An e-quality control model for multistage machining processes of workpieces

To track and control the changes of process quality attributes in multistage machining processes (MMPs), an e-quality control (e-QC) model is proposed. The e-QC model is defined as a quality information service node with e-formalizing technology, whose input/output and intermediate process (that is IPO) are known to other nodes, and its implemention in MMPs is provided. In order to establish the e-QC model, a measuring network is constructed to acquire the original quality data, and the changes of process quality attributes are monitored and diagnosed by the integrated quality analysis tools attached to the e-QC, which can be tracked by information template network in real time. Furthermore, a hierarchical control method is adopted to coordinate e-QCs, in which the quality loss and adjusting cost are used to quantify the opportunities for e-QCs to improve process quality. At last, a prototype is developed to verify the proposed methods. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973”) (Grant No. 2005CB724106) and the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (“863”) (Grant No. 2007AA00Z108)     

A reliability assessment method based on support vector machines for CNC equipment

With the applications of high technology,a catastrophic failure of CNC equipment rarely occurs at normal operation conditions.So it is difficult for traditional reliability assessment methods based on time-to-failure distributions to deduce the reliability level.This paper presents a novel reliability assessment methodology to estimate the reliability level of equipment with machining performance degradation data when only a few samples are available.The least squares support vector machines(LS-SVM) are int...     

An approach to error elimination for multi-axis CNC machining and robot manipulation

The geometrical accuracy of a machined feature on a workpiece during machining processes is mainly affected by the kinematic chain errors of multi-axis CNC machines and robots, locating precision of fixtures, and datum errors on the workpiece. It is necessary to find a way to minimize the feature errors on the workpiece. In this paper, the kinematic chain errors are transformed into the displacements of the workpiece. The relationship between the kinematic chain errors and the displacements of the position and orientation of the workpiece is developed. A mapping model between the displacements of workpieces and the datum errors, and adjustments of fixtures is established. The suitable sets of unit basis twists for each of the commonly encountered types of feature and the corresponding locating directions are analyzed, and an error elimination (EE) method of the machined feature is formulated. A case study is given to verify the EE method. Recommended by Prof. XIONG YouLun, Member of Editorial Committee of Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50475141, 50436010), the “973” Research Foundation of China (Grant No. 2005CB724103) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-05-0651)     

机械装配过程的偏差传递网络建模与误差溯源

为了保证机械产品及其装配过程符合规范,须对产品装配过程的偏差传递流进行建模,识别关键装配特征并对相应误差装配节点进行溯源及控制. 提出基于复杂网络的自调节偏差传递网络建模方法与误差溯源方法,结合装配过程中的实测数据、特征表面信息以及装配工艺流程构建加权自调节偏差传递网络. 利用改进的加权半局部中心性排序算法识别偏差传递网络中的关键特征. 提出逆向回溯算法以及重要度排名（IR）指标,在加权自调节偏差传递网络中识别出关键特征的误差源,以确定须进行重点监控的装配面. 以锥齿轮轴组件的多阶段装配过程为研究对象进行验证,结果表明利用所提出的方法可对多阶段装配过程中的偏差流进行有效建模,识别关键装配面,实施误差溯源.     

Optimization model and algorithm for mixed traffic of urban road network with flow interference

In this paper, the problem of interferences between motors and non-motors in urban road mixed traffic network is considered and the corresponding link impedance function is presented based on travel demand. On the base of this, the main factors that influence travelers’ traffic choices are all considered and a combined model including flow-split and assignment problem is proposed. Then a bi-level model with its algorithm for system optimization of urban road mixed traffic network is proposed. Finally the application of the model and its algorithm is illustrated with a numerical example. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70631001) and the National Basic Research Program of China (“973”) (Grant No. 2006CB705500)     

数控车床主轴热误差SHO-LSTM预测建模

在高精度加工过程中,数控机床主轴误差对加工精度的影响较为严重。数控机床热误差占总误差比例高达40%~70%,是主要的误差源之一。为了提高热误差预测的精度,提出了一种使用海马优化算法(SHO)优化时序预测网络(LSTM)的精密车床主轴热误差预测建模方法。首先,利用羚羊优化算法(GOA)对模糊C均值聚类(FCM)的模糊矩阵常数、最大迭代次数、迭代终止条件进行优化并结合Person、Spearman和Kendall相关分析方法优化温度测点,使用手肘法确定最优分组规模。根据DB、BWP和Silhouette聚类评估指标评估温度测点聚类效果。其次,以车床主轴五点法获取的热误差数据和优化后的温度数据作为输入,使用SHO对LSTM的隐含层节点、全连接层节点、学习率、L2正则化常数进行优化,并使用S折交叉试验方法确定最优分组规模,建立主轴热误差SHO-LSTM预测模型。再次,在不同转速下对构建的热误差模型进行基于平均绝对误差MAE、均方根误差RMSE和平均绝对百分比误差MAPE的预测效果进行评估。最后在CKA6163A型车床上进行实例验证,使用五点法进行测量辨识,同时测量主轴附近的温度。实验结果表明：所提出的温度测点优化算法相比未优化的模糊C均值聚类(FCM)的DB指标降低了89%,BWP和Silhouette分别提高了59%和8.17%,对比结果表明优化后的聚类算法可有效降低温度测点间的共线性,提高预测模型的预测效率。所提出的海马优化算法(SHO)优化时序预测网络(LSTM)与未优化的时序预测网络(LSTM)相比,所提出的预测网络的均方根误差RMSE降低了42%,表明海马优化算法(SHO)可以提高时序预测网络(LSTM)的准确性;与天鹰(AO)优化卷积神经网络(CNN)相比,所提出的预测网络的均方根误差RMSE降低了3%;与反向传播神经网络(BP)相比,所提出的预测网络的均方根误差RMSE降低了57%,对比结果表明SHO-LSTM主轴热误差预测模型的鲁棒性和准确性更高。     

Dynamic simulation and optimization approach to construction diversion of hydraulic and hydroelectric projects

To solve the engineering and scientific problems in construction diversion and its simulation analysis, a complete scheme is presented. Firstly, the complex constraint relationship was analyzed among main buildings, diversion buildings and flow control. Secondly, the time-space relationship model of construction diversion system and the general block diagram-oriented simulation model of diversion process were set up. Then, the corresponding numerical simulation method and 3D dynamic visual simulation method were put forward. Further, the simulation and optimization platform of construction diversion control process was developed, integrated with simulation modeling, computation and visualization. Finally, these methods were applied to a practical project successfully, showing that the modeling process is convenient, the computation and the visual analysis can be coupled effectively, and the results conform to practical state. They provide new theoretical principles and technical measures for analyzing the control problems encountered in construction diversion of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering under complex conditions. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program) (Grant No. 2007CB714101), the National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five year Plan of China (Grant No. 2006BAB04A13) and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 50525927)     

大坝廊道无线传感器网络节点铺设方法

为了满足灌浆工程中智能化监控的要求,了解无线传感器网络在复杂环境下灌浆数据传输的质量情况,对2.4 GHz无线信号在大坝灌浆廊道中的传播特性进行了研究.利用现场实验测试网络性能,指出廊道环境、数据传输时延、多跳跳数及采样率对节点能耗和无线传感器网络链路质量的影响,并提出基于信号强度的、动态n值的线性节点铺设方法.该方法在链路质量降低情况下可通过铺设冗余节点和测试丢包率等方法调整节点位置,使链路快速得到恢复.通过能耗分析、丢包率测试、定位误差测量等实验对动态n值相对于固定n值在数据传输网络中的性能进行了分析.实验证明:在恶劣施工条件下,基于信号强度、动态n值的线性节点铺设方法适用于灌浆廊道通信.     

Dynamic security risk assessment and optimization of power transmission system

The paper presents a practical dynamic security region (PDSR) based dynamic security risk assessment and optimization model for power transmission system. The cost of comprehensive security control and the influence of uncertainties of power injections are considered in the model of dynamic security risk assessment. The transient stability constraints and uncertainties of power injections can be considered easily by PDSR in form of hyper-box. A method to define and classify contingency set is presented, and a risk control optimization model is given which takes total dynamic insecurity risk as the objective function for a dominant contingency set. An optimal solution of dynamic insecurity risk is obtained by optimizing preventive and emergency control cost and contingency set decomposition. The effectiveness of this model has been proved by test results on the New England 10-genarator 39-bus system. Supported by the key research of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50595413) and The National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2004CB217904)     

The design of predictive control with characterized set of initial condition for constrained switched nonlinear system

Stabilization of the constrained switched nonlinear systems is an attractive research subject. Predictive control can handle variable constraints well and make the system stable. Its stability is typically based on an assumption of initial feasibility of the optimization problem; however the set of initial conditions, starting from where a given predictive formulation is guaranteed to be feasible, is not explicitly characterized. In this paper, a hybrid predictive control method is proposed for a class of switched nonlinear systems with input constraints and un-measurable states. The main idea is to design a mixed controller using Lyapunov functions and a state observer, which switches appropriately between a bounded feedback controller and a predictive controller, and to give an explicitly characterized set of initial conditions to stabilize each closed-loop subsystem. For the whole switched nonlinear system, a suitable switched law based on the state estimation is designed to orchestrate the transitions between the consistituent modes and their respective controllers, and to ensure the whole closed-loop system's stability. The simulation results for a chemical process show the validity of the controller proposed in this paper.     

Global optimization of tool path for five-axis flank milling with a cylindrical cutter

In this paper, optimum positioning of cylindrical cutter for five-axis flank milling of non-developable ruled surface is addressed from the perspective of surface approximation. Based on the developed. interchangeability principle, global optimization of the five-axis tool path is modeled as approximation of the tool envelope surface to the data points on the design surface following the minimum zone criterion recommended by ANSI and ISO standards for tolerance evaluation. By using the signed point-to-surface distance function, tool path plannings for semi-finish and finish millings are formulated as two constrained optimization problems in a unified framework. Based on the second order Taylor approximation of the distance function, a sequential approximation algorithm along with a hierarchical algorithmic structure is developed for the optimization. Numerical examples are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed approach. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50775147 and 50835004), the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2005CB724103), and the Science & Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 07JC14028)     

Design of a control system for a macro-micro dual-drive high acceleration high precision positioning stage for IC packaging

A macro-micro dual-drive positioning system showing good potential for high acceleration and high precision positioning required in IC packaging applications is devised in this paper. The dual-drive positioning stage uses a VCM (voice coil motor) driven macro positioning stage and a PZT piezo-electric driven micro positioning stage. The coupling characteristics of the system are analyzed to produce a control structure with a micro positioning stage that can dynamically compensate for the positioning error produced by the macro positioning stage. Models of the two positioning stages are described. The models cover both the mechanism and the actuator. For the macro positioning stage, friction characteristics are taken into account, and a controller with an LQG (linear-quadratic-Gaussian) control algorithm combining a feed-forward compensation algorithm is derived. A PID controller is used to control the micro positioning stage. Detailed designs are derived for the proposed approach, and the performance is validated by simulation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50705027), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (“863” Program) (Grant No. 2007AA04Z315) and Self-Planned Task of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT) (Grant No. SKLRS200804B)     

A novel random phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy method

This paper proposes a new method that reconstructs the information of specimen by using random phase shift step in digital holographic microscopy (DHM). The principles of the method are described and discussed in detail. In practical experiment, because the phase shifter is neither perfectly linear nor calibrated, digital holograms with inaccurate phase shift step are recorded by the charge-coupled device (CCD). The phase could be accurately reconstructed from the recorded digital holograms by using the random phase-shifting algorithm, which makes up for reconstructed phase error caused by ordinary phase-shifting algorithm. The phase aberration compensation is also discussed. In order to verify the flexibility of the proposed method, numerical simulation of random phase-shifting DHM was carried out. The simulation results illustrated that the presented method is effective when the phase shift step is unknown or random in DHM. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2004CB619304), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10625209, 10472050, 10732080), the Project of Beijing Natural Sciences Foundation (Grant No. 3072007), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents (NCET) in Chinese University Ministry of Education (Grant No. NCET-05-0059), and the Opening Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology     

多工序制造过程中的质量监控策略

为了减少质量指标之间的误差传播对制造工序质量监控系统中监控点配置决策的影响,在综合分析监控点配置带来的直接收益和由误差传播带来的间接收益的基础上,引入动态规划方法,建立基于动态规划的多工序制造过程质量监控的决策模型.将监控模型细化到工序质量指标层面,分析多工序质量指标之间的误差传播关系及其带来的监控收益,提高质量监控策略的合理性.实例分析证明了该决策模型对于监控点配置决策的有效性.     

Ultralight X-type lattice sandwich structure (I): Concept,fabrication and experimental characterization

A new type of ultra-lightweight metallic lattice structure (named as the X-type structure) is reported. This periodic structure was formed by two groups of staggered struts in the traditional pyramid structure, and fabricated by folding expanded metal sheet along rows of offset nodes and then brazing the folded structure (as the core) with top and bottom facesheets to form sandwich panels. The out-of-plane compressive and shear properties of the X-type lattice sandwich structure were investigated experimentally and compared to those of the sandwich having a pyramidal truss core. It is found that the formation of the 2-dimensional staggered nodes can effectively make the X-type structure more resistant to inelastic and plastic buckling under both compression and shear loading than the pyramidal lattice truss. Obtained results show that the compressive and shear peak strengths of the X-type lattice structure are about 30% higher than those of the pyramidal lattice truss having the same relative density. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2006CB601202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10632060,10825210), the National “111” Project of China (Grant No. B06024) and the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (“863” Project) (Grant No. 2006AA03Z519)     

Development of ecohydrological assessment tool and its application

The development of Hydro-Informatic Modelling System (HIMS) provides an integrated platform for hydrological simulation. To extend the application of HIMS, an ecohydrological modeling system named ecohydrological assessment tool (EcoHAT) has been developed. Integrating parameter-management tools, RS (remote sensing) inversion tools, module-design tools and GIS analysis tools, the EcoHAT provides an integrated tool to simulate ecohydrological processes on regional scale, which develops a new method on sustainable use of water. EcoHAT has been applied to several case studies, such as, the Yellow River Basin, the acid deposition area in Guizhou province and the riparian catchment of Guanting reservoir in Beijing. Results prove that EcoHAT can efficiently simulate and analysis the ecohydrological processes on regional scale and provide technical support to integrated water resources management on basin scale. Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five-year Plan of China (Grant No. 2006BAB06B07), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40671123), the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant Nos. 2005CB422207, G19990436), and the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (“863” Project) (Grant No. 2006AA12Z145)     

Damage detection test of a substructure model of the National Swimming Center

In order to detect the damage locations of complex spatial structures, a sensor region-based damage detection approach was developed based on the damage locating vectors method. A normalized damage locating index was introduced to identify the damage regions. An experiment on damage detection of a substructure model of the National Swimming Center ‘Water Cube’ was carried out. Two damage patterns were involved in the experiment. The test model was excited by using hammer impacts. Acceleration responses of the undamaged and damaged structure model were measured. Modal parameters were identified from the acceleration responses by utilizing the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA). By using the developed sensor region-based method, the damage regions of the substructure model were located. The results show that the proposed method is able to effectively locate the damage regions. Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 8041002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 8041002), the National Science and Technology Committee of China (Grant No. 2004BA904B02), and Beijing Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. Z0004028040221)     

Dynamic extending nonlinear H∞ control and its application to hydraulic turbine governor

There exists a large class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties, such as hydraulic turbine governors, whose robust control problem is hard to solve by means of the existing robust control approaches. For this class of systems, this work presents a dynamic extending H∞ controller via both differential geometry and H∞ theory. Furthermore, based on differential game theory, it has been verified that the proposed control strategy has robustness in the sense that the disturbance can be attenuated effectively because the L2-gain from the disturbance input to the regulation output signal could be reduced to any given level. Thirdly, a robust control strategy for hydraulic turbine governor is designed according to the proposed extending H∞ control method, and has been developed into a real control equipment. Finally the field experiments are carried out which show clearly that the developed control equipment can enhance transient stability of power systems more effectively than the conventional controller.     

Symbolic transition graph and its early bisimulation checking algorithms for the π-calculus

Symbolic transition graph is proposed as an intuitive and compact semantic model for the π-calculus processes.Various versions (strong/weak, ground/symbolic) of early operational semantics are given to such graphs. Based on them the corresponding versions of early bisimulation equivalences and observation congruence are defined. The notions of symbolic observation graph and symbolic congruence graph are also introduced, and followed by two theorems ensuring the elimination of τ-cycles and τ-edges. Finally algorithms for checking strong/weak early bisimulation equivalences and observation congruence are presented together with their correctness proofs. These results fuse and generalize the strong bisimulation checking algorithm for value-passing processes and the verification technique for weak bisimulation of pure-CCS to the finite control π-calculus.     

Ultralight X-type lattice sandwich structure (II): Micromechanics modeling and finite element analysis

The methods of homogenization and finite elements are employed to predict the effective elastic constants and stress-strain responses of a new type of lattice structure, the X-structure proposed by the authors in a companion paper. It is shown that in most cases the predictions by the equivalent homogenization theory agree well with the experimental and 3-dimensional finite element calculated results. The theoretical and numerical study supports the argument that the X-structure is superior to the pyramid lattice structure in terms of mechanical strength. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2006CB601202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10632060, 10825210), the National “111” Project of China (Grant No. B06024) and the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (“863” Project) (Grant No. 2006AA03Z519)