纳米SiO_2表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的研究

为了提高纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)粒子在阻燃型聚合物基纳米复合材料中的有效利用,需要对粒子的表面进行改性。此实验采用溶液聚合法,使甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体(MMA)在烷基化预处理的纳米SiO2粒子的表面进行接枝聚合,得到以纳米SiO2粒子为核、接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳的复合颗粒(SiO2-g-PMMA)。结果表明,PMMA以化学键成功地接到纳米SiO2的表面,并可通过改变接枝聚合的条件来调节粒子上所接聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的结构,改性后的纳米SiO2粒子具有良好的热稳定性及分散性。     

纳米SiO2粒子静电吸附引发剂及引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯乳液聚合

对纳米SiO2粒子静电吸附2,2′-偶氮(2-脒基丙烷)二氯化氢(AIBA)引发剂,进而在其表面引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯乳液聚合而制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/纳米SiO2复合粒子进行了研究.发现当介质pH值高于SiO2粒子等电势点时,纳米SiO2能与AIBA发生静电吸附而锚固上引发剂.使用高速离心分离/紫外分光光度计分析,证明引发剂吸附存在一个稳定上限,在pH=10时为0.067g·(g·SiO2)-1.随着纳米SiO2粒子锚固AIBA量的增加,聚合速率增加,PMMA/纳米SiO2复合粒子的平均粒径变小;乳化剂OP-10用量过大时,复合粒子的胶体稳定性降低.原位乳液聚合得到的PMMA/纳米SiO2复合粒子的典型形态为"草莓"型核壳结构.     

纳米SiO_2/聚丙烯酸酯组装杂化乳液的合成及表征

通过乳液聚合法成功合成了纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯杂化乳液。首先将纳米SiO2经过表面官能团化处理,使其表面含有活性官能团,然后经过乳液聚合使丙烯酸酯单体在纳米SiO2表面引发聚合,合成了具有核壳结构的纳米杂化乳液。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对乳液的微观结构进行了表征,并对胶膜进行了机械力学性能测试和表面润湿性能测试。结果表明纳米SiO2的表面官能团化处理改善了纳米粒子在乳液中的稳定性,当纳米SiO2质量分数为0 2%时,杂化乳液胶膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率同时达到最大值。其表面润湿性与SiO2质量分数有关,SiO2质量分数为0 5%时其杂化乳胶膜的接触角最大,耐水性最好。     

纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面设计及其填充聚氯乙烯复合材料的性能

利用表面原位接枝聚合在纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面引入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)高分子链段,用共混法制备了nano-SiO2/PVC复合材料,研究了不同界面特性时SiO2/PVC复合材料的力学性能.研究结果表明通过表面原位接枝聚合反应可以在纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;表面接枝PMMA的nano-SiO2/PVC复合材料在力学和加工性能等方面都优于偶联剂处理和表面未处理样品.在纳米二氧化硅颗粒填充量为0%～8%(wt)时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度随着填充量的提高先上升后下降,并在4%～6%(wt)达到最大值.经PMMA表面接枝后SiO2/PVC具有更强的界面作用,偶联剂KH570处理的次之,表面未处理样品的最差.     

SiO_2对低温液相法制备锐钛型TiO_2/SiO_2纳米复合膜性能的影响

采用浸渍提拉法在玻璃表面制得SiO2/TiO2纳米复合膜,筛选出SiO2∶TiO2优化摩尔比为0.1∶1。结果表明,加入SiO2可有效提高TiO2膜层均匀性,降低晶粒直径,纳米复合膜对甲基橙溶液光催化降解率为38.58%,光照30min后膜接触角为5(°),纳米膜与玻璃之间附着力达到1级,且对各类介质均具有良好的耐蚀性。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/SiO2纳米复合物的制备

基于纳米SiO2表面羟基与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷间的缩合反应,于SiO2表面引入双键.以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用原位自由基聚合的方法,制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/SiO2纳米复合材料.FTIR和TGA证实聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯大分子链成功接枝在SiO2表面.聚合体系黏度是影响SiO2表面聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝率的关键因素.甲基丙烯酸甲酯浓度为6 mol/L,偶氮二异丁腈浓度为0.05～0.1 mmol/L时,SiO2表面聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝率可达到94％;SiO2用量对表面接枝聚合没有影响.     

新型PMMA抗紫外复合材料的制备及表征

首先利用原位合成的方法成功制备了羧基化纳米纤维素(CCNC)/二氧化铈(Ce O_2)抗紫外复合膜。在此基础上,采用热压贴合的方法使之与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合,制备了具有阻隔紫外功能的PMMA/CCNC/Ce O_2膜。通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析证明了CCNC/Ce O_2膜被成功制备且Ce O_2纳米粒子均匀分散在CCNC膜中。紫外-可见分光光度计和应力-应变曲线分析结果表明PMMA/CCNC/Ce O_2膜在330 nm处紫外光屏蔽率高达99. 70%,且复合膜的断裂强度较纯PMMA膜提升了35. 15%。结果表明,PMMA/CCNC/Ce O_2膜具有较好的紫外屏蔽效果,且为提高其他聚合物的紫外屏蔽性能提供了解决方案。     

表面改性纳米二氧化钛-芳香聚酰胺复合反渗透膜的制备与表征

采用TMC对亲水纳米TiO2进行表面改性,然后添加在复合反渗透膜的聚酰胺层中,制备了改性纳米TiO2-聚酰胺复合反渗透膜。改性纳米TiO2使用红外光谱法(FTIR)和粒径分析仪进行表征;采用渗透试验,扫描电镜(SEM)、静态接触角仪、原子力显微镜等对复合膜的性能和结构分别测试和表征。结果表明,改性TiO2的表面接枝上酰氯基团,在有机溶剂中的分散性得到提高;SEM和AFM照片证实,TiO2在膜表面分布均匀,膜表面粗糙度增加;杂化复合膜亲水性也有一定程度的提高;膜性能测试结果证实了添加TiO2的复合膜水通量均高于纯聚酰胺膜,同时脱盐率变化很小。当改性TiO2的添加量为0.05%(m/v)时,水通量由11.21 L/(m2.h)提升到32.61 L/(m2.h),对NaCl截留率达到98.9%。试验结果表明,改性TiO2很好地分散在聚酰胺层,提高了水通量,还保持了高脱盐率,膜性能得到提高。     

“胶乳共混法”制备天然橡胶／二氧化硅纳米复合材料及其性能

采用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）改性纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）,然后通过乳液聚合接枝上聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）,再将其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）改性的天然胶乳,通过胶乳共混法制备天然橡胶／二氧化硅纳米复合材料,结果显示,纳米二氧化硅表面接枝上了PMMA,二氧化硅在橡胶基体中分散良好,粒径在60～100nm之间,得到的胶膜力学性能有很大的提高。     

PP/POE/表面接枝改性nano-SiO_2复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用接枝改性的方法,通过熔融共混工艺分别制备聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(POE)/SiO2-g-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),SiO2-g-聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)纳米复合材料,研究了纳米复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明:纳米SiO2接枝物的加入有利于PP异相成核,使PP球晶尺寸减小,晶界模糊,冲击性能显著提高。当SiO2-g-PMMA,SiO2-g-PBA的含量为2份时,纳米复合材料的冲击强度分别为39.3kJ/m2和60.0kJ/m2,加工性能得到改善。     

端基官能化PEG与PMMA共混薄膜表面接触角的研究

使用硅酸酯和聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG)反应制得端基官能化的PEG大分子,然后将此分子与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)在氯仿溶液中共混,在玻璃基板上旋转涂膜后对涂膜的表面接触角进行了研究。实验发现,官能化的mPEG在低添加量时就可有效降低体系的接触角。对不同分子量的PEG测试结果表明,在同等添加质量比情况下,低分子量的官能化mPEG表现出更好的表面改性效果,这主要是由于低分子量的PEG有较高的硅烷氧基摩尔比例和较强的运动能力所致。研究结果表明,表面接触角的降低是由于PEG分子的硅氧烷端基在PMMA表面富集造成的。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法在清洁的玻璃表面成功制备了均匀透明的纳米TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜,并用扫描电镜,红外光谱仪,综合热分析仪和接触角测定仪对薄膜的结构和性质进行了研究。结果表明:TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜由晶粒小于10nm的球形颗粒组成,表面均匀,结构致密,具有平整的组织结构;引入SiO2后可以抑制薄膜中TiO2晶粒的长大,且能显著降低薄膜的接触角,增强薄膜的亲水性。     

改性二氧化硅／环氧树脂体系的制备

用带不饱和双键的硅烷偶联剂与SiO2表面的羟基反应导入双键，进而加入有机单体丙烯酸缩水甘油醚进行自由基共聚，达到了对SiO2表面的复合改性。根据改性前后SiO2表面的接触角、含水率、吸油值的测定结果，表明复合改性后SiO2的憎水性和亲油性得到改善；把改性前后的SiO2样品与环氧树脂混合固化，测试了复合材料的力学性能，发现改性SiO2复合材料的拉伸强度增加了35％，弯曲强度增加了42％；同时用SEM对复合材料的断面观察发现：改性SiO2颗粒与环氧树脂问无明显的界面，其亲合性优于未改性SiO2。     

Morphological and mechanical characterization of a PMMA/CdS nanocomposite

Thick film of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/CdS nanocomposite have been synthesized by the solution casting process. The nanostructure of the CdS particles has been ascertained through the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. The surface morphological characterization of the PMMA/CdS nanocomposite has been done through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The variation of mechanical loss factor (Tanδ) with temperature and tensile properties of prepared samples have been studied using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA). This study reveals that the glass transition temperature (T_g), Young’s modulus, and fracture energy of the PMMA/CdS nanocomposite are greatly influenced by the existence of interfacial energetic interaction between dispersed CdS nanoparticles and the matrix of PMMA.     

羟基纤维素对二氧化钛薄膜亲水性和光催化性能的影响

用羟基纤维素(hydorxypro-pylcellulose,HPC)作为添加剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了多孔TiO2薄膜,通过改变HPC的添加量获取了不同微观结构的TiO2薄膜,进而改变了薄膜的亲水性性能。用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、透射电镜、对样品的微观结构进行了分析,并测试了亲水性和光催化性。结果表明：HPC的加入使TiO2薄膜中晶粒尺寸变小,表面粗糙度增加。经HPC改性后的薄膜在紫外光照3h后,亲水性能比未改性的TiO2有明显的提高,同时HPC改性也提高了TiO2的光催化性能。     

Radiation resistant metal decorated MWCNTs/PMMA nanocomposite films with enhanced thermomechanical properties

UV/O₃ radiation and chemical resistant nanocomposite films of functionalized/metal decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are synthesized. Silver nanoparticles are decorated on the surface of UV/O₃ functionalized MWCNTs by both reduction and in situ growth from AgNO₃ aqueous solution. Microscopic studies reflect the better dispersion of UV/O₃ functionalized/silver decorated MWCNTs in polymer matrix contributing in enhancement of thermal stability, thermomechanical strength, glass transition temperatures, and thermal conductivity of nanocomposites even at 0.25 wt% MWCNTs additions. The thermal stability of nanocomposite film (0.25 wt% loading), prepared by using a surfactant (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) is increased to about 27°C while the thermomechanical properties are raised up to 76% at 100°C. Thermal and thermomechanical behavior of pre‐ and post‐UV/O₃ irradiated nanocomposite films are compared with neat polymer. The results reveal that UV/O₃ functionalized MWCNTs can effectively disperse the radiation and have a dramatic reinforcement effect on the nature of the degradation of PMMA matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:969–978, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

超疏水/超亲油SiO2薄膜的制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法以正硅酸乙酯和甲基三乙氧基硅烷为共前驱体制备纳米疏水SiO2溶胶,经十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(dodecyltrimethoxysilane,DTMS)改性后,制备出SiO2粒子薄膜,用红外光谱分析SiO2粒子的化学组成,用透射电镜观察凝胶时间对SiO2粒子形貌的影响,用扫描电镜和接触角表征SiO2涂膜的表...     

丙烯酸酯聚氨酯/SiO2纳米复合涂层结构与形态对其耐刮伤性影响研究

以四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)作为主要前驱体,通过改变溶胶-凝胶工艺参数制得了结构和形态各异的丙烯酸酯聚氨酯/SiO2纳米复合涂层,利用TEM、SAXS等手段表征涂层的结构与形态,由洗刷前后涂层的失光率来表征耐刮伤性,详细探讨了纳米复合涂层耐刮伤性与SiO2相特征、有机无机相作用力及SiO2质量分数之间的关系。研究表明:丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂层中引入纳米SiO2相后,耐刮伤性明显提高。有机相与SiO2相之间的作用力是影响涂层耐刮伤性的最重要因素,作用力越强,耐刮伤性越好。网络状纳米SiO2与颗粒状纳米SiO2相比,更有利于耐刮伤性的提高,且网络状纳米SiO2质量分数越大,耐刮伤性越佳,但SiO2相的致密度和尺寸对耐刮伤性影响较小。对于颗粒状胶体SiO2,在15~160 nm范围内,粒径对耐刮伤性没有明显影响;随着胶体SiO2粒子的质量分数增加,耐刮伤性先增大后减小。     

Preparation and characterization of acrylic polymer nanocomposite films obtained from aqueous dispersions

A functionalized fumed silica was dispersed in water using a nonionic surfactant, yielding a stable nanodispersion. This was blended with an aqueous acrylic polymer dispersion to produce hybrid nanocomposite films. The silica particles were shown to be well dispersed in the polymer matrix, with little agglomeration. Further evidence of good compatibility between the silica and acrylic polymer was given by the improved thermal stability of the nanocomposite compared with the pristine polymer. The nanocomposite films exhibited significantly lower dirt pick‐up behavior, which seems to be associated to the nanoroughness of the composite film surface observed in AFM analysis. This decreases the contact area between film and micrometric dirt particles. Surface tension and hardness do not seem to be significantly different in the composite and noncomposite materials. This approach may provide a strategy to obtain hybrid coatings with self‐cleaning properties, taking advantage of the relatively low cost, and large availability of fumed silica. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Effect of silane functionalized alumina on poly(vinyl butyral) nanocomposite films: Thermal,mechanical, and moisture barrier studies

In this work, a hybrid‐polymer nanocomposite film, based on polyvinyl butyral/amino‐silane functionalized nano alumina, was fabricated by melt processing. The calcium degradation measurements suggest the functionalized nanocomposite films exhibit higher resistance towards moisture penetration as compared to the neat alumina loaded films. Thermal stability, mechanical strength, and contact angle studies of the composites were also conducted to evaluate the performance of the functionalized alumina loaded films. These nanocomposite films were encapsulated over Al/P3HT/ITO Schottky structured device. The changes observed in the current density of the devices to the applied voltage before and after accelerated aging conditions are presented. The nanocomposite with functionalized alumina films exhibits 50% change in current density, which is superior to that attained with neat and non‐functionalized films. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1426–1435, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers