The regional labor market adjustment process: Determinants of changes in rates of labor force participation,unemployment, and migration

This paper employs a simultaneous-equations model to examine the regional labor market adjustment process for a sample of United States counties over the 1960–1970 period. The interaction between employment change and migration is well known, but that between employment change and labor force participation has been largely neglected. Labor force participation response, especially among women, is shown to be an important endogenous element in the labor market adjustment process. Important asymmetries are also evident between growing and declining regions, and these asymmetries suggest that the well-established link between employment and migration may have more force in growing than in declining areas.This study was supported by a grant from the Economic Development Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.     

Regional labor force participation and the discouraged worker hypothesis: Some empirical evidence

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the economic determination of the regional labor supply. In explaining the regional level of labor force participation two models are compared: the unemployment model based on the discouraged worker hypothesis and the neoclassical model of labor force participation. It is shown that a migration model complements the neoclassical model and provides an alternative interpretation of the discouraged worker hypothesis, this reinterpretation provides an explanation for the failure of the unemployment model at the regional level when it is quite successful at the national level.     

Urban Planning and Urban Sprawl in Korea

This research focuses on the issues of urban sprawl in Korea. The urban sprawl phenomenon began around the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) at the beginning of the 1990 s. The research reviews the situation in other cities around the country, and analyzes the causes of urban sprawl, such as population concentrations around the SMA, the failure of planning systems, land conversion and land prices. In particular, this article attempts to explain the increase in land price by using empirical data on the areas under investigation. The article also attempts to present planning alternatives to prevent further urban sprawl.     

Urban unemployment and the backward incidence of pollution control

This paper employs a mobile capital version of the Harris-Todaro model to analyze the backward incidence of pollution abatement policies on some key variables of interest. Among other things, we show that national incomemay fall as a result of stronger pollution controls. However, more restrictive pollution controls cause the urban rate of unemployment to fall unambiguously.     

Transition and unemployment in Central Europe: How redundant workers fare in regional labor markets

This study analyses whether redundant workers are stigmatized in regional labor markets, and if so, examines the severity of the effects. Stigmatization, possibly an outcome of statistical discrimination, is assumed to obtain whenever likelihoods of long-term unemployment are systematically elevated among otherwise equivalent individuals, due to involuntary job-loss. Such effects are considered during early transition in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Poland, and within a modeling framework whereby current search duration (likelihood of long-term unemployment) and benefit receipt are jointly-determined. Although econometric estimates of long-term unemployment indicate significant and persistent stigmatization within the Slovak Republic and Poland; underlying causation apparently differs between countries. Received: 8 March, 2001 / Accepted: 19 December 2001 RID="*" ID"*"The authors wishes to thank the Luxembourg Employment Study (LES) for providing access to the five labor force surveys upon which this study is based, and is especially appreciative of assistance provided, on multiple occasions, by Elena Bardasi (former LES Coordinator). Appreciation is also extended to three anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions.     

Rural-urban labor migration: The case of Korea

This paper examines the significance of selected economic determinants of rural-urban migration within the rural and urban labor markets of the postwar Korean economy. The analysis makes explicit provision for possible simultaneity among variables by specification and estimation of a simultaneous equations system which describes the rural and urban labor market and migration behavior. Results obtained support the economic opportunity hypothesis of migration. Reduced forms derived from this system provide useful means for estimating the potential migration response associated with alternative economic policies.The helpful suggestions received from Professors B. Delworth Gardner, Kenneth Lyon, Yun Kim, and Warren Mazek are gratefully acknowledged.     

Labor force mobility in the United States: migration,unemployment, and remigration

"This study examines the relationships between pre- and post-move unemployment and interstate migration of the United States labor force for the period 1965 to 1970. Multivariate analyses are conducted for several large occupation groups. The results indicate a strong link between unemployment and migration. Unemployment increases migration possibilities for each large occupation group considered. Substantial post-move unemployment exists, but there is a significant link between migration and such unemployment only for blue-collar workers who are repeat migrants."     

浅谈农村富余劳动力的转移——吉林省农村富余劳动力转移情况的调查

十六大提出:农村富余劳动力向非农产业和城镇转移,是工业化的必然趋势。要消除不利于城镇化发展的体制和障碍,引导农村劳动力合理有序流动。 为寻找有效途径,有组织、有秩序、有计划、有步骤地实现农村富余劳动力的转移,吉林省建设厅村镇处     

考察韩国首尔城市建设的相关启示

本文根据作者对韩国首都首尔的考察情况,对首尔在城市规划、体育场馆及城市建筑等方面的特点作了较详细的介绍,并由此得到相关启示和提出了相关建议。为北京的城市建设工作提供一定的参考。     

Historical and current spatial differences in female labour force participation: Evidence from Germany

Female labour force participation (FLFP) increased significantly in the 20th century. Nevertheless, there are persisting spatial differences in FLFP. Using data from Germany, this paper demonstrates that regional differences in the degree of industrialization in the 1920s explain spatial variation in FLFP at that time and almost 100 years later. The latter finding is not explained by persisting industry structures. Additionally, there is evidence that regions with historically high FLFP have a higher social acceptance of working women. Together these results suggest that policies to increase FLFP should account for the historical context of each region.     

The evolution of knowledge in the labor force during industrial structuring in Japan

This paper tracks the progression of knowledge levels in the labor force between 1975 and 1985 in the Japanese economy as a whole and it's fifty three component sectors, utilizing a measure of knowledge which reflects the worker's educational level and vocational preparation, verbal, numerical and analytical capability and his/her ability to synthesize inferences and knowledge. The links between the worker's knowledge levels and the economic fortunes of industries are inferred for various sectors particularly those with divergent patterns of comparative advantage. Changes in the levels of knowledge embodied in all workers in the different industries are decomposed into their sources: technical change, changes in the structure of final demand, changes in labor productivity, and the changes in the component structure of occupation. The analysis of these sources highlights the facilitating role of human capital changes in Japan in an era of considerable structural change.     

The impact of migrant labor force on housing construction of Iran

Iran has been host to a large number of migrants, mostly Afghan refugees, since 1982. They have been permitted to take jobs in the Iranian labor market, particularly in labor-intensive sectors like manual work and construction that could not easily be filled by nationals. This paper provides a critical review of the impact of Afghan laborers on the performance of the Iranian construction sector during the period 2006–2009 using data envelopment analysis. The results show that, despite the high costs incurred by Iran as host to more than one million refugees, the country has also benefited from the presence of the Afghans. The statistical analysis reveals a significant difference between the efficiency scores of the states using more migrant Afghan labor and those with a lower concentration of these laborers in construction activities. Most of the states that are technically efficient in construction activities have the opportunity to employ Afghan migrants, a labor force that is very competitive and flexible at wages that are unattractive to Iranians. As a result, the Iranian government’s repatriation program for Afghan refugees could be limited because of the low levels of substitution among Afghan and Iranian workers in the field of construction.     

农村剩余劳动力转移的现实思考与理性选择

我国农村劳动力约有5亿左右,而农业生产仅需劳动力不过2亿,大量转移农村富余劳动力,是彻底解决“三农”问题的关键。在转移农村富余劳动力必须要创新思维,尽快制定短中长期转移农村富余劳动力的规划,坚持农内与农外主渠道相结合、以提高农村劳动力素质为出发点,多管齐下,有计划、有组织、有步骤地解决农村富余劳动力问题。 一、继续发挥农内的蓄水池作用,缓解转移矛盾 解决农村富余劳动力就业的出路目前主要还是在农村,要靠农业本身。在当前,我们可以抓住农业结构调整的契机,以产业化经营为纽带,促进农村富余劳动力在农业内部转移,以…     

高职院校开展建筑业农村劳动力转移培训的策略

针对目前农村劳动力转移培训工作存在的问题,结合三亚某学院近年的农村劳动力转移培训经验,提出了高职院校在建筑业农村劳动力转移培训方面的一些策略,从而促进农村劳动力就业。     

绿色低碳城市更新：韩国经验与启示

在国家生态文明建设和实施城市更新行动的背景下,对绿色低碳城市更新的研究是当前的热点与难点。梳理分析了韩国低碳绿色城市更新的概念内涵、研究进展、指标体系,通过清州案例介绍了韩国低碳绿色城市更新规划的内容、指标和技术体系,以及碳排放量计算的逻辑方法等,剖析了中国的发展现状和存在的问题,并结合韩国经验提出了相应的改善建议。包括:引入明确的绿色低碳城市更新概念;将绿色低碳城市更新纳入国家重点研发与示范项目;以人民为中心,社会参与指标体系构建;以研究为基础,通过国家和地方的努力创新和修正相关制度体系;运用系统化手段对更新区各耦合体系进行全局性的更新规划和全面的绿色低碳升级等。     

Regional unemployment in Turkey

High unemployment rates are a concern for a country, existence of high regional unemployment differentials is another. Turkey has both. This paper using spatial and nonparametric techniques documents the wide regional unemployment disparities in Turkey from 1980 to 2000. Data indicate that the provincial unemployment rates are quite persistent and the gap across different regions widens even further with spatial clusters emerging across the country. The evidence indicates that human capital and demand deficiency are the sources of observed disparity across provinces. Furthermore, the sources of unemployment differentials have changed over time.     

农业劳动力转移状况及其经济影响

一、农业劳动力转移:总的情况改革开放以前,农村劳动力被长期禁锢在农业领域。 改革开放之后,家庭承包经营体制释放了农民的生产积极性,农产品产量迅速增长,同时,农村非农产业也迅速发展起来,从而带动了农业劳动力大规模向非农业领域的转移。