黑莓果实的抗氧化活性研究

在黑莓品种‘Boysen’和‘Kiowa’果实发育过程中测定了其抗氧化活性,结果显示:不同发育期的黑莓果实均表现出较强的清除2,2-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基（DPPH）能力。发育初期黑莓果实清除自由基能力极强,总抗氧化能力值较高,半数有效浓度EC50最低,快速生长期内果实的抗氧化活性剧烈下降,生长停滞期内抗氧化活性下降较为缓慢,成熟期又有一次明显的下降。‘Boysen’品种果实的抗氧化活性较‘Kiowa’品种果实强。      

四川主栽蓝莓品种果实生长发育过程中的品质变化规律

以四川地区主栽蓝莓典型品种‘奥尼尔’、‘布里吉塔’和‘灿烂’为试材,对果实生长发育过程中外观品质、风味品质、质地品质及营养品质等指标进行品质变化规律分析,为四川地区新品种的引进提供品比标准。结果表明,随着果实的生长发育,单果重及纵横径呈上升趋势,果形指数呈不显著的下降趋势,颜色指标L^*、a^*、b^*值变化趋势一致,‘布里吉塔’的蓝色更为显著。果实可滴定酸含量呈下降趋势,可溶性固形物与可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,糖酸比在波动中增加,‘灿烂’增加速度最快。水溶性果胶在果实成熟后期快速增加,与果实硬度呈显著负相关;而碳酸钠可溶性果胶含量呈下降趋势,与果实硬度呈显著正相关。各蓝莓品种果实中花色苷自粉果期开始积累,均在成熟期达到最大值,且三者含量相近。蓝莓果实VC的积累主要在幼果期。可溶性蛋白质含量在果实成熟期均达最大值,且差异显著。3个蓝莓品种的类黄酮和总酚、单宁含量均呈由低到高的变化趋势,但不同品种其含量差异显著。‘灿烂’果实较小,但果胶、花色苷、VC及类黄酮含量丰富;‘布里吉塔’果实中等大小,可溶性蛋白质及总酚含量明显高于其他品种;...     

复合乳酸菌发酵蓝莓黑莓混合汁过程中的品质变化

以鲜榨并经灭菌的蓝莓黑莓混合果汁为原料,接入3种不同的乳酸菌（植物乳杆菌、乳酸乳杆菌、肠膜明串珠杆菌）进行发酵,研究发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数、pH、总酸、总糖、还原糖、总酚、体外抗氧化和抑菌活性变化规律。结果表明,乳酸菌在混合果汁中生长良好,24 h时活菌数最高,为1.23×108 cfu/mL;发酵过程中,pH值不断降低,由最初的5.50降低到3.75,总酸含量呈不断上升趋势,从初始含量0.15 g/100 mL上升到2.15 g/100 mL;还原糖呈先短暂上升然后下降趋势,发酵至6 h为最高值2.63 g/L,总糖被微生物利用消耗, 质量浓度不断下降,42 h后趋于0 g/L;总酚含量从2.32 mg/mL升高到3.26 mg/mL,发酵前后增加了40.52%;DPPH·、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力比未发酵前分别提升了18.17%、30.67%和34.55%。发酵混合汁对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、酿酒酵母和黑曲霉等几种微生物的抑菌作用显著,抑菌效果随发酵时间而逐渐提高。因此,利用复合乳酸菌发酵来提升蓝莓黑莓混合汁品质和开发功能性产品具有重要意义。     

滴灌条件下不同灌水量对无核白鸡心葡萄果实的生长发育及品质的影响

为了研究在滴灌条件下不同土壤水分下限对无核白鸡心葡萄果实品质的影响,以3组土壤水分下限为处理,大水漫灌为对照,在生育期对无核白鸡心葡萄果实纵横径、采前果穗的生长发育情况及果实糖度进行测定.总结出节水灌溉可以提高葡萄果实的整齐度,且果实糖度比对照增加约3个百分点,明显提高了果实的品质.     

果实成熟及品质形成的负调控因子研究进展

果实成熟及品质形成是植物果实生命周期中的一个重要阶段,其受到诸多调控因子的共同调控,可以分为正调控因子和负调控因子。过去果实成熟调控方面的研究主要集中于正调控因子的挖掘及功能解析,而现在果实成熟相关的负调控因子也逐渐受到研究者的关注。本文综述近年来发现的果实成熟及品质形成相关的负调控因子,根据其对成熟及品质形成关键基因的调控方式可分为:参与转录水平调控的转录抑制子,参与转录后水平和翻译后水平的负调控因子以及其它负调控因子4大类,并对相关后续研究方向进行探讨与展望。     

超高压处理对鲜榨黑莓清汁品质的影响

研究了鲜榨黑莓清汁经300～600MPa处理15min后其品质的变化。研究结果表明:黑莓清汁经超高压处理后,pH随处理压力升高而显著降低(p<0.05),总酸显著增加(p<0.05),超高压处理后其可溶性固形物、总糖含量无显著变化(p>0.05);花色苷、多酚含量保留率达90%以上,且还原能力显著增强;300MPa处理15min后黑莓清汁清除DPPH·能力显著下降,而其余压力下黑莓清汁清除DPPH·能力均随压力升高显著增强。     

佛手瓜果实发育过程中的品质变化

以川南地区绿皮无刺佛手瓜为试材,分析测定果实生长动态以及果实发育过程中相关品质指标的变化规律。结果表明:佛手瓜果实生长呈单S型曲线;不同品质指标随果实发育呈不同的变化趋势。其中呼吸强度随果实发育呈下降趋势,至成熟期时出现呼吸高峰(11.73 mg/(kg·h));Vc、叶绿素与氨基酸含量在果实发育早期较高,之后随果实发育下降至较低水平,而纤维素含量与硬度则与之相反;花后第10天,果实已经充分生长,氨基酸含量较高,果实呼吸代谢水平较低,果实品质和耐贮性较好,为最佳采收期。     

梅花果实品质及抑菌、抗氧化活性分析

为揭示不同品种梅花果实的品质及抑菌、抗氧化活性差异,从抗寒梅花中筛选果实品质优良的品种,为抗寒花果兼用梅的选育以及梅花果实综合利用提供依据。对8 个品种梅花果实的品质（外观品质和食用品质）性状、抑菌和抗氧化活性进行评价,利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对酚类化合物进行分离和检测,对果实品质性状与抑菌和抗氧化活性进行相关性分析。结果表明：不同品种梅花果实的品质性状差异显著,‘淡丰后’、‘粉靥丰后’、‘武藏野’和‘飞绿萼’等级评价较高;‘丰后’、‘武藏野’、‘飞绿萼’总酚和总黄酮含量较高,从3 个品种中都分离出儿茶素、迷迭香酸、圣草酚、丁香酸、芦丁5 种酚类化合物,梅花果实的抑菌和抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量存在相关关系。‘武藏野’和‘飞绿萼’是优良的抗寒花果兼用梅,果实品质性状较优,可以作为天然抗氧化剂或功能性食品进行开发利用。     

黑莓品种“Chester”鲜果贮藏性能的研究

选用黑莓品种Chester不同成熟度的果实,在常温和低温条件下进行贮藏实验,研究黑莓鲜果的贮藏性能。结果显示:不同成熟度和贮藏温度对黑莓果实贮藏期长短的影响十分显著,表现为成熟度越低、温度越低(大于0℃),贮藏期越长。黑莓完熟果极易腐烂,贮藏期短,常温储藏仅为2～3d,在贮藏过程中,果实的品质下降快,不适宜作鲜果销售;黑莓初熟果极耐贮藏,低温储藏期为15～18d,但果实小、品质低下,也不适宜作鲜果销售;黑莓适熟果在低温贮藏条件下,贮藏期较长,为8～11d,且贮藏期间经后熟作用,品质指标基本上能达到完熟果水平,适宜作鲜果销售。     

限根栽培对宁夏赤霞珠葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响

本研究选用9年生赤霞珠葡萄为试材,采用部分限根和滴灌栽培技术,研究限根栽培对宁夏酿酒葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明,采用限根栽培措施可提高30～50cm处土层土壤含水量,从葡萄盛花后到成熟期,比对照可实现节水55.6%;限根栽培可促进葡萄根系向深层土壤延伸,提高根域土壤的根系密度;并有效提高葡萄果实中的糖分积累和果皮中花青素含量,提高葡萄果实品质。     

Plant and fruit characteristics of cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) cultivars in South Africa

The cultivation of cactus pear requires low input and is therefore conducive to a sustainable system that will increase the efficiency and economic viability of the small and medium‐sized farms of low‐income farmers. The aim of this study was to determine fruit and plant characteristics of the 10 most commonly grown cactus pear cultivars in South Africa under rain‐fed, subtropical conditions. Skinners Court favoured vegetative growth. The fruit of Gymno Carpo had below average total soluble sugars. Roedtan had high cladode yield, while producing fruit of good quality, especially high total soluble sugar values, and quantity. Turpin and Meyers proved to have the highest fruit yield, fruit mass, cladode yield and number of cladodes pruned per plant. These cultivars can therefore be planted for both fruit production and for harvesting of cladodes for animal feed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

黑莓果蔬汁加工工艺研究

比较了黑莓离心式和压榨式榨汁法制取果汁,用正交试验法探讨了果汁酶解的最佳工艺条件,比较了4种果汁澄清法和14种澄清剂的澄清效果,并复配成稳定的果蔬汁饮料。结果表明:黑莓以离心式榨汁效果较好;最佳酶解条件为酶浓度为0.06%、温度27℃、时间4h、pH为3.13;复合澄清剂使用浓度为≥0.050%,稳定剂Ⅱ使用浓度为0.015%。     

3个欧亚种葡萄品种二茬果的产量及品质研究

本文以红地球、美人指、粉红亚都蜜3个欧亚种葡萄品种为试材,用不同浓度矮壮素分别处理2次,并辅以摘心、施肥等措施,以观察其对二茬果产量与品质的影响.结果表明,3种不同浓度的矮壮素处理均可促进二茬结果,与对照呈显著性差异.各品种二茬果比一茬果延后2～3个月成熟,二茬果产量稍低,果粒稍小,但果实内质优于一茬果.     

Seasonal Variation of Volatile Composition and Odor Activity Value of'Marion'(Rubus spp. hyb) and'Thornless Evergreen'(R. laciniatus L.) Blackberries

ABSTRACT: Volatile compositions of'Marion'and'Thornless Evergreen'blackberries from 3 growing seasons were analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although seasonal variations were present for both cultivars, it was generally observed that the most abundant volatiles in'Marion'blackberry were acetic, 2/3-methylbutanoic, hexanoic and decanoic acids, ethanol, and linalool, whereas the most abundant volatiles in'Thornless Evergreen'were 2-heptanol, hexanol, octanol, α-pinene, nopol, and p-cymenol. Compared with'Marion,'Thornless Evergreen'contained significantly more total volatiles, especially in alcohols, terpenoids, and phenols, whereas'Marion'contained more organic acids. Odor activity values (OAVs) were determined to identify each cultivar's most potent odorants. The compounds with the high odor activity values (OAV > 10) in'Marion'were ethyl hexanoate, β-ionone, linalool, 2-heptanone, 2-undecanone, α-ionone, and hexanal. The compounds with the high odor activity values (OAV > 10) in'Thornless Evergreen'were ethyl hexanoate, 2-heptanone, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, 2-heptanol, 3-methylbutanal, α-pinene, limonene, p- cymene, linalool, t -2-hexenal, myrtenol, hexanal, 2-methylbutanal, and sabinene.     

Preliminary Aroma Comparison of Marion (Rubus spp. hyb) and Evergreen (R. laciniatus L.) Blackberries by Dynamic Headspace/OSME Technique

ABSTRACT: Marion and Evergreen blackberry aromas were analyzed with a purge-and-trap gas chromatography-olfactometry/mass-spectrometry (GC-O/MS) technique. Fifty-eight aromas were identified. Thirty were common to both cultivars, and 22 have not been previously reported in blackberry fruit. Comparison of cultivars shows the Marion blackberry contains more esters, while the Evergreen contains more alcohols. The aroma profile of blackberry is complex, as no single volatile was unanimously described as characteristically blackberry.     

2个品种不同成熟度油茶果实品质差异比较

为明确油茶果实的最佳采收期,以赣石83-4和赣石447油茶鲜果为原料,测定其不同成熟度下果实品质相关的表型性状、营养物质和种仁油中脂肪酸组成及含量的变化,并采用主成分分析法对2个品种不同成熟度油茶果实品质进行综合评价。结果表明：随着成熟度的增加,2个品种油茶果实的单果质量、含水率总体呈下降趋势,而鲜果出籽率、干籽出仁率则总体呈上升的趋势;赣石83-4种仁含油率在第四成熟度达到最大值(44.16%),而赣石447种仁含油率在第二成熟度达到最大值(48.56%);赣石447和赣石83-4种仁可溶性糖含量随成熟度变化趋势不一致,前者在第四成熟度达到最大值(11.35%),后者在第五成熟度达到最大值(13.05%);2个品种不同成熟度的油茶种仁蛋白质含量较低且总体上较稳定;2个品种油茶种仁油中脂肪酸组成及含量存在差异,随着成熟度的增加,油酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量持续增加,而亚油酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量降低,饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量的变化幅度较小,分别维持在11%和89%左右;主成分分析结果表明,赣石83-4和赣石447的最佳采收期分别在第五成熟度和第四成熟度。综上,赣石83-4和赣石447油茶...     

Influence of processing on the antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds in jellies from different blackberry cultivars

The effect of thermal processing and the berry cultivar has been the subject of several studies, to serve as a basis for the least possible loss of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. In Brazil, there are numerous blackberry cultivars under cultivation, and in this context, the aim of this work was to study how the bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity of blackberry jelly were influenced by the cultivars (Guarani, Brazos, Comanche, Tupy, Cherokee, Caingangue and Choctaw). Analysis was made of 7 fresh blackberry cultivars and 7 blackberry jelly formulations. Analysis of antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and ascorbic acid was performed. It was verified that the contribution of the heat sensitive antioxidants compounds is considerable in all blackberry cultivars, and the degradation of these compounds was significantly different between the different blackberry cultivars. The Brazos and Caingangue cultivars stand out as undergoing the lowest losses in processing, resulting in jellies richer in bioactive compounds and higher antioxidant capacity.     

蓝莓、黑莓原果汁及7种天然红色素果汁饮料 产品的比较

目的比较几种蓝莓、黑莓原果汁及天然红色素果汁饮料的品质。方法通过对6品种蓝莓、黑莓果汁出汁率、可溶性固形物、总酸含量、色价、总花色苷含量及花色苷降解指数等品质指标的比较,并制备黑莓果汁饮料,与6种市售蓝莓、桑葚果汁饮料的品质进行比较。结果 6品种原果汁的可溶性固形物含量在8.8%~14.2%范围内,总酸含量在0.447%~1.604%之间,色价为6~45,总花色苷含量在22~83 mg/100 mL之间,花色苷降解指数为1.10~1.23,出汁率为60%~70%,其中园蓝和宝森原果汁的品质较好。7种果汁产品的品质差异较大,其中黑莓果汁饮料的果汁含量30%,色价为3.63±0.050,总花色苷含量6.70±0.019 mg/100 mL,花色苷降解指数1.34,仅次于果汁含量95%的蓝百蓓有机野生蓝莓汁。蓝百蓓野生蓝莓汁和光明桑果汁饮料的品质适中,受欢迎度高。结论原果汁品质从高到低依次为园蓝、宝森、赫尔、切斯特、灿烂、巨蓝;果汁产品品质从高到低依次为蓝百蓓有机野生蓝莓汁、黑莓果汁饮料、光明桑果汁饮料、蓝百蓓野生蓝莓汁、萃雅源蓝莓汁、绿情野生蓝莓汁、金双谷蓝莓汁。