GENDER IN THE EMERGING URBAN WORK FORCE

ABSTRACT: Industrial restructuring has had a substantial impact on gender differences in work outcomes within urban labor markets. Structural shifts weakened existing patterns of production and employment and redefined jobs, work relations, and market dependencies. The evidence reported here indicates that the emerging national norm will form as a composite of diverse regional market experience. This diversity is demonstrated in tracking the evolving structure of labor demand and of the options available to people seeking work in the nation's largest cities. It is here that women have claimed almost two-thirds of all new jobs created since 1970. In every sector but the services, women recorded superior intergender competitiveness. Growth in female employment, however, has encompassed disproportionate gains in the moderate and high skill market segments and a marked lag in gains at the entry level, particularly in the class of cities characterized by relatively high resident need and declining population.     

基于产权结构的广州市建筑业市场绩效评价研究

本文分别从产值、成本控制和利润三个方面的选取指标对广州市建筑业不同所有制企业的经营绩效进行了评价.研究显示股份制企业、有限责任制企业和私营企业的经营绩效较优,市场份额亦在快速提升中,而经济绩效最差的集体所有制企业已经被市场基本淘汰.总体来看,广州市的建筑市场实行了优胜劣汰,人均劳动生产率和利润额稳步增长,市场绩效良好.     

浅谈建筑业劳动定额与劳动力市场价格

分析了建筑劳动力市场和建筑市场,研究了建筑业劳动定额与劳动力市场价格的发展,强调了研究劳动力市场价格的重要性,提出了对劳动力市场加强宏观调控与管理的对策,以促进建筑企业的发展。     

WELFARE DEPENDENCY UNDER DEPRESSED LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS: LESSONS FROM THE 1970s FOR THE 1980s

Using panel data collected in 1969 and 1973, comparable path models of welfare dependency are developed and estimated. The models represent specifications of an integrated model of welfare dependency derived from human capital, dual labor market and family coping theories of economic behavior. As compared to 1969, 1973 is a depressed labor market year in terms of unemployment and total female employment. Comparative analysis of the models reveals that the quality of past labor market experience is an important determinant of dependency even in a depressed labor market. It is also found that adult or teenage assistance in low income female-headed households is of great benefit in adapting to poor labor market conditions. Based on these and other findings, recommendations for income maintenance policy in the 1980s are discussed in the final section.     

Occupational segregation in a country of recent mass immigration: evidence from Spain

The aim of this paper is to study the occupational segregation of immigrants in Spain. It analyzes whether age, educational level, gender, region of origin, and years of residence in Spain affect the distribution of immigrants across occupations. In addition, given the remarkable increase of immigrants in the last few years and the adjustments that have occurred in the Spanish labor market from the current economic crisis, the evolution of the occupational segregation of immigrants between 1996 and 2009 is addressed. For these purposes, several measures recently proposed in the literature are used.     

工程劳务分包市场的现状与对策

通过对建筑工程劳务分包现状的分析,指出当前劳务分包市场存在的主要问题,提出通过加强相关法律法规的制定、培育合格主体、强化市场机制、发展劳务分包信息平台、建立总承包单位负责制以及加强劳务制度的保障与监察等措施的实施,以使建筑工程劳务分包企业健康发展。     

建筑业劳务层管理的困境与对策

针对建筑业劳务队伍在建筑管理中的问题,阐述了建筑劳务用工市场当前存在的主要问题、形成的原因,从规范市场、行业引导、自身培养等几个方面对建筑劳务用工市场的发展提出相应建议。     

Foreign labor and regional labor markets: aggregate and disaggregate impact on growth and wages in Danish regions

Foreign labor has become a central issue in Western Europe. This paper tests whether (1) inflows of foreign labor affect regional growth, and thereby whether employment opportunities for Danish workers are affected; (2) inflows of foreign labor lower real wage growth. We find that foreign labor has non-negative effects on the job opportunities for Danish workers in regional labor markets, whereas the evidence of a regional wage growth effect is mixed. We also present disaggregated results focusing on regional heterogeneity of business structures, skill levels and backgrounds of foreign labor. The results are interpreted within a specific Danish labor market context and the associated regional outcomes. This adds to previous findings and emphasizes the importance of labor market institutions for the effect of foreign labor on regional employment growth.     

Time distances and labor market integration

This article investigates how time distances within and between municipalities determine the spatial extent of local and regional labor markets. As time distances change, the extent of the labor market will also change. Diminishing time distances will bring about increases in labor market size by integrating formerly spatially separate markets. We analyze such processes using accessibility measures derived from a random choice preference function approach. Accessibility is measured in terms of number of jobs, labor supply and supply of service functions. The aim of the work is to illustrate the usefulness of the purpose-specific accessibility measure we introduce.     

DIVERSITY IN URBAN LABOR MARKETS AND AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES

ABSTRACT A modern economy is characterized by diverse mid specialized urban labor markets. In this paper, agglomeration economics are explained by labor specialization in these markets. With increasing returns to scale and with heterogeneous labor and technology. I show that average productivity increases with the size of the market because of better matches between workers and firms. Thus, the net wage increases as the size of the market increases.