自动喷水灭火系统在检查验收中发现的问题

￥辽宁省消防局＠曹瑞升自动喷水灭火系统按其类型分为：湿式、预作用、干式、干式和预作用联合、雨淋和水幕等系统。这里主要说说普遍采用的湿式自动喷水灭火系统。自动喷水灭火系统，做为自防自救的一项重要设施，在我省新建、改建和扩建工程中广泛应用。由于各方面的努力，检...     

自动喷水灭火系统应用技术发展探析

阐述了自动喷水灭火系统应用技术的发展情况 ,探讨了各种喷头的研制对自动喷水灭火系统性能的促进作用 ,并结合实际 ,提出了自动喷水灭火系统应用中亟待解决的问题     

自动喷水灭火系统在隧道中的应用与发展趋势

随着隧道火灾的频繁发生,关于隧道中能否采用自动喷水灭火系统的问题成为该领域的研究热点.介绍了自动喷水灭火系统在国内外隧道中的应用现状,总结了隧道中采用自动喷水灭火系统的优缺点及存在的争议.根据国外对隧道中自动喷水灭火系统进行的试验评估,指出该系统可以降低隧道温度并能防止火势蔓延,具有良好的应用前景.     

物流仓库自动喷水灭火技术研究及发展趋势

通过对资料和文献的对比与分析，总结了近年来我国仓库的火灾形势，提出应重点加强仓库初期火灾的防护。在研究国内外最新标准和研究文献的基础上，对比了国内外标准中关于物流仓库自动喷水灭火系统设置场所的差异，分析了近年来国内外研究机构关于仓库自动喷水灭火系统的研究动态及发展趋势，对应用于物流仓库的自动喷水灭火系统新技术进行了展望和总结，提出应在新型物流仓库、特殊保护对象及湿式系统替代技术等方面加强自动喷水灭火系统的应用技术研究。     

剧院建筑消防水系统设计探析

通过对某剧院室内消火栓、自动喷水灭火系统、大空间智能型主动喷水灭火系统、雨淋系统、水幕系统等的分析和探讨,以期为剧院类建筑消防水系统的设计提供参考。     

我国自动喷水灭火系统技术的现状与发展

简单回顾了自动喷水灭火技术在我国的应用 ,分析了技术的发展 ,指出了现状中存在的问题。同时 ,展望了我国自动喷水灭火系统技术的发展 ,强调了自动喷水灭火系统在水消防系统中的地位 ,进一步拓展自动喷水灭火系统在以性能为基础消防中的作用 ,完善系统自身的可靠性 ,并发挥保险业对消防安全和经济发展的杠杆作用 ,以促进自动喷水灭火技术在我国的深入发展     

我国自动喷水灭火系统技术的现状与发展

简单回顾了自动喷水灭火技术在我国的应用,分析了技术的发展,指出了现状中存在的问题。同时,展望了我国自动喷水灭火系统技术的发展,强调了自动喷水灭火系统在水消防系统中的地位,进一步拓展自动喷水灭火系统在以性能为基础消防中的作用,完善系统自身的可靠性,并发挥保险业对消防安全和经济发展的杠杆作用,以促进自动喷水灭火技术在我国的深入发展。     

国内外规范中自动喷水灭火技术的对比分析

结合国内外标准规范的规定,从建筑类别方面对比分析了自动喷水灭火系统的设置场所和设置要求,分析了自动喷水灭火系统和火灾自动报警系统的协调关系.国外规范对于自动喷水灭火系统的规定较为详细,并依据人员活动能力将人员密集场所进行分级.提出我国规范修订时应考虑在居住建筑、老年人建筑和幼儿园建筑等场所增设自动喷水灭火系统或自动喷水局部应用系统.     

雨淋喷水灭火系统

雨淋喷水灭火系统是电影制作人的最爱。该系统被设计成从每个喷头或者预设的一组喷头同时喷射水流。雨淋喷水灭火系统在摄影镜头中效果非常生动 ,但只占水基灭火系统的不到 10 % ,甚至在喷水灭火系统中所占比例更小。雨淋喷水灭火系统一般用于保护火灾蔓延非常快的区域 ,或者关闭其它过程需要延时喷水的区域。需要延时的应用例子是隧道喷水灭火系统 ,在系统开始喷水之前需要停止交通 ,在延时过程中火灾将蔓延 ,所以一旦可以安全喷水就要覆盖更大的区域 ,包括着火区域以外的表面 ,以阻止更进一步的火灾蔓延。雨淋喷水灭火系统由一个探测系统…     

主动型自动喷水灭火系统研究

针对传统自动喷水灭火系统存在响应时间长、水渍损失大的缺点,提出了主动型自动喷水灭火系统的研究方案。通过新型探测组件、电加热洒水喷头以及算法编程等技术,实现自动喷水灭火系统的主动性和智能性。搭建试验平台,针对角落火灾、边界火灾、中间火灾,分析系统火灾探测性能和洒水喷头启动情况。试验结果表明,主动型自动喷水灭火系统能够实现早期探测火源位置,主动电加热启动相应位置的组群洒水喷头,扑灭初期火灾,同时减小水渍损失。     

北京语言大学综合楼消防给水系统设计探讨

北京语言大学综合楼消防给水系统包括消火栓系统、自动喷水灭火系统、水幕系统、雨淋系统和大空间智能型主动喷水灭火系统。结合项目的特点,阐述了消防给水系统的确定和设计参数的选择,并就某些消防给水系统的设计进行了技术性探讨。     

广德文化中心消防系统探讨

广德文化中心是一大型综合体建筑,平面功能较为复杂,火灾危险性较大,而且工程中设计的消防系统较多。文章详细介绍了室外消火栓消防系统、室内消火栓消防系统、自动喷水灭火系统、水幕系统、雨淋系统、大空间智能型主动喷水灭火系统及高压细水雾灭火系统的设计参数及系统形式。同时对设计中遇到的问题进行探讨。     

“只有红楼梦”戏剧公园剧场消防系统设计

"只有红楼梦"戏剧公园核心剧场项目位于廊坊市高新科技园区文化中心地块内,由5座大型乙等剧场组成,总建筑面积为73 566 m^2,各剧场具有"空间复杂,人员密集"的特点,新颖的行走式观演形式更是决定了本项目消防系统的复杂性。以A5建筑"十二钗剧场"为例,对室内外消火栓系统、自动喷水灭火系统、雨淋系统、灭火器设置、消防排水的设计进行了介绍。针对观演区雨淋系统设计流量过大的问题,通过合理划分雨淋阀的作用面积、设置止回阀等技术手段加以解决,并详细描述了雨淋系统的分区布置、水力计算、系统控制等技术要点。实践表明,通过合理设计,既能满足消防设计要求,又能有效控制投资成本。     

建筑内高大中庭灭火系统技术优化与经济分析

以某建筑内高大中庭为例,对比分析了雨淋系统与智能喷水灭火系统的技术经济特性,制定了该高大中庭喷水灭火系统的优化方案。采用喷枪式智能喷水灭火系统代替雨淋系统,不但可以满足消防的要求,而且消除了对建筑效果和结构的不利影响,在节省管道用量的同时节约了管道井空间,增加了有效利用的建筑面积,具有较明显的经济优势。为了使智能喷水灭火系统的设计有据可依,建议修订、完善现行消防规范并尽快编制与该系统相关的国家标准。     

Fixed Fire Protection Systems in Tunnels: Issues and Directions

Fire protection practices for highway tunnels have been undergoing significant changes in the last decade, largely in response to a number of catastrophic fires that caused tunnel authorities to thoroughly review their fire safety assumptions. One of the fire safety issues currently receiving much attention includes the installation of “active” fire protection systems in addition to the “passive” fire protection features that were until recently considered to be sufficient to mitigate fire risk in tunnels. Passive fire protection measures include the use of fire resistive construction materials which help protect the critical structural elements from damage due to high temperatures. Active fire protection systems include fixed piping systems to deliver water sprays, such as deluge sprinklers and water mist, or other water-based agents such as compressed air or high expansion foam (CAF or Hi-Ex respectively). Active fire protection systems for tunnels are currently referred to as water based fixed fire fighting systems, or FFFS for short. Fire research suggests that measures based solely on passive protection are not likely to be sufficient to protect life and property to the degree warranted by the high monetary and strategic value of modern tunnel infrastructure. Full-scale fire testing and engineering analysis indicate that FFFS have the potential to reduce the impact of a severe fire on the tunnel structure from catastrophic to manageable at an affordable cost. Fire testing with CAF and Hi-Ex foam systems has shown them capable of actually extinguishing very large fires, including hydrocarbon pool fires. Systems based on water sprays on the other hand are not expected to extinguish fires, but rather to control the fire, limit fire growth and heat release rate, prevent fire propagation and provide thermal management. Although there are a few years of experience internationally that have proven sprinkler and deluge sprinkler system to be effective in mitigating tunnel fires, recent testing of FFFS in Europe has concentrated on water mist. One reason is the perception that water mist systems may involve less complex piping and agent storage than CAF or Hi-Ex foam, and may provide equivalent or superior performance with less water and smaller pipes than conventional sprinkler deluge systems. However, many engineering challenges remain to be resolved, such as how much credit to grant to the FFFS in terms of reduced criteria for passive protection, and how exactly to integrate active protection systems with traditional fire safety measures such as the ventilation systems. This article examines some recent developments in understanding how active fire-fighting systems might alter the impact of fires in tunnels.     

高大空间场所消防系统设计初探

高大空间场所因其高度高、面积大、火灾时火势蔓延快且扑救困难,故其消防系统的设计尤为重要.以某会展中心为例,对适用于高大空间场所的消防系统(包括雨淋系统、固定消防水炮系统和大空间智能型主动喷水灭火系统)作了介绍和对比分析,并就设计过程中的相关问题进行了讨论,以供同行参考.     

Model scale tunnel fire tests with automatic sprinkler

The study focuses on the performance of an automatic sprinkler system in a model scale tunnel with longitudinal ventilation. A total of 28 tests were carried out in a 1:15 model scale tunnel using an automatic sprinkler system with glass bulbs. The maximum heat release rate, energy content and failure of the automatic sprinkler system were analysed. The results show that high ventilation rates and low water flow rates result in a failure of the automatic sprinkler system in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel fire. The main reason for the failure under the tested water flow rates was the effect of the longitudinal flow on the fire development and the hot gas flow close to the sprinklers. The fire development and the activation heat release rate of the first activated bulb are intimately related to the ventilation velocity. The fire spread to the neighbouring wood crib was investigated and a presentation of tests conducted using a deluge system are given.     

Electrically controlled dynamic sprinkler activation: Computational assessment of potential efficiency

Electrically controlled dynamic sprinkler activation is the novel technology of managing large automatic fire suppression systems that offers considerable potential advantages over conventional (thermal) sprinkler activation. It is designed to reduce the sprinkler response time, to ensure sprinkler activation in case of high ceiling clearance, and it can also be used for dynamic group activation enabling flexible response to the actual fire pattern and preventing the fire spread beyond the area protected by the group. Since the practical experience of using the new sprinkler activation algorithms is yet to be elaborated, this work attempts computational evaluation of the group enforced activation efficiency. Fire suppression dynamics is compared for a growing fire source impacted by the automatic sprinkler systems of two types: with conventional (thermal) and new (group enforced) activation algorithms. The effects of ceiling clearance, water flow rates, spray refinement, and of the horizontal airflow are examined.     

Clean Agent System Utilizing FM-200® and Automatic Sprinkler System

Data processing and telecommunication (telco) facilities are commonly protected against fire with a clean agent system, an automatic sprinkler system, or with both a clean agent and an automatic sprinkler system. The degree of protection provided by these systems is vastly different, as is the cost incurred in employing these systems.Comparison testing of a clean agent system utilizing FM-200® (HFC-227ea) and an automatic sprinkler system was performed in order to illustrate the differences in the protection provided by gaseous clean agent systems and automatic sprinkler systems. The tests were performed in a simulated data processing/telecommunications facility, and examined the performance of the suppression systems on a plastics fire located inside a metal electronic equipment cabinet.In the clean agent system test, the fire was detected while it was small in size and was extinguished 17 sec after system actuation. Damage to the simulated facility and its contents was limited solely to the dislodging of several ceiling tiles near the clean agent nozzle, and a slight scorching of the cabinet containing the fuel array. The facility could be re-occupied and all systems within the facility, other than those damaged inside the cabinet involved in the fire, would be functional immediately following the extinguishment of the fire. Cleanup of the facility would not be required prior to its use following the fire event, as no residues were produced during extinguishment.Under the identical fire scenario, the automatic sprinkler system actuated approximately three minutes later than the clean agent system, and the fire was not extinguished by sprinkler system. The sprinkler system did achieve its primary objective of containing the fire to the room of origin and managing the temperatures at the ceiling to prevent structural damage and/or collapse, as the suspended ceiling remained intact, and the fire did not spread beyond the cabinet that contained the fuel array. Damage to the simulated facility was much more extensive than that resulting from the clean agent system test. All ceiling tiles were discolored and the tiles around the sprinkler heads that activated were warped and sagging. The walls were discolored throughout the entire simulated facility and a dark ring of varying intensity and width was observed just below the level of the suspended ceiling. Paper items located within the simulated facility suffered extensive water damage, and the simulated facility floor was covered in water containing large amounts of soot. Immediate reoccupation of the facility and resumption of business would be impossible under these circumstances, as the fire and smoke damage experienced by the facility and its contents would require the replacement of the facility walls, ceiling, and floor, and would likely require the replacement of water-damaged electronic equipment.The test results are discussed in detail as are the implications of the results in the design of fire protection systems for data processing and telecommunication type facilities.