隐马尔可夫模型下基于SIFT特征的局部遮挡目标识别

提出一种利用隐马尔可夫模型建立目标特征匹配库来识别图像中局部遮挡目标的新方法。该方法首先通过SIFT算法提取目标SIFT特征,然后采用隐马尔可夫模型对目标所有的SIFT特征进行训练,得到目标SIFT特征对应的模型输出概率范围,将该概率范围作为目标特征匹配库。在对图像中的目标进行识别时,利用目标特征匹配库可以把目标特征从图像所有特征中识别出来,即使目标遮挡比例为60%时,该方法仍能识别出目标。实验结果表明,新方法可以精准地识别出图像中被遮挡目标,能够很好地解决遮挡情况下的目标识别问题。与现有局部遮挡目标识别算法相比,新方法所取得的目标识别率均有所提高。     

人脸特征的SIFT保护算法

人脸识别技术在门禁、视频监控等公共安全领域中的应用日益广泛,人脸特征数据的安全性和隐私性问题成为备受关注的焦点。提出一种基于SIFT的人脸特征安全保护新算法,首次将随机投影应用到对人脸特征数据的保护中。该算法首先利用SIFT特征对旋转、尺度缩放、光照变化等具有较好稳定性的特点,提取有较好鲁棒性的人脸数据;然后根据用户密钥对SIFT特征进行不可逆变换,生成具有可重建性的人脸特征模板数据,从而实现对人脸特征数据的保护。实验表明,该算法在CMU、AR和Feret人脸数据库中均取得较高的识别率,不仅对人脸特征数据具有保护作用,并且对姿势、遮挡和表情的变化具有较高的鲁棒性。     

Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints

This paper presents a method for extracting distinctive invariant features from images that can be used to perform reliable matching between different views of an object or scene. The features are invariant to image scale and rotation, and are shown to provide robust matching across a substantial range of affine distortion, change in 3D viewpoint, addition of noise, and change in illumination. The features are highly distinctive, in the sense that a single feature can be correctly matched with high probability against a large database of features from many images. This paper also describes an approach to using these features for object recognition. The recognition proceeds by matching individual features to a database of features from known objects using a fast nearest-neighbor algorithm, followed by a Hough transform to identify clusters belonging to a single object, and finally performing verification through least-squares solution for consistent pose parameters. This approach to recognition can robustly identify objects among clutter and occlusion while achieving near real-time performance.     

A probabilistic integrated object recognition and tracking framework

This paper describes a probabilistic integrated object recognition and tracking framework called PIORT, together with two specific methods derived from it, which are evaluated experimentally in several test video sequences. The first step in the proposed framework is a static recognition module that provides class probabilities for each pixel of the image from a set of local features. These probabilities are updated dynamically and supplied to a tracking decision module capable of handling full and partial occlusions. The two specific methods presented use RGB color features and differ in the classifier implemented: one is a Bayesian method based on maximum likelihood and the other one is based on a neural network. The experimental results obtained have shown that, on one hand, the neural net based approach performs similarly and sometimes better than the Bayesian approach when they are integrated within the tracking framework. And on the other hand, our PIORT methods have achieved better results when compared to other published tracking methods in video sequences taken with a moving camera and including full and partial occlusions of the tracked object.     

基于SIFT和Hough变换的人脸识别

针对光照、表情、遮挡、几何变化等情况下的人脸识别问题,提出一种基于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)和增强Hough变换的人脸识别方法。利用SIFT的位置、尺度、方向和描述符4个信息,通过增强Hough变换消除错配,将候选匹配点和离散点距离进行加权累计获得高辨别力的匹配分。在AR人脸数据库上的测试结果表明,在只选取每人1幅图像作为模板的情况下,能够获得近99.6%的识别率。     

3维物体SIFT特征的提取与应用

SIFT(scale-invariant feature transform)算法自提出以来,就因其优越的性能（尺度不变性、旋转不变性、抗噪声能力强、受光照变化影响小等）,而备受图像图形领域研究者的青睐。该算法的核心特征（SIFT特征）基于局部梯度,能够抵抗图像大幅度的伸缩、旋转等,很好地满足了3维物体识别的实际需要。而SIFT特征对投影变换的相对敏感性恰可用于3维模型的视点空间划分,且划分依据与匹配依据一致,能够有效提高匹配准确度。合理设置SIFT算法的阈值还可以有效处理物体背景分割等技术问题。通过充分的预处理,能够有效降低SIFT算法计算复杂度高,使得系统基本达到实时匹配。总之,将SIFT特征应用在3维物体识别系统中的视点空间划分、背景物体分割、模式特征匹配等模块,可以有效地提高系统的识别速度与效率,增强系统的稳定性。     

Detection, Localization, and Sex Classification of Faces from Arbitrary Viewpoints and under Occlusion

This paper presents a novel framework for detecting, localizing, and classifying faces in terms of visual traits, e.g., sex or age, from arbitrary viewpoints and in the presence of occlusion. All three tasks are embedded in a general viewpoint-invariant model of object class appearance derived from local scale-invariant features, where features are probabilistically quantified in terms of their occurrence, appearance, geometry, and association with visual traits of interest. An appearance model is first learned for the object class, after which a Bayesian classifier is trained to identify the model features indicative of visual traits. The framework can be applied in realistic scenarios in the presence of viewpoint changes and partial occlusion, unlike other techniques assuming data that are single viewpoint, upright, prealigned, and cropped from background distraction. Experimentation establishes the first result for sex classification from arbitrary viewpoints, an equal error rate of 16.3 percent, based on the color FERET database. The method is also shown to work robustly on faces in cluttered imagery from the CMU profile database. A comparison with the geometry-free bag-of-words model shows that geometrical information provided by our framework improves classification. A comparison with support vector machines demonstrates that Bayesian classification results in superior performance.     

结构上下文:一种新的物体类别描述符

局部描述符(如SIFT)方法能够将图像中关键点的局部表观信息作为图像的特征,具有旋转不变性、尺度变换不变性、仿射不变性等性质,被广泛应用于物体分类、物体识别、图像匹配等领域。但是,它存在一个重要缺陷:只能描述物体的局部特征,忽略了整个物体的构造,而这在表示物体时是非常重要的。设计了一个新的"结构上下文"局部描述符,通过当前关键点和其他关键点间的空间拓扑结构关系描述各个关键点的特征。实验证明这种描述符在描述相同物体种类时特别有效。     

基于SIFT特征和Fisher的人脸识别方法

针对人脸识别中特征提取和特征分类问题,提出一种基于SIFT特征和Fisher鉴别的人脸识别新方法。采用具有旋转、缩放、平移、光照不变性及部分仿射不变性的SIFT特征作为初级特征,利用Fisher线性鉴别方法再次提取初级特征,从而得到样本的二次特征,通过比较二次特征之间的欧氏距离,得到识别结果。实验结果表明,新的方法具有99．65％的正确识别率,高于Fisher方法和核Fisher方法,识别速度和Fisher方法相当。     

Learning to Recognize Objects with Little Supervision

This paper shows (i) improvements over state-of-the-art local feature recognition systems, (ii) how to formulate principled models for automatic local feature selection in object class recognition when there is little supervised data, and (iii) how to formulate sensible spatial image context models using a conditional random field for integrating local features and segmentation cues (superpixels). By adopting sparse kernel methods, Bayesian learning techniques and data association with constraints, the proposed model identifies the most relevant sets of local features for recognizing object classes, achieves performance comparable to the fully supervised setting, and obtains excellent results for image classification.     

SIFT错配改进的二阶高斯分析

SIFT算子由于其良好的尺度、旋转、光照等不变性而被广泛应用于计算机视觉、目标识别、医学图像处理等领域。但无论采用何种算法,错配难以避免。针对错配点消除的问题,在对SIFT算法及RANSAC算法进行研究的基础上,提出二阶高斯算法。该算法根据特征点间的欧式距离,利用高斯函数为匹配点加权,筛除权值不在阈值范围内的匹配点。实验表明,与RANSAC算法相比,该算法的特征点正确匹配率明显提高,对错配点消除有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于Harris角点和SIFT描述符的高分辨率遥感影像匹配算法

影像匹配是诸多遥感影像处理和影像分析的一个关键环节。传统基于角点的灰度相关匹配算法由于不具备旋转不变性而需要人工干预进行粗匹配,无法实现自动化。SIFT(scale invariant feature transform)算法能很好地解决图像旋转、缩放等问题,但是对于几何结构特征更加清晰、纹理信息更加丰富的高分辨率遥感影像而言,该算法消耗内存多、运算速度慢的问题非常突出。将两者结合,提出基于Harris角点和SIFT描述符的影像匹配算法。实验结果表明,相比SIFT算法,该算法大量缩减了运算时间,同时保留了SIFT描述符的旋转不变性和对光照变化的适应性,克服了灰度相关算法无法实现全自动的缺点,在高分辨率遥感影像匹配上效果较好。     

Improving object recognition by transforming Gabor filter responses

Previous work described a biologically motivated object recognition system with Gabor wavelets as basic feature type. These features are robust against slight distortion, rotation and variation in illumination. We here describe extensions of the system that address image variance due to arbitrary in-plane rotation, substantial scale changes and moderate depth rotation of objects, and to background variation, using simple linear transformation of the Gabor filter responses. The performance of the system is enhanced significantly.     

基于多稀疏分布特征和最近邻分类的物体识别方法

摘 要: 为提高物体识别性能,提出了一种基于多稀疏分布特征和最近邻分类的目标识别方法。首先,提取图像的梯度模值和方向特征,构建梯度模值和方向图像;然后,分别对灰度图像、梯度模值图像和梯度方向图像进行稀疏表示,提取稀疏分布特征,得到融合后的多稀疏分布特征;最后,依据最近邻分类方法进行特征分类,实现物体识别。通过在国际公认的COIL-100和PVOC-2007两个公共测试数据集下进行对比实验,对本文方法的参数选择、鲁棒性和识别性能进行综合评价。实验结果表明,采用本文方法进行物体识别的识别率高于目前经典的SIFT、SURF和ORB方法,是一种有效的物体识别方法。     

基于SIFT 特征和粒子滤波的目标跟踪方法

现有的基于外观的目标跟踪算法,在光照变化和遮挡的情况下,不能准确跟踪目标．针对这个问题,考 虑到尺度不变特征（SIFT 特征）对于光照变换、尺度变换以及仿射变换的不变性,提出了一种利用SIFT 特征建立 目标模型,结合粒子滤波实现目标跟踪的新方法．在跟踪过程中,根据目标模型和候选目标中SIFT 特征点在时间 窗内的匹配情况,自适应更新目标模型的特征点,使模型能够适应目标外观变化．仿真结果证明了方法在不同环境 下的健壮性．     

Partially Occluded Object Recognition Using Statistical Models

In this paper, we present a new Bayesian framework for partially occluded object recognition based on matching extracted local features on a one-to-one basis with object features. We introduce two different statistical models for occlusion: one model assumes that each feature in the model can be occluded independent of whether any other features are occluded, whereas the second model uses spatially correlated occlusion to represent the extent of occlusion. Using these models, the object recognition problem reduces to finding the object hypothesis with largest generalized likelihood. We develop fast algorithms for finding the optimal one-to-one correspondence between scene features and object features to compute the generalized likelihoods under both models. We conduct experiments illustrating the differences between the two occlusion models using different quantitative metrics. We also evaluate the recognition performance of our algorithms using examples extracted from object silhouettes and synthetic aperture radar imagery, and illustrate the performance advantages of our approach over alternative algorithms.     

基于SIFT特征的人耳识别

人耳的角度变化和遮挡是人耳识别中的难点问题,SIFT局部描述算子具有对图像尺度缩放、平移、旋转等的不变性,因此提出利用SIFT特征的人耳识别算法。该算法将人耳图像划分为相互重叠的网格区域,在每个子区域中计算SIFT的局部特征,再计算测试图像与训练图像的匹配相关度作为图像的全局特征,将SIFT的局部和全局特征相结合作为人耳识别的标准。通过在人耳库中的实验表明,此算法优于传统的全局方法,对于人耳角度变化和遮挡具有较好的鲁棒性,并且适用于单训练样本的情况。     

形状的全尺度可视化表示与识别

目的视觉目标的形状特征表示和识别是图像领域中的重要问题。在实际应用中,视角、形变、遮挡和噪声等干扰因素造成识别精度较低,且大数据场景需要算法具有较高的学习效率。针对这些问题,本文提出一种全尺度可视化形状表示方法。方法在尺度空间的所有尺度上对形状轮廓提取形状的不变量特征,获得形状的全尺度特征。将获得的全部特征紧凑地表示为单幅彩色图像,得到形状特征的可视化表示。将表示形状特征的彩色图像输入双路卷积网络模型,完成形状分类和检索任务。结果通过对原始形状加入旋转、遮挡和噪声等不同干扰的定性实验,验证了本文方法具有旋转和缩放不变性,以及对铰接变换、遮挡和噪声等干扰的鲁棒性。在通用数据集上进行形状分类和形状检索的定量实验,所得准确率在不同数据集上均超过对比算法。在MPEG-7数据集上精度达到99.57%,对比算法的最好结果为98.84%。在铰接和射影变换数据集上皆达到100%的识别精度,而对比算法的最好结果分别为89.75%和95%。结论本文提出的全尺度可视化形状表示方法,通过一幅彩色图像紧凑地表达了全部形状信息。通过卷积模型既学习了轮廓点间的形状特征关系,又学习了不同尺度间的形状特征关系。本文方法...