated from the subphase temperature (T(sub)) dependence of the monolayer static elasticity ε(s), based on a π-A isotherm. A clear relationship between T(m) and hydrophobic carbon number (n) was observed for 2D monolayers of tartaric geminis on water surfaces, as well as for fatty acids and/or 3D solids.     

8-氨基喹啉两亲配体的光谱性质、Langmuir-Blodgett膜及其对铜离子的传感作用

研究了两亲配体2-十二烷基丙二酸二(8-氨基喹啉)酰胺(H2A)的UV-Vis光谱和荧光光谱。铜离子对配体的荧光有明显的猝灭作用。研究了H2A及其与铜的两类配合物的单分子成膜性能和LB膜的俄歇电子能谱。CuA的成膜性能明显比H2A好,俄歇电子能谱表明H2A单分子膜在膜/水界面与亚相Cu2+生成了1∶1的配合物。H2A的LB膜可以用作为Cu2+离子的传感材料,线性范围为0.1～1.0μmol/L。     

Mechanical and antimicrobial properties of multilayer films with a polyethylene/silver nanocomposite layer

A layer of a polyethylene–silver nanoparticles composite was deposited on a five layer barrier film structure. Different methods were used for the nanocomposite layer deposition: laminating, casting, and spraying over the multilayer structure. For the casting and spraying methods, the silver nanoparticles were previously dispersed in the polymer solution, with the assistance of ultrasound energy. The effect of silver nanoparticles and deposition method on the barrier, mechanical, and optical properties of the multilayer films was evaluated. The efficiency of silver ion release from the PE‐Silver nanocomposite deposited on the multilayer films and their antimicrobial characteristics were investigated and discussed. The silver ion release and biocide effect of the multilayer films was found to be dependant on the silver nanoparticle content and on the deposition method used. The observed results could be helpful in the design of industrial films for packaging. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009