Feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy

The feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy was studied. The effects of plunger speed, gate thickness, and solid fraction of the slurry on the defects were determined. The defects investigated are gas and shrinkage porosity. In the experiments, semi-solid slurry was prepared by the gas-induced semi-solid (GISS) technique. Then, the slurry was transferred to the shot sleeve and injected into the die. The die and shot sleeve temperatures were kept at 180 °C and 250 °C, respectively. The results show that the samples produced by the GISS die casting give little porosity, no blister and uniform microstructure. From all the results, it can be concluded that the GISS process is feasible to apply in the ADC12 aluminum die casting process. In addition, the GISS process can give improved properties such as decreased porosity and increased microstructure uniformity.     

添加铈对高压压铸AM50镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究添加铈对高压压铸AM50镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:添加铈能使AM50镁合金晶粒细化,并使其室温和高温力学性能得到显著改善.相对于未添加Ce和添加0.5％Ce(质量分数)的AM50镁合金,添加1％Ce(质量分数)的镁合金的晶粒更细,力学性能更优.     

Heat treatment of vacuum high pressure die cast magnesium alloy AZ91

Alloys produced by high pressure die casting (HPDC) are generally considered non-heat treatable because trapped gas pores tend to expand, causing surface blistering and bulk distortion. In this paper, vacuum assisted HPDC of magnesium alloy AZ91 was used, and the properties were assessed. The specimens produced using vacuum die casting contain less porosity. Little improvement in yield strength by applying vacuum is found, although a small increase in elongation is observed. A conventional heat treatment applied to the vacuum die cast AZ91 shows pronounced precipitation hardening during aging, especially after a prior solution treatment. However, an associated improvement in yield strength after aging is not observed, and this is related to the decreased contribution of the ‘skin’ effect as a result of grain growth.     

Effect of position on the tensile properties in high-pressure die cast Mg alloy

Tensile tests were performed at different locations of high-pressure die cast (HPDC) Mg alloy and the effect of position on the tensile properties such as yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ductility and fracture strain (FS) are explained. Additionally, the significance of micro-failure mode of the material is presented. The average size, area fraction and clustering tendency of pores and Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (β) particles as well average grain size are correlated with the mechanical properties and found their influences.     

精铸Ti-Al-Zr合金的显微组织和力学性能

用陶瓷型壳浇注了Ti Al Zr合金 ,研究了精铸Ti Al Zr合金的相组成、铸造显微组织、室温和高温力学性能及断口形貌。结果显示 ,精铸Ti Al Zr合金属于近α型 ,其铸态组织为网篮状魏氏组织 ,具有较好的室温和高温性能。Ti Al Zr合金的室温力学性能为 :抗拉强度 1 0 57.5MPa ,屈服强度 995MPa ,延伸率 1 8.45% ;50 0℃时的力学性能为 :抗拉强度 658.7MPa ,屈服强度 538.9MPa ,延伸率 1 6.5%。该合金室温断口以延性断裂为主 ,伴有部分解理断裂 ,而高温拉伸断口为延性断裂。     

Pb-Sn对压铸AZ81镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

向AZ81镁合金中分别加入0.5%Pb、0.5%Pb+0.5%Sn、0.5%Pb+1.0%Sn合金元素并压铸成型,研究了各成分合金的微观组织和室温、180℃力学性能。结果表明:AZ81-0.5Pb-1.0Sn中存在多边形Mg2Sn,主要分布在晶界;同时,Pb和Sn元素的加入在一定程度上减少了晶界上Mg17Al12的数量,有助于提高镁合金的耐中高温性能;室温下,压铸AZ81-0.5Pb-(0,0.5,1.0)Sn合金抗拉强度和屈服强度随着Sn含量的增加而提高,压铸AZ81-0.5Pb-1.0Sn的抗拉强度为211 MPa、屈服强度为150.5MPa;180℃下,随着Sn含量的增加,抗拉强度和屈服强度均提高,压铸AZ81-0.5Pb-1.0Sn抗拉强度值为200.5 MPa、屈服强度为145.2 MPa;添加元素Pb+Sn使压铸AZ81的180℃断裂机制由塑性断裂向脆性断裂转变。     

Effect of nano-silver on microstructure,mechanical and tribological properties of cast 6061 aluminum alloy

Al6061 matrix with different amounts of nano-silver (1% and 2%) was produced by stir-casting method. Produced samples were characterized by hardness, tensile, compression and wear tests. The hardness of the specimens at room temperature was measured by Brinnell hardness testing machine. The magnitude of hardness increased evidently with the function of the mass fraction of the nano-Ag particle. The polished specimens were examined with an optical microscope. The fracture surfaces of tensile and compressive specimens were further examined by scanning electron microscopy. Wear mechanisms were discussed based on the scanning electron microscopy observations of worn surface and wear debris morphology. There is an increase in compressive strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation and wear resistance of the Al-Ag composites compared with base alloy. The execution of stir-casting technique is relatively homogenous and fine microstructure which improves the addition of reinforcement material in the molten metal. The results show that Al6061-nano-silver which is the best combination of hardness can replace the conventional material for better performance and longer life.     

铸型冷却速度对半固态镁合金浆料凝固组织的影响

采用不同直径型腔的铜质和铁质两种金属型,研究了铸型冷却速度对双螺杆机械搅拌法制备的半固态镁合金浆料凝固组织的影响.结果表明,随着铸型冷却速度的降低,半固态浆料的固相率升高,初生α-Mg相晶粒平均尺寸增大.采用铁质重力金属型不能制备直径大于φ25mm的半固态镁合金坯料,半固态浆料必须采用压铸或挤压成形的方法才能为触变成形工艺提供优质的半固态坯料.     

Effect of external forces on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast AA5754 alloy

The effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT) and electromagnetic stirring (EMS) forces, individually and in combination, prior to high pressure die-casting of AA5754 alloy were assessed. The liquid of alloy was subjected to UT, EMS and the combined style and then transferred to the shot chamber. The grain size, mechanical properties, gas content and hot tearing susceptibility were analyzed. The results suggest that the application of each process enhances grain refinement and decreases the porosity of the specimens. UT reduces the grain size from 140 to 82 μm and decreases the porosity from 5.5% to 1.4%. EMS reduces the grain size to 107 μm and the porosity to 3.3%. The combination of UT and EMS decreases the grain size and the porosity to 65 μm and 1.1%, respectively, which are the lowest grain size and porosity ever reported for this alloy achieved via physical processing. Intensive cavitation and stirring not only resulted in a refined microstructure but also significantly decreased the hot tearing susceptibility and improved the mechanical properties. All of the aforementioned characteristics are due to cavity formation, during each process. By combination of techniques, EMS could promote the nucleation process by providing more exogenous particles in the strong cavitation field of UT. Ultrasonic plays a major role in grain refining, decreasing the hot tearing susceptibility and the gas content by introducing a strong cavitation field.     

铝合金零件半固态模锻的应用及发展

介绍了半固态模锻的实质及工艺过程;列举了半固态模锻铝合金零件的应用现状;阐述了半固态模锻工艺的优点。     

Induction heating process of an Al–Si aluminum alloy for semi-solid die casting and its resulting microstructure

During induction heating, the relationship between time and temperature must be controlled exactly to obtain a homogeneous temperature distribution over the entire cross-sectional area. Because the initial solid fraction in the semi-solid die casting (SDC) process is the main parameter to achieve a homogeneous flow behavior of the liquid and solid phases and to prevent macro-segregation effects in the SDC process, an accurately controllable induction heating method must be selected for the reheating process. The purpose of this work is not just to obtain the desire solid fraction, generally about 50%, but also to ensure the optimal induction heating conditions of A356 alloy to reduce the temperature gradient of a 76 mmdiameter×90 mmlength billet and to obtain a fine globular microstructure without grain coarsening (resulting microstructure). This work shows that, in the case of a three-step reheating process for the SDC process, the final holding time is the most important factor to maintain a fine globular microstructure without grain coarsening.     

原位生成TiC对Al-8Fe合金显微组织的影响

通过XRD，SEM，TEM等手段研究了Al-8Fe常规铸态合金原位生成不同TiC粒子含量时相组成及显微组织的变化，以及Ti同α（Al）基体及Al3Fe相之间的界面关系。结果表明：随着TiC含量的增加，Al-8Fe合金中Al3Fe相及缩松的形貌及尺寸明显发生了变化，TiC与α（Al）基体之间界面干净，而与Al3Fe之间则存在一过渡层。     

Effects of solution heat treatment on the microstructure, oxidation, and mechanical properties of a cast Ni3Al-based intermetallic alloy

Solution heat treatment is employed in an attempt to improve oxidation and mechanical properties of an as-cast Ni₃Al alloy (IC221M) at operation temperature, 900 °C. Solution heat treatment was hypothesized to have beneficial effects through dissolving γ Ni₅Zr eutectic into the matrix. The microstructures, oxidation behavior in air at 900 °C, and mechanical properties with aging times at 900 °C were examined after solution heat treatment of as-cast Ni₃Al alloy in Ar for up to 100 h at 1100 °C. The oxide penetration depth into the matrix was dramatically decreased and more homogeneous surface oxides were obtained relative to the no solution, treatment case. Hardness was improved by solution heat treatment due to a solid solution strengthening effect by Zr, but the tensile properties after solution heat treatment were not significantly different from those prior to treatment.     

AC8C铸造铝合金的组织缺陷分析

采用化学成分分析、断口扫描、金相检验、硬度测试等方法,对AC8C铸造铝合金内燃机活塞断裂原因进行了分析.结果表明,活塞显微组织中d-固溶体粗大、共晶硅和Al2Cu相聚集,导致合金力学性能降低,使共晶硅和Al2Cu相集中分布的区域发生早期脆性断裂.铸造和固溶时效处理工艺不当是造成铝合金组织缺陷的原因.     

Effects of combined addition of Y and Ca on microstructure and mechanical properties of die casting AZ91 alloy

A series of die casting heat-resistant magnesium alloys based on Mg-Al system were developed for automotive application by adding Y and various amounts of Ca. The mechanical properties and microstructures of die casting AZ91 alloy with combined addition of Y and Ca were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and mechanical property test. The results show that the combined addition of Y and Ca can refine the as-die-cast microstructure, result in the formation of Al2Ca phase and Al2Y phase, and inhibit the precipitation of Mg17Al12 phase. The combined addition of Y and small amount of Ca has little influence on the ambient temperature tensile properties, but increasing the content of Ca can improve significantly the tensile strength at both ambient and elevated temperatures. It is found that for AZ91-1Y-xCa alloy, the hardness and the elevated temperature tensile strength increase, while the elongation decreases with increasing the addition of Ca. The mechanism of mechanical properties improvement caused by the combined addition of Y and Ca was also discussed.     

高温预析出对7055铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相显微分析和TEM分析及力学性能测试, 研究了固溶后降温过程中高温预析出处理对7055铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响. 结果表明 高温预析出可在晶界形成不连续的析出相; 465 ℃预析出在保证合金强度的同时, 抗应力腐蚀性能得到提高, 并且随着固溶后预析出时间的延长, 晶界上析出相更加粗大离散.     

Mould filling ability and microstructure of aluminum alloy under electromagnetic die casting

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原位TiC颗粒含量对近液相线铸造7075铝合金二次加热组织的影响

采用原位反应近液相线铸造法制备具有不同原位TiC颗粒含量的TiC_p/7075铝基复合材料,在7075铝合金固-液两相区间(477～635 ℃)的580和600 ℃进行二次加热并保温20 min,水淬固定其半固态组织,应用Image Pro Plus软件测量平均晶粒尺寸及形状因子,研究原位TiC颗粒含量对该合金二次加热组织的影响.结果表明:当原位TiC颗粒质量分数为0～4.4%时,随着原位TiC颗粒质量分数增加,合金铸态组织直接转变为等轴晶组织,且在二次加热过程中,原位TiC颗粒对晶粒的长大行为具有明显的抑制作用;在相同的二次加热条件下,4.4%TiC_p/7075铝基复合材料的平均晶粒尺寸比7075基体合金的减少30～40 μm,更加适合于半固态触变成形.     

Microstructural characteristics of near-liquidus cast AZ91D alloy during semi-solid die casting

Near-liquidus cast ingot was reheated to semi-solid firstly, and then a bracket of motor was prepared by die casting the semi-solid ingot into mould. The microstructural characteristics of AZ91D alloy in these processes were investigated. In the process of near-liquidus casting, primary α-Mg grains tend to be rosette-like because of the increase of plentiful quasi-solid atom clusters in molten alloy with the decrease of pouring temperature. These rosette-like α-Mg grains in ingots fabricated by near-liquidus casting are fused off and refined into near-globular structure owing to the solute diffusion mechanism and the minimum surface energy mechanism during reheating. After semi-solid die-casting, α-Mg grains, located in biscuit, impact and connect with each other; α-Mg grains, located in inner gate, congregate together; while α-Mg grains, located in component, distribute uniformly and become into globularity or strip. Because the inner gate limits the flowing of semi-solid slurry, and the pressure acted on the semi-solid slurry decreases gradually along the filling direction of semi-solid slurry in cavity, microstructural segregation of unmelted α-Mg grains appears along this direction. Shrinkage holes in casting are caused by two different reasons. For biscuit, the shrinkage holes are caused by the blocked access of feeding liquid to the shrinkage zone for the agglomerated unmelted α-Mg grains. For component, the shrinkage holes are caused by the lack of feeding of liquid alloy.