铀表面Ti/Al复合镀层在腐蚀气体中的腐蚀行为

研究了铀表面磁控溅射离子镀Ti/Al复合镀层在200～500℃温度范围,分别在o.05 MPa的O2、H2O和HCl气体中的腐蚀失效形式.采用俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析了腐蚀后腐蚀介质元素在复合镀层中的深度分布,并采用有限元分析方法计算了在腐蚀加热和冷却过程中复合镀层的应力变化.结果表明:O2、H2O、HCl引起铀表面Ti/Al复合镀层的反应腐蚀温度依次降低,界面分离是Ti/Al复合镀层抗气体加热腐蚀的主要失效形式,Al/U和Ti/Al界面分别成为Ti/Al复合镀层在含O气氛和HCl气体中加热腐蚀的薄弱环节;镀层从界面剥离主要是腐蚀气体从镀层缺陷渗透到界面,降低界面的结合力,从而产生应力引起的.     

Ni-P-纳米TiO2复合镀层的耐蚀性研究

采用全浸泡腐蚀试验，系统研究了Ni—P-纳米TiO2复合镀层在HCl、H2SO4、HNO3、NaOH和NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，Ni—P-纳米TiO2复合镀层比Ni—P化学镀层具有更优异的耐酸、耐碱、耐盐腐蚀的性能；复合镀层在盐和碱性腐蚀液中的耐蚀性优于酸性腐蚀液；Ni—P一纳米TiO2复合镀层在不同腐蚀液中的腐蚀形态明显不同，复合镀层在NaOH、NaCl和HCl溶液中的腐蚀形态为均匀腐蚀型，而在H2SO4和HNO3强氧化性介质中的腐蚀形态则为点蚀穿透型；保持镀层在腐蚀液中的完整性对提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能至关重要。     

中性水介质中铝的腐蚀行为

针对中性水介质中金属铝的腐蚀问题,采用旋转挂片腐蚀试验和电化学方法对模拟水样中铝的腐蚀行为进行研究。试验结果表明,流速、温度和溶液浓缩倍率均对铝的腐蚀有影响。随着流速和温度的升高,溶液中溶解氧的扩散速度加快,电荷传递电阻减小,导致铝的腐蚀速率加快;溶液浓缩倍率增大,溶液中离子浓度增大,很容易破坏铝表面的氧化膜而产生腐蚀,因此导致金属铝腐蚀速率增大。     

热浸镀层在青岛站的海水腐蚀行为对比(Ⅲ)——飞溅区

测试热浸镀锌（GI）、锌-5％铝-稀土（GF）和锌，55％铝-1．6％硅（GL）镀层钢板在青岛站的飞溅区海水腐蚀行为，并利用腐蚀质量损失测试和显微结构分析，研究3种镀层钢板的海水飞溅区腐蚀行为。结果表明：3种镀层在飞溅区均未发生生物污损，腐蚀速度在3个海水区带中最低；GI镀层由于腐蚀电流密度最大，氧化膜保护效果不佳，耐海水腐蚀性能最差；GF镀层由于腐蚀电流大幅度降低，飞溅区充分的充气条件促进了镀层的钝化，因此表现出较为优异的耐海水腐蚀性能；由于保护性的锌的腐蚀产物被滞留在富铝的枝晶网络中，充分的充气条件又促进了镀层富铝相的钝化，所以GL镀层在海水飞溅区表现出最佳的腐蚀性能。对位于海水飞溅区的钢材基体提供la保护期所需的镀层最小厚度分别为：GI镀层14μm；GF镀层8μm；GL镀层4μm；GF和GL镀层在飞溅区的耐蚀性分别是厚度相当的GI的2倍和4倍。     

碳纤维表面化学复合镀Ni-P-SiC镀层的形貌及性能

为了同时改善碳纤维与金属铝基体之间的润湿性和分散性,采用化学复合镀的方法在碳纤维上制备Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。通过扫描电子显微镜观察镀层表面和截面形貌,通过单纤维电子强力测试仪分析Ni-P镀层和Ni-P-SiC镀层力学性能,采用同步热分析仪分析Ni-P镀层和Ni-P-SiC镀层的氧化性能。结果表明:Ni-P-SiC镀层的抗拉强度比Ni-P镀层的抗拉强度稍低,但Ni-P-SiC镀层的形状参数m对比Ni-P的形状参数m提高了8.45%,材料的可靠性提高;对比出现最大放热峰的温度,Ni-P-SiC镀层比Ni-P镀层的出现温度高130℃,Ni-P-SiC镀层的抗氧化性明显提高;通过Ni-P-SiC镀层改性后的碳纤维在铝基中分散性明显提高,减少了碳纤维的聚集。Ni-P-SiC镀层有效解决了高温条件下碳纤维与铝基复合的难题。     

Ni-W-P-SiC脉冲复合镀层的耐蚀性研究

采用腐蚀溶液浸泡、阳极极化曲线和中性盐雾试验3种方法较系统地研究了Ni-W-P-SiC脉冲复合镀层的耐蚀性.其结果表明：镀层在HCl、H2SO4、H3PO4溶液中的腐蚀速率都比较低，而镀层在FeCl3溶液中的腐蚀速率远大于前三者；镀层在H2SO4和H3PO4中的钝化区较宽，有过钝化区、二次钝化区和二次过钝化区出现，而在HCl和FeCl3中的钝化区较窄，且只有过钝化区；3种腐蚀试验方法均表明脉冲频率和占空比对试样的腐蚀速率都有不同程度的影响；不同脉冲参数条件下的400℃热处理镀层的腐蚀速率都比镀态镀层的腐蚀速率小得多.      

不锈钢热浸镀铝抗高温氧化性能研究

用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、电子探针（EPMA）分析高温氧化腐蚀等方法，对1Cr13不锈钢热浸镀稀土铝合金（Al-6%Si-4%RE)的镀层组织结构与性能进行了研究，结果表明，在高温长时间保温过程中热浸镀层与基体金属相互扩散形成了热力学稳定的Al2O3,Cr2O3氧化膜，使该钢获得优良的抗高温氧化腐蚀性能。经热浸镀铝后，镀层具有良好的抗高温氧化腐蚀性能。     

离子轰击镀对铀上铝镀层组织及防腐蚀性能的影响

研究了偏压镀、循环氩离子轰击镀和间歇式镀对铀上铝镀层组织及防腐蚀性能的影响．结果表明,3种离子轰击镀方法对铝镀层的组织产生强烈影响，且组织的致密程度与其防腐蚀性能呈现了较好的一致性．在-100V、-200V和-500V偏压条件下，镀层组织致密、防腐蚀性好；在-300V偏压下，镀层的致密性和防腐蚀性均差，未加偏压(0V)的次之；循环氩离子轰击镀和间歇式镀对提高镀层的致密性和防腐蚀性更为显著．离子轰击镀沉积的铝镀层均可不同程度地为铀提供好的保护效果．     

熔铝灰铁坩埚的腐蚀与防护

详细论述了熔铝灰铁坩埚的氧化腐蚀、铝液腐蚀及其腐蚀机制,介绍了能够提高灰铁坩埚抗高温氧化能力的铸态表面合金化法和能够提高灰铁坩埚抗铝液腐蚀能力的调整成分法与浸渗保护法,这些方法通过减少腐蚀贞坩埚表面向基体内部发展的各种“通道”,有效地改善了灰坩埚抗腐蚀性能,提高了坩埚使用寿命。     

全光亮镍磷合金镀层的耐蚀性

采用个性盐雾实验、浸泡实验和阳极极化曲线测试了全光亮镍磷合金镀层耐蚀性.盐雾实验表明：磷含量为128mass%～153mass％的镀层耐蚀性能最好，磷合量提高到201mass％后，耐蚀性下降；热处理温度在200℃以下时，对镀层耐蚀性影响不大，超过300℃以上，镀层耐蚀性明显下降；浸泡实验表明Ni-P合金镀层与1Cr18Ni9Ti相比，在酸性、碱性和氯离子水溶液中耐蚀性能较好，但不耐硝酸、硝酸盐等强氧化性介质的腐蚀；阳极极化曲线测试表明，磷含量为12.8mass％的镀层在10％HCl、5％NaCl、20%NaOH和3.5％FeCl-3溶液中，均表现出了优异的耐蚀性能.磷合量为20.1mass％高磷镀层在20％NaOH中耐蚀性能优异.      

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。