聚硅酸氯化铝形貌结构研究

向聚硅酸中引入铝盐制得聚硅酸氯化铝复合絮凝剂,用电子显微镜观察分析了不同Al/Si摩尔比的PASC的形貌,考察了絮凝剂溶液的pH值、电导率随时间的变化,并用红外光谱研究了PASC中Al3 与聚硅酸的相互作用情况。结果表明,聚硅酸氯化铝的形貌均为枝杈状聚集态,并带有分形特征,完全不同于聚硅酸的球形或椭球形,也不同于聚铝的晶形;Al/Si摩尔比对形貌有较大影响。絮凝剂溶液的电导率、pH值随体系铝量、硅量及陈化时间的变化揭示了PASC絮凝剂体系中各成分间存在相互作用。红外光谱证实了PASC中部分Al3 及水解络合铝离子可与共存的聚硅酸起螯合(络合)反应生成铝硅聚合物。     

复合絮凝剂制备工艺研究

聚硅酸硫酸铝铁是无机高分子复合絮凝剂。通过复合共聚法,以硫酸铝、硫酸铁、硅酸钠、浓硫酸和氢氧化钠为原料制备聚硅酸硫酸铝铁絮凝剂,并研究不同Al/Fe/Si摩尔比对聚硅酸硫酸铝铁絮凝性能的影响。实验表明:Al/Fe/Si的摩尔比对絮凝的影响作用比较显著,Al/Fe/Si=1︰1︰1制备的产品其稳定性和有效性较佳。     

复合絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁的形貌结构及性能研究

向聚硅酸中引入铁盐制得聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS)复合絮凝剂,通过电子显微镜观察分析了不同铁硅摩尔比的PFSS的形貌,用红外光谱研究了其中铁离子与聚硅酸的相互作用情况,并对其稳定性和絮凝性进行了考察.结果发现:聚硅硫酸铁的形貌均为长链枝杈状聚集态,铁硅摩尔比对形貌结构及絮凝性能有较大影响;红外光谱证实PFSS中硅与铁形成了Si-O-Fe键;聚硅硫酸铁的稳定性高于聚硅酸,并且随着n(Fe)∶n(Si)的增大而提高.     

聚硅硫酸铝锌絮凝剂的制备及形态分析

以Na2SiO3、Al2(SO4)3和ZnSO4为原料,在常温常压下,制备出一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂-聚硅硫酸铝锌(PAZSS),以高岭土模拟废水为处理对象,探讨了Na2SiO3的摩尔浓度、Zn/Al摩尔比、(Al+Zn)/Si摩尔比对絮凝效果的影响,用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)和红外光谱分析等方法对该絮凝剂的结构及形貌进行了表征。结果表明,当Zn/Al摩尔比为1.0、(Al+Zn)/Si摩尔比为1.0时的去浊效果最佳,此时的去浊率可达到98%以上。且XRD和红外光谱分析的结果说明,向聚硅酸中引入的铝、锌离子与聚硅酸产生了一定相互作用,有利于链网状结构的生成,提高絮凝性能。并将PAZSS与聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)进行了比较,其处理效果远优于后者。     

Si_3N_4/Fe,Si_3N_4/Fe_3Al界面的固相反应(英文)

用扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱仪、X射线衍射等研究了在Ar气氛中,经1150℃,10h等温热处理后,Si3N4/Fe,Si3N4/Fe3Al平而偶界面固相反应区的形貌、成分分布、显微结构及相组成.结果表明:Si3N4/Fe界面固相反应形成约120μn厚的反应区,Fe含量从Si3N4侧到Fe侧逐渐增加,反应区中的Si成分约为5%(原子分数),反应区主要由Fe(Si)固溶体构成,其中均匀地分御着细小的孔洞:Si3NdFe3Al界面固相反应形成约3μm厚的反应区,反应区具有比Fe3Al高得多的Al含量,反应区由FeAl,Fc(Al,Si)固溶体及三元化合物AlgFeSi3构成.Si3NdFe3Al具有比Si3N4/Fe高得多的 界面化学相容性.     

新型复合絮凝剂在轧制乳化油废水处理中的应用

制备了不同Al∶Si、Fe∶Si和(Al Fe)∶Si摩尔比的聚硅酸金属盐系列絮凝剂:聚硅氯化铝(PASC)、聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS)和聚硅硫酸铁氯化铝(PFASC),实验考察了成分摩尔比、废水pH值、絮凝剂投加量对除油效果的影响。结果表明:金属与硅的摩尔比对除油效率有较大的影响,最佳摩尔比为:n(Al)∶n(Si)=3∶1、n(Fe)∶n(Si)=2∶1和n(Al Fe)∶n(Si)=4∶1;废水pH值为4~10时,处理效果都较好;随着投药量的增加,油的去除率增加,PASC、PFSS和PFAS适宜的投药量(以金属离子浓度计)分别为:900mg.L-1、1100mg.L-1、800mg.L-1。用它们来处理实际废水时,效果很好,残余油量低于国家排放标准。     

水泥窑熟料煅烧工艺计算及有关数据

<正>1水泥窑内熟料煅烧工艺计算1.1水泥化合物和率值C_3S=4.071Ca-7.600Si-6.718Al-1.430Fe-2.852S C_2S=2.867Si-0.754C3S C_3A=2.650Al-1.692Fe C_4AF=3.043Fe LSF=(Ca+0.75Mg*)(/2.85Si+1.18Al+0.65Fe)硅酸率S/R=Si(/Al+Fe)铝氧率A/F=Al/Fe碱当量=Na+0.658K熔体量(液相量)%1 450℃=3.0Al+2.25Fe+Mg+     

铁铝硅摩尔比对新型混凝剂除氟效果的影响

研究了不同铁铝硅摩尔比条件下新型混凝剂对氟的去除效果,并考察熟化时间对混凝剂除氟性能的影响。结果表明,新型混凝剂在(Al+Fe)/Si(mol/mol)=5且Al/Fe(mol/mol)=1时除氟效果最好,60 min后氟离子(F~-)浓度降至5. 3 mg/L,除氟率达81. 1%。但是,聚硅酸中单独引入铁盐或铝盐时除氟效果较差。新型混凝剂放置15 d对除氟效果影响不大。该新型混凝剂在废水除氟方面具有应用潜力。     

氧化铝对硅酸的吸附去除机理

探讨了氧化铝对水体中硅酸的吸附去除潜力、影响因素及机理。结果表明,pH 4～8时吸附量随pH、吸附剂投加量的增大而增加,说明氧化铝具有吸附去除硅酸的能力。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模式,最大吸附量达39.82 mg/g。结合~(27)Al MAS NMR与SEM-EDX分析,氧化铝吸附硅酸的机理是通过硅酸分子与氧化铝中4配位的铝发生化学反应,硅原子取代原来Al—O—Al键上的铝原子形成Al—O—Si键而被固定在氧化铝表面。     

Ca2+,Al3+对不含Na+硅酸体系聚合行为的影响

为排除Na+对硅酸聚合的影响,用酸解水淬硅酸钙制备了不含金属离子的硅酸溶液及含Ca2+, Al3+的硅酸溶液,研究了加入Ca2+, Al3+对体系聚合行为的影响. 结果表明,加入Ca2+后体系pH值略微降低,加入Al3+后体系pH值显著降低. 初始pH≤2时,Al3+对硅酸聚合起促凝作用,初始pH>2时,Al3+起缓凝作用. Ca2+对硅酸聚合影响不大. 硅酸凝胶后,含Al3+硅酸体系中形成Al?O?Si键,阻碍了凝胶结构水脱附;Ca2+则阻碍凝胶的晶化转变过程,且凝胶中的结构水变少. 不含金属离子、含Ca2+、含Al3+体系的化学式分别为SiO2×0.52H2O, SiO2×0.36H2O, SiO2×1.50H2O.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。