生物质气化发电燃气焦油脱除方法的探讨

生物质气化发电技术的最大难点之一就是如何除去燃气中含有的焦油等污染物,这些成分会对燃气轮机或内燃机等设备造成一定的影响.因此生物质气化发电过程中燃气焦油的脱除是目前国内外重点研究和解决的课题之一.文章在研究国内外大量有关文献资料的基础上,深入阐述了气化过程中焦油产生的机理、影响焦油生成的因素以及焦油的脱除方法,重点探讨了目前较为有效的焦油热化学脱除方法,即焦油的热裂解和催化裂解方法,以期为生物质气化发电燃气焦油的脱除提供一些思路和参考.     

中国生物质气化发电技术的商业化分析

生物质气化发电技术是一种新型清洁发电技术,与传统火力发电技术相比,避免了CO2、SO2、NOx等有害气体的排放。“八五”、“九五”期间,科技部大力支持了生物质气化发电技术的研发工作和示范项目建设,取得了重要进展。但是,该技术的大规模推广最终必须依靠市场机制,实现商业化;而公共政策会在技术商业化过程中发挥重要的作用。该文简要介绍了生物质气化发电技术在我国发展的背景,研究了生物质气化技术的市场竞争力,分析了公共政策在生物质气化发电技术商业化过程中的作用。     

生物质气化发电过程建模与优化

目前国内外在生物质气化发电技术方面,由于缺乏对生物质气化过程特性的建模和参数优化问题的研究,使得生物质燃气中焦油量和污染物的含量过高,燃气品质难以保证,进而对燃气轮机发电机组产生不利的影响,降低了气化燃气的利用价值。因此,对于生物质发电气化过程的建模和重要参数优化控制的研究和探讨具有重要的意义。     

浅谈生物质气化在发电技术应用

随着经济的发展,世界各国电力需求猛增,电力供应日益紧张,在这种环境下,通过气化发电技术,把生物质能转化为电能,既能大规模处理生物质废料,又能提供电力,具有明显的社会和经济效益。介绍了生物质气化发电技术的国内外发展现状,着重讲述了生物质气化发电技术的原理、特点和分类,以及各类生物质气化发电技术的特点,分析了生物质气化发电技术的社会效益及应用前景。指出在我国这样一个农业大国应该大力发展生物质气化发电技术。     

生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术的应用

生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术是生物质资源利用的重要发展方向。根据生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术的原理,进行生物质气化耦合燃煤发电的实际应用,研究该技术在应用过程中存在的一些问题及对策,说明生物质气化耦合燃煤发电是生物质高效和经济的应用途径之一。     

生物质气化—燃料电池发电系统性能分析

建立了基于热力学平衡的生物质气化模型,利用平衡模型分析了气化过程的特性,研究了气化过程的反应规律及各种因素对气化性能指标的影响,详细分析了当量比及物料湿度对气体产物成分及气化产物热值的影响.同时,建立了以生物质气为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池的数学模型,该模型考虑了燃料电池的能斯特电动势及各种极化损失.利用建立的模型分析了操作参数以及物料湿度和生物质种类对生物质气化—燃料电池发电系统性能的影响.结果表明,生物质气化—燃料电池发电系统的发电效率可达30％,热电联产效率最高可达95％以上.     

基于热化学平衡的生物质气化过程建模

生物质气化是生物质能利用的主要形式之一。通过对生物质气化过程的分析,建立了一种基于热化学平衡机理的气化过程平衡模型。详细介绍了模型的原理、建立过程以及模型的求解和验证。计算结果表明,模型能够对生物质的气化过程中的反应特性起到预测作用,为今后生物质气化过程的参数优化和控制计算提供了一定的理论依据。     

农业生物质气化发电技术应用分析

本文从农业生物质气化过程的特点出发，分析了各种气化发电系统的技术水平及技术关键，同时从经济及社会的角度，分析了各种农业生物质气化发电设备的效益，指出只要继续提高技术水平并降低成本，农业生物质气化发电技术将很快进入工业应用，并在开源节流方面发挥重要的作用。     

生物质气化发电机技术（1）气化发电的工作原理及工艺流程

１气化发电工作原理生物质气化发电技术的基本原理是把生物质转化为可燃气,再利用可燃气推动燃气发电设备进行发电。它既能解决生物质难于燃用而且分布分散的缺点,又可以充分发挥燃气发电技术设备紧凑而且污染少的优点,所以气化发电是生物质能最有效最洁净的利用方法之一。气化发电过程包括３个方面：一是生物质气化,把固体生物质转化为气体燃料;二是气体净化,气化出来的燃气都含有一定的杂质,包括灰分、焦炭和焦油等,需经过净化系统把杂质除去,以保证燃气发电设备的正常运行;三是燃气发电,利用燃气轮机或燃气内燃机进行发电,有…     

生物质发电技术发展探讨

联系生物质发电技术的发展趋势,分别对生物质直接燃烧发电技术、生物质与煤混合直燃发电技术和生物质气化发电技术进行深入分析,并对比生物质直燃技术和生物质气化技术的优劣势。     

Hydrogen and syngas production from biomass gasification for fuel cell application

Gasification process is being developed to produce a clean and efficient gas flue from fuels such as coal, biomass, and solid/liquid wastes for power generation. In this work, a biomass gasification kinetic model that can predict reaction temperature, gasification performance, and gas composition has been developed for a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Experimental data from a CFB power plant have been used to validate the model. It is confirmed that the addition of steam is important for increasing the hydrogen concentration and syngas caloric value. Based on the predicted results, an optimal condition is suggested for air and steam gasification in the CFB gasifier.     

固定床煤气化过程机理模型综述

固定床气化炉是一种技术成熟、应用最广的高热效率和高碳转化率的反应器。对其气化过程进行精确的定量描述是过程设计与控制最优化的先决条件。对气化过程进行描述最常用的方法是建立机理模型,重点分析评述了固定床气化炉的机理模型,并针对机理模型的发展现状提出了固定床气化炉机理模型的发展方向。     

生物质气化发电

生物质气化发电系统采用农业、林业和工业废弃物为原料 ,也可以以城市垃圾为原料。固定床气化炉用于小规模气化发电系统 ,采用内燃机发电方式 ;流化床气化炉用于大、中规模气化发电系统 ,采用燃气轮机或蒸汽轮机发电方式 ,也可采用内燃机发电方式。图 1表 2参 2。     

Design of an integrated process for simultaneous chemical looping hydrogen production and electricity generation with CO2 capture

This study was aimed at proposing a novel integrated process for co-production of hydrogen and electricity through integrating biomass gasification, chemical looping combustion, and electrical power generation cycle with CO₂ capture. Syngas obtained from biomass gasification was used as fuel for chemical looping combustion process. Calcium oxide metal oxide was used as oxygen carrier in the chemical looping system. The effluent stream of the chemical looping system was then transferred through a bottoming power generation cycle with carbon capture capability. The products achieved through the proposed process were highly-pure hydrogen and electricity generated by chemical looping and power generation cycle, respectively. Moreover, LNG cold energy was used as heat sink to improve the electrical power generation efficiency of the process. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to scrutinize the effects of influential parameters, i.e., carbonator temperature, steam/biomass ratio, gasification temperature, gas turbine inlet stream temperature, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) flow rate on the plant performance. Overall, the optimum heat integration was achieved among the sub-systems of the plant while a high energy efficiency and zero CO₂ emission were also accomplished. The findings of the present study could assist future investigations in analyzing the performance of integrated processes and in investigating optimal operating conditions of such systems.     

An update technology for integrated biomass gasification combined cycle power plant

A discussion is presented on the technical analysis of a 6.4 MW_e integrated biomass gasification combined cycle (IBGCC) plant. It features three numbers of downdraft biomass gasifier systems with suitable gas clean-up trains, three numbers of internal combustion (IC) producer gas engines for producing 5.85 MW electrical power in open cycle and 550 kW power in a bottoming cycle using waste heat. Comparing with IC gas engine single cycle systems, this technology route increases overall system efficiency of the power plant, which in turn improves plant economics. Estimated generation cost of electricity indicates that mega-watt scale IBGCC power plants can contribute to good economies of scale in India. This paper also highlight’s the possibility of activated carbon generation from the char, a byproduct of gasification process, and use of engine’s jacket water heat to generate chilled water through VAM for gas conditioning.     

生物质直燃和混燃发电环境效益分析

利用生物质代替矿物燃料发电可以减少CO2和SO2的排放量。确定了燃煤机组CO2和SO2排放量基准,建立生物质发电的CO2和SO2的排放量模型及其偏差模型;计算不同发电方式下CO2和SO2的生成量及减排量;分析了气化炉气化效率对生物质发电CO2和SO2生成量的影响。结果表明,提高生物质发电效率和气化效率可以显著降低CO2和SO2的排放;生物质发电的环境效益明显优于燃煤发电,而生物质气化合成气与煤混燃发电的环境效益优于生物质直燃发电。     

Comparisons of MHD topping combined power generation systems

The efficiencies of six MHD topping combined power generation systems and one gas turbine topping combined system driven by different combinations of fuel and oxidant supply schematics were compared and classified on the bases of overall chemical reaction models for the combustion and gasification processes. The primary fuel was carbon that modeled a coal. The fuel types considered were coal and coal-synthesized gases which were provided by either conventional top gasification or by the tail gasification process. The oxidant was either pure oxygen, oxygen enriched air or air. In the MHD topping cases, the oxidant was preheated to each appropriate temperature. The enthalpy extraction of the corresponding power generation units in the topping and bottoming systems and the temperatures at the inlets of regenerators as well as at the stacks were assumed to be identical in all cases, except the inlet temperatures at the recuperative air heaters and the steam generators. We showed that the tail gasification system with an MHD topping and a combined gas turbine and steam turbine bottoming exhibited the highest plant efficiency insofar as it was based on the state-of-the-art technology of the power generation units and the heat exchanger.     

地下煤炭气化发电机组运行特性分析

地下煤气化的产物除用作矿区居民家用燃料,还用内燃机组进行了地下煤气化发电的工业性试验.运用     

Simulation of a new biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) power generation system using Aspen Plus: Performance analysis and energetic assessment

A new biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC), which featured an innovative two-stage enriched air gasification system coupling a fluidized bed with a swirl-melting furnace, was proposed and built for clean and efficient biomass utilization. The performance of biomass gasification and power generation under various operating conditions was assessed using a comprehensive Aspen Plus model for system optimization. The model was validated by pilot-scale experimental data and gas turbine regulations, showing good agreement. Parameters including oxygen percentage of enriched air (OP), gasification temperature, excess air ratio and compressor pressure ratio were studied for BIGCC optimization. Results showed that increase OP could effectively improve syngas quality and two-stage gasification efficiency, enhancing the gas turbine inlet and outlet temperature. The maximum BIGCC fuel utilization efficiency could be obtained at OP of 40%. Increasing gasification temperature showed a negative effect on the two-stage gasification performance. For efficient BIGCC operation, the excess air ratio should be below 3.5 to maintain a designed gas turbine inlet temperature. Modest increase of compressor pressure ratio favored the power generation. Finally, the BIGCC energy analysis further proved the rationality of system design and sufficient utilization of biomass energy.