基于布尔偏振编码逻辑代数(BPLA)的高效冗余二进制数算术运算的光学实现

在数字式光计算机的研究中，已用各种数制表示法对算术运算进行了广泛的探讨。与改进的符号数字表示法（MSD）用集合｛1，0，1｝中三个符号替代相比，冗金二进制数（RB）表示法仅用两个符号来代表，并且仅需两步不带进位的加法便可实现任何长度的两操作数的加法运算。冗余二进制数表示法适用于光计算机，使用冗余二进制数表示可以获得用符号替代来实现的高效运算单元。根据给出的算术加法符号值表，可以在固定时间内完成一系列并行加法运算，即加法运算时间与两操作数的长度N无关。从而也大大减少了两操作数的乘法运算时间，可以在LOG（N）（N为操作数长度，且N为偶数）时间内完成N位XN位的乘法运算。本文在分析冗余二进制数数表示，运算等的基础上，就二进制数到冗余二进制数数的转换，运算等提出用布尔偏振编码逻辑代数BPLA（BooleanPolarizationencodedLogicAlgebra）来实现，由BPLA构成的系统仅需两步运算即可实现两冗余二进制数的加法和减法运算，并即允余二进制数运算结果到二进制数的转换提出了光学实现方法。     

电流模式有源滤波器的设计

本文根据伴随网络的概念，将电压运算放大器转换为电流模式的伴随运算放大器，并利用伴随运算放大器设计了电流模式有源二阶滤波器和六阶巴特沃思低通滤波器。     

基于布尔偏振编码逻辑代数(BPLA)的MSD算术运算模块的设计

天然的并行特性以及单指令多数据流特性（SIMD），使得光学极易用于实现数字计算机所需要的逻辑与算术运算。但是在二进制数算术运算中，由于两数算术运算总存在进位（或借位）的传递，因此这种运算并没有充分利用光学的并行特性。为此光计算研究人员提出了超前进位法及其他数制系统来避开这一问题。MSD数的算术运算其进位仅仅与该位的左边两位数有关，因此MSD数的算术运算可在三步内实现。目前MSD数算术运算主要集中于SS替换，地址寻址存贮器逻辑（LAM）．这两种方法由于需要一系列的任符号替换算法，实现起来极其复杂。其他方法还有内容寻址存贮器（CAM），PROM器件法，二值输入逻辑门，三输入逻辑门。我们首次提出了完整的布尔偏振编码逻辑代数理论BPLA（BooleanPolarization－encodedLogicAlgebra），并以此理论为基础，设计了可编程可集成光电混合液晶编码32比特加法器，光学并行列逻辑门，光反馈反转矢量光学全加器。本文通过对MSD运算的T，W，T，W变换进行化简，首次将MSD运算用BPLA来表示，并给出了用液晶显示器实现各变换模块以及总体模块。     

发动机与和变矩器共同工作点的加速算法

正确确定发动机与液力变矩器的共同工作点是液力传动车辆动力系统优化匹配计算的基础，为此提出了旨在简化运算步骤、提高运算速度、确保运算精度的求解共同工作点的加速算法，用ＭＡＴＬＢ语言编制了相应的程序，并进行了实例计算和分析。     

经济型CNC系统刀补的实现

为全面解决经济型ＣＮＣ的刀具半径补偿问题，本文提出了新颖的软件实现思想，将复杂的函数运算转化为简单的加减运算，算法简单有效。     

针对汽车零部件可靠性灵敏度计算和分析

汽车零部件特有的灵敏感应、可靠特性的层级，密切关联着整车性能。为此，有必要明辨灵敏度解析的路径、可靠性的辨识及运算方式。正态分布范畴内的参数变更，会影响配件固有的性能。拟定了细化特性的微机程序，利用编排得来的这种流程，能够提快运算速率，获取关涉可靠特性的信息，这就为接续的运算供应了参照。     

袖珍计算器求解箱体孔坐标程序卡

本文介绍的二种程序，不同于习惯的变量输入编排，简化了运算操作，对典型单个三角形坐标求解及实际应用，都具有运算简捷的特点。     

二维图形集合运算的自动实现

本文研究了一种实用的二维图形集合运算的自动实现的方法。参加集合运算的图形可以是屏幕上所画图形的一部分，该图形的数据由图中自动提取。提出了扫描线算法，用于自动搜索集合运算图形的内、外轮廓。     

MATLAB在弧齿锥齿轮轮齿接触分析中的应用

简要介绍了MATLAB软件在弧齿锥齿轮轮齿接触分析中的应用，充分利用MATLAB强大便捷的数学运算和图形显示功能，简化了TCA过程中的运算及编程，并提高了计算精度。     

基于运动特征的并联机器人构型正解

采用运动特征的概念，完整表示了机器人构型中的运动特征信息从基座到末端执行；的传递过程。提出了移动单元、转动单元和螺旋单元等概念，给出部分运算法则及其遵循的运算原则，定义并求解了爿联机器人构型正解问题，最后通过实例验证了上述方法的简便性和有效性。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Discussion on advanced manufacturing

Advanced manufacturing consists of continuity of manufacturing, its broad sense, and the core of the manufacturing process. The technology of continuous manufacturing is discussed according to both historical and modern perspectives. The relationship between human development and manufacturing technology is also discussed. Manufacturing is a continuously evolving topic. It is not only the foundation and means of imagination, conception, the science, and the technology of material change, but also the expression of national economy, national defense, and the support industries. The broad sense of manufacturing theory, which extends the concept of manufacturing, is an important development in the 20th century. The sense is analyzed in connection with design, material forming theory, synthesis of manufacturing technology, manufacturing modes, life cycle of product, hardware and software, and support environment, etc. At the same time, the core action and the development of the theory and technology of process is also discussed. At the end of this paper, the development directions of mechanical manufacturing science and technology are mentioned.     

Wear mechanism of disc-brake block material for new type of drilling rig

To improve friction and wear performance and service life of the disc-brake pair material of a drilling rig, a new type of asbestos-free frictional material with better performance for disc-brake blocks is developed, and its wear mechanism is investigated by friction and wear experiments. Topography and elementary components of the brake block’s wear surface are analyzed by employing SEM and EDAX patterns, revealing its tribological behaviour and wear mechanism. When the frictional temperature is lower, the surface film of the brake block is thinner, dense, smooth with plasticity, and divided into the mixture area, Fe-abundant area, carbon-abundant area and spalling area. The mixture area consists of various constituents of frictional pairs without ploughing and rolling trace. The Fe-abundant area mainly consists of iron and other constituents. The carbon-abundant area is the zone where graphite and organic fibre are comparatively gathered, while the spalling area is the zone where the surface film is spalled and its surface is rough and uneven, with a loose and denuded state. During the period of high frictional temperature, the frictional surface is also divided into the mixture area, Fe-abundant area and spalling area. In this case, the mixture area consists of abrasive dust from friction pairs, and the surface film is distributed with crumby hard granules, exiguous oxide, carbide granules and sheared slender fibre. The Fe-abundant area is mostly an oxide layer of iron with a flaky distribution. Fracture and spalling traces as well as an overlapping structure of multilayer surface films can be easily found on the surface film. The components of the spalling area are basically the same as that of the matrix. At the beginning of wear, the hard peaks from the friction surface of the disc-brake plough on the surface of the brake block. With increasing frictional temperature, the friction surface begins to soften and expand, and oxidized wear occurs at the same time. During the high-temperature wear period, severely influenced by friction heat, obvious softening and plastic flow can be found on the friction surface of the brake block, its anti-shearing ability is weakened, and adhesive wear is intensified. Thermal decomposition of cohesive material in the brake block is simultaneously strengthened, so that constituents shed due to loss of adhesion. Organic fibre is in a flowing state and obviously generates drawing, shearing, carbonization and oxidization. In addition, thermal cracking, thermal oxidization, carbonization and cyclization of organic substances on the surface of brake block can make the friction surface produce pores or cracks, thus fatigue wear occurs.     

可展开固体反射面机构设计及运动学分析

针对传统固体反射面机构主反射面型面精度和收拢率较低的问题,设计了一种可展开固体反射面机构。首先,提出4种固体反射面机构可展单元构型并对其机构自由度进行分析,对比分析构型方案优缺点确定构型方案4作为可展单元基础构型,并对其结构和展开原理进行详细设计。通过D-H坐标变换建立该机构可展单元的运动学模型,根据几何约束条件建立机构位置矢量方程,利用向量封闭投影法解出各回转角间的关系,结合MATLAB软件编程对机构的位置、速度和加速度进行分析。应用ADAMS软件建立机构仿真模型,验证了机构运动学分析的正确性。最后根据机构中回转角的限制条件和结构尺寸关系,分析回转角和结构尺寸对可展开固体反射面机构收拢率的影响,确定2.2m可展开固体反射面机构的回转角和旋转角分别为78°和30°,中心圆盘半径、铰支座一孔纵向尺寸、切换连杆横向尺寸、纵向尺寸分别为245,8,40,18mm,收拢率为0.326,从而为可展开固体反射面机构的设计提供参考。     

Fixed-point and stratified analysis of the fine structure and composition of five gallstones with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) specular reflection spectroscopy

By investigating the identities, amounts, and distributions of the major components of human gallstones, the formation mechanism of calculi may be elucidated. Using FT-IR specular reflection spectroscopy, the compositions of five common types of gallstones, including cholesterol calculus, bile pigment calculus, cholesterol-bilirubin calculus, mixed calculus, and black stones, were positionally, qualitatively, and quantitatively analyzed. Several organic and inorganic substances were found in human gallstones, including cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and calcium stearate. Among them, cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate were the main components. The amounts of these substances varied in different types of gallstone. The distributions of cholesterol and calcium salts (with the exception of calcium bilirubinate) were also closely associated with location. In the various calculi, the amounts of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate in the cores, the layered structures outside the cores, and the outer shells were higher than those of other substances. The identities of the major components of calculi were similar in different types of gallstones, but their amounts and distributions were significantly different. The analytical method used in this study, which was able to accurately determine the location, quality, and quantity of the major components of gallstones, would be an effective tool to study the formation mechanism of calculi.     

电过滤纸喷雾离子源的性能优化及应用研究

常压离子源是质谱技术在生命科学、环境保护、医药卫生、食品安全等领域的研究热点之一.随着质谱分析技术的应用范围越来越广,直接快速分析复杂体系的化合物组成和含量越发重要.本工作基于已研制的小型化离子阱质谱和电过滤纸喷雾离子源,对其分析性能和应用进行深入研究.以提高质谱信号强度和检测灵敏度为目标,对所用滤纸的孔径、离子源尖端...     

理想材料零件的数字化设计制造方法及内涵

提出了理想材料零件的新概念 ,它是指按零件的最佳使用功能要求来设计 ,由呈梯度变化的组织成分和一定规律分布的细结构的材料与均质材料所组合构成的新型材料零件。提出并阐明了理想材料零件的数字化的并行设计制造 (简称数字化设计制造技术 )的方法和理论基础 ;它以材料与零件的一体化、集成化设计制造为主要特点 ,可根据零件功能要求进行零件的外部几何拓扑形状和内部材料组织细结构的并行设计 ,并采用增材制造和去材制造相结合的制造技术 ,按数字化设计的信息 ,一次完成零件内部组织结构和三维形体的制造。指出数字化设计制造将会使人们长期以来设想的按力学、电磁学性能来高效地设计制造新材料零件变为现实 ,在不远的将来定能像设计和建造房屋那样 ,按照所需功能设计制造理想材料零件。     

智能垃圾分拣系统的模拟与实现

针对当今世界城市生活垃圾不断增长造成的自然环境污染和资源浪费等问题,对我国和欧美等发达国家的城市生活垃圾分类收集和分类处理方面进行了对比研究,对发达国家在城市生活垃圾处理过程中的安全分类处理方式和垃圾再利用策略进行了归纳,结合国内外垃圾分类处理所遇到的问题和不足,设计制造出了一套实现垃圾桶颜色识别、路线识别、机械手动作和到达指定位置的自动化垃圾分拣系统模型,利用Code Warrior 5.0软件开发平台对系统程序在线调试,通过系统的反复运行对智能分拣小车的自动寻迹进行了累积误差统计试验.研究结果表明,智能垃圾分拣系统的累积误差波动稳定,寻迹的能力比较准确、可靠,实现了垃圾自动分拣的过程,为工业的应用实现提供了有利的参考和理论依据.     

Review on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens: Methodologies and applications

In recent years, microbial metabolomics, a new field that has attracted wide attention, provides a map of metabolic pathways and clarifies the interaction mechanism between microorganisms and hosts. Many microorganisms are found in the human intestine, oral cavity, vagina, etc. Probiotics could maintain the good health of the host, while pathogens and an imbalance of bacterial flora lead to a series of diseases of the body and mind. Metabolomics is a science for qualitative and quantitative analysis of all metabolites in an organism or biological system, which could provide key information to understand the related metabolic pathways and associated changes. This approach analyzes the final products of cellular regulatory processes, the level of which can be regarded as the ultimate response of the biological system to genetic or environmental changes. Microbial metabolomics has been widely used in different research fields, such as microbial phenotypic classification, mutant screening, metabolic pathways, microbial metabolic engineering, fermentation engineering monitoring and optimization, microbial environmental pollution, and so on. However, there are only a few reviews on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens. This review summarizes the main methodologies, including sample preparation, identification of metabolites, data processing, and analysis. Recent applications in microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens are also described. This paper first summarized the research progress and application of microbial metabolomics from two aspects: probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics and pathogenic bacteria do not exist independently most of the time; hence, these were reviewed in the research field of coexistence of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria, which was subdivided into important microbial research fields closely related to human health, including the human gut, oral cavity, food, and nutrition-related microorganisms. Then, the main problems and trends associated with microbial metabolomics are discussed.     

Wear mechanism of disc-brake block material for new type of drilling rig

To improve friction and wear performance and service life of the disc-brake pair material of a drilling rig, a new type of asbestos-free frictional material with better performance for disc-brake blocks is developed, and its wear mechanism is investigated by friction and wear experiments. Topography and elementary components of the brake block’s wear surface are analyzed by employing SEM and EDAX patterns, revealing its tribological behaviour and wear mechanism. When the frictional temperature is lower, the surface film of the brake block is thinner, dense, smooth with plasticity, and divided into the mixture area, Feabundant area, carbon-abundant area and spalling area. The mixture area consists of various constituents of frictional pairs without ploughing and rolling trace. The Fe-abundant area mainly consists of iron and other constituents. The carbon-abundant area is the zone where graphite and organic fibre are comparatively gathered, while the spalling area is the zone where the surface film is spalled and its surface is rough and uneven, with a loose and denuded state. During the period of high frictional temperature, the frictional surface is also divided into the mixture area, Feabundant area and spalling area. In this case, the mixture area consists of abrasive dust from friction pairs, and the surface film is distributed with crumby hard granules, exiguous oxide, carbide granules and sheared slender fibre. The Fe-abundant area is mostly an oxide layer of iron with a flaky distribution. Fracture and spalling traces as well as an overlapping structure of multilayer surface films can be easily found on the surface film. The components of the spalling area are basically the same as that of the matrix. At the beginning of wear, the hard peaks from the friction surface of the disc-brake plough on the surface of the brake block. With increasing frictional temperature, the friction surface begins to soften and expand, and oxidized wear occurs at the same time. During the high-temperature wear period, severely influenced by friction heat, obvious softening and plastic flow can be found on the friction surface of the brake block, its anti-shearing ability is weakened, and adhesive wear is intensified. Thermal decomposition of cohesive material in the brake block is simultaneously strengthened, so that constituents shed due to loss of adhesion. Organic fibre is in a flowing state and obviously generates drawing, shearing, carbonization and oxidization. In addition, thermal cracking, thermal oxidization, carbonization and cyclization of organic substances on the surface of brake block can make the friction surface produce pores or cracks, thus fatigue wear occurs.