稀土、钒变质低镍铬钼离心复合铸铁轧辊的研制与应用

研制生产一种新型螺纹钢、线材的热精轧轧辊,生产表明,采用稀土、钒变质的低镍铬钼离心复合铸铁辊,生产成本较低,耐磨性、抗热疲劳等综合效果较好,其性能已在正常生产条件下达到并超过高镍铬钼精轧铸铁辊,多元微合金化研究给生产带来良好的效益.     

K/Na-V-Mo复合变质对轧辊用高速钢组织及性能的影响

通过对轧辊用高速钢进行复合变质及热处理。探讨了含碱金属K/Na以及V、Mo合金元素的变质剂的加入量对轧辊用铸造高速钢共晶组织的影响。试验结果表明：在1．0％范围内，随着复合变质剂含量的逐渐增加，共晶碳化物的形貌和分布得到了改善，晶粒得到细化，分布趋于均匀，轧辊用高速钢的硬度略有下降，但韧性有很大提高。变质剂含量继续增加，组织和性能没有明显改善。进一步分析表明：变质剂中的合金元素可促进在晶粒中或沿晶界均匀分布的非连续状硬质碳化物的生成．从而达到改善组织、提高力学性能的作用。     

一种新型高铬白口铸铁变质剂在生产中的应用

通过使用钇基重稀土复合变质剂,能改善碳化物的形态和分布,提高材料的综合性能;并减少Ni、Mo、Cu 合金元素的加入量,起到了良好的经济效益。     

一种新型高铬白口铸铁变质剂在生产中的应用

通过使用钇基重稀土复合变质剂，能改善碳化物的形态和分布，提高材料的综合性能；并碱少Ni、Mo、Cu合金元素的加入量，起到了良好的经济效益。     

含稀土的复合变质剂对高铬铸铁冲击韧性的改善

对高铬铸铁铁液选择合适的变质剂进行变质处理,可以增加高铬铸铁件的冲击韧性,延长高铬铸铁件的使用寿命,甚至降低高铬铸铁贵重合金元素的应用,降低生产成本.高铬铸铁件生产中可以使用的含稀土的复合变质剂包括轻稀土复合变质剂和含重稀土的复合变质剂.     

稀土铝复合变质对轧辊用镍铬钼冷硬铸铁组织与性能的影响

向离心复合铸造镍铬钼铸铁轧辊材料添加复合变质剂RE-Al进行变质处理,研究其对镍铬钼铸铁材料组织与性能的影响。结果表明:RE-Al变质处理,能使铁液得到净化并强化晶界,改善共晶碳化物的形貌与分布,使碳化物由网状破碎为块条状且分布均匀,细化奥氏体晶粒组织。在添加变质剂RE为0.3%、Al为0.3%时,其变质处理后的综合性能最好。     

热处理对RE-Nb变质无限冷硬铸铁组织与性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等分析手段,研究了热处理工艺对离心铸造变质无限冷硬铸铁轧辊组织和性能的影响。结果表明,变质无限冷硬铸铁轧辊的铸态组织是贝氏体+碳化物+少量马氏体+极少量残余奥氏体+蠕虫状石墨。经热处理后,变质无限冷硬铸铁轧辊组织中少量的残余奥氏体几乎消失,贝氏体数量明显增多。随着回火温度升高,试样的硬度降低,冲击韧度先升高后下降。250℃回火时,试样具有最优的综合力学性能。     

铌、钒含量对碳化物增强型无限冷硬铸铁轧辊显微组织的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜以及X-射线能谱议,分析了碳化物增强型无限冷硬铸铁轧辊的基体组织特性、碳化物和石墨的形态及分布特点。显微观察分析结果表明,熔化过程中加入钒会显著降低石墨含量;随着铌含量的增加,NbC的数量相应增多;添加的铌含量超过一定限度, NbC大量偏聚于轧辊外层。     

钇基重稀土复合变质剂在高铬耐磨白口铁中的应用研究

发明了一种钇基重稀土复合变质剂变质,通过重稀土钇变质处理,同时结合合适的热处理工艺,能有效改善高铬耐磨白口铁中碳化物和基体组织的形态分布,强化基体。提高了高铬耐磨白口铁力学性能;使用复合变质剂变质处理后,能降低高铬耐磨白口铁中合金元素Mo、Cu、Ni、Cr的加入量。有利于节能降耗、降低生产成本。在厂家应用中取得了良好的经济效益。     

15Cr-2Mo铸铁的强韧性研究

利用正交实验研究了RE—V—Ti—B复合变质对15Cr一2Mo铸铁强韧性的影响，结果表明，当复合变质剂的加入量为0．3％RE-0．1％V-0．2％Ti-0．1％B时，能显著细化组织，使组织中的网状碳化物变为粒状或条状，此时强韧性最佳。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.