Thermal zoning and interzonal airflow in the design and simulation of solar houses: a sensitivity analysis

Many assumptions must be made about thermal zoning and interzonal airflow for modelling the performance of buildings. This is particularly important for solar homes, which are subjected to high levels of periodic solar heat gains in certain zones. The way in which these passive solar heat gains are distributed to other zones of a building has a significant effect on predicted energy performance, thermal comfort and optimal design selection. This article presents a comprehensive sensitivity analysis that quantifies the effect of thermal zoning and interzonal airflow on building performance, optimal south-facing glazing area, and thermal comfort. The effect of controlled shades to control unwanted solar gains is also explored. Results show that passive solar buildings, in particular, can benefit from increased air circulation with a forced air system because it allows solar gains to be redistributed and thus reduces direct gain zone overheating and total energy consumption.     

阿尔山规划展览馆概念方案的节能思考

在阿尔山规划展览馆被动式建筑的设计过程中,探索了一系列节能方式和概念方案。主要围绕利于节能的建筑平面设计、减少冷风渗透的建筑门窗设计、太阳能光电板与建筑形体的结合等方面讨论。对减少建筑能耗的举措进行分析,并归纳和思考建筑概念设计阶段与节能策略有效结合的设计方式。     

浅谈可再生能源在建筑节能中的应用

通过对建筑节能及可再生能源的综述,阐述了太阳能养护混凝土制品、被动式太阳房、地源热泵采暖、工业废渣、木材及农业废渣、建筑垃圾等可再生能源在建筑节能中的应用,以达到提高能源转化效率和实现能源综合利用的目的。     

深圳市福田科技广场建筑的环保节能设计

建筑环保节能设计是一种集成化、多元化和整体化的新型建筑设计方法。本文以深圳市福田科技广场建筑为例,主要叙述建筑环保节能设计方法及相应的技术支持,深化其中的多个关键环节,诸如建筑节能设计、建筑节水设计、太阳能系统综合利用、空调系统节能设计等;并突出建筑环保技能设计过程中人、建筑、自然(环境)三者之间的关系。     

Enhanced energy conservation in houses through high performance design

Key design features of high performance houses are investigated for improving energy efficiency in cold climates. Reference dwellings with typical constructions and system designs are compared with high performance houses using the best technology available. The dwellings used for reference are a multi-family apartment building and a single-family detached house, designed according to a mix of Nordic building codes of 2001. The high performance houses designed fulfilled the target requirements of IEA Task 28, Sustainable Solar Housing. Simulations of the buildings are performed using the computer programme DEROB-LTH and results from simulations give the hourly space-heating demand and peak load of the buildings. A comparison of reference houses to high performance solutions shows that the space-heating demand can be reduced by up to 83% for single-family houses and by up to 85% for apartment buildings. The climate data used for all simulations is Stockholm, Sweden. The environmental effects in terms of CO₂ equivalent emissions and use of non-renewable primary energy are quantified for each building type and construction. The energy saving potential of high performance houses in cold climates is demonstrated.     

中国传统民居院落与气候浅析

中国大部分地区的民居都采用了院落式布局方式。不同地域的民居院落为了适应当地的气候条件、社会风俗、生活习惯等呈现出千姿百态的形式,其中气候因素起到了关键作用。该文通过我国不同气候区的6个典型民居院落,分析庭院面积、庭院形状、庭院周围建筑外墙、开窗、屋顶形式与气候的关系。     

浅谈太阳能建筑

针对建筑节能的重要性,阐述了太阳能建筑的定义,分析了太阳能建筑的理念,探讨了太阳能建筑在节能省地型住宅建设中的应用,强调了在太阳能建筑推广中应综合考虑的因素,以更好地发展太阳能建筑。     

太阳能生活热水供应系统的应用浅谈

通过对太阳能生活热水系统在建筑设计当中的几个常见问题,如系统形式的选择、辅助能源的经济比较、系统设计、太阳能与建筑一体化等问题的简要介绍,力求使太阳能热水系统在建筑当中的应用得到更健康的发展,并为大力推进太阳能建筑的实现作出应有的贡献。     

太阳能与建筑一体化设计——2009年台达杯国际太阳能建筑设计作品简介

介绍了2009年台迭杯国际太阳能建筑设计竞赛的一个设计作品,通过对设计过程的回顾,总结了竞赛作品中所提出的太阳能建筑的设计理念与设计方法.从建筑空间、屋顶、墙体3个方面进行说明,尝试建筑设计与太阳能的紧密结合,实现太阳能与建筑的一体化设计.     

Occupant control of passive systems: the use of Venetian blinds

The way occupants interact with passive control features is poorly understood. Venetian blinds are a key element in the passive control of a building’s environment. They help to control glare, daylighting, and overheating, all of which affect both the comfort of occupants and a building’s energy consumption. However a building’s environmental design is very dependent on assumptions regarding occupants use of blinds. This paper examines the current assumptions in occupants use of blinds and the impact these assumptions have on a building’s environment. It then compares the assumed use with the actual use from monitored data of blind use in both summer and winter conditions in three buildings. In particular, the impact of façade orientation, sunshine, and electric lighting on blind use is investigated. Preliminary results confirm that on average, 40% of a building’s façade is obscured by blinds resulting in a reduction in daylight. This reduction in daylight is equivalent to an unobstructed glazed area of 68% of the building’s façade assuming that 20% of light penetrates a blind when it is fully drawn. Occupants use of blinds is predominantly not affected by solar availability as often modelled, although there is a weak relationship between orientation and window occlusion.     

The influence of automated window shutters on the design and performance of a passive solar house

Automatic control of windows shutters as a means for improving the thermal performance of passive houses is explored. In this model the enegy balances at the window surface form the basis for developing a control strategy for the shutters. The model predicts the heat requirements and the hours of overheating experienced in the house subject to temporal variations in radiation fluxes and air temperatures. The results show that automated window shutters can make positive contributions to the design and performance of passive solar houses. An examination into the model equations reveals that for a given house design the effectiveness of the shutters is dictated mainly by the rate as well as the severity of the changes in meteorological variables.     

生物气候建筑叙事

通过对能量、气候、建筑的思考, 首先定义了气候环境系统下的能量系统、建 筑开启系统与人体反应系统,继而借助于建 立在气候分析与热舒适理论之上的、以被动 式气候调控策略为主导的生物气候学方法模 型,从能量的流动维度,探索生物气候语境下 的建筑设计语言及范式。同时,在可持续发 展的当代议题下,为重新思考低能耗建筑的 自主性法则提供了知识基础。     

Drop City Revisited

The structural, formal, and social eccentricity of the Drop City artists' commune in Colorado defied conventional definition as architecture, but rendered it a singular motif in accounts of experimental architecture, and made it a countercultural domicile without peer. Drop City's architectural innovations included a "bricolage" interpretation of Richard Buckminster Fuller's geodesic domes, a geometric structural system known as the Zome, and passive solar devices. Before it became a spectacle of degeneration, Drop City was posited as a creative laboratory for cultural and environmental "praxis," and it remains a case study of altered architectural parameters.     

被动式太阳能建筑方案设计——2011年台达杯国际太阳能建筑设计竞赛获奖作品“垂直村落”介绍

介绍竞赛作品垂直村落的方案生成过程以及被动式太阳能技术的利用。本方案的主要突破点在于垂直村落概念的提出,即通过上下户型单元的有序排列,形成向阳面和遮阳面,以及建筑自遮阳和建筑内部热量循环系统。同时通过建筑语言的巧妙运用,让人在现代住宅建筑中感受到江南水乡的意境。     

树立低能耗、无污染和绿色健康的理念——谈谈太阳能在建筑中的利用

首先介绍了建筑围护结构（太阳墙系统、被动式太阳房等）的生态建筑特征,以及其太阳能利用原理,接着通过实例分析生态建筑大师托马斯？赫尔佐格在利用太阳能进行建筑设计的先进理念,最后探讨它们对我国太阳能建筑设计的启示作用。     

被动优先的绿色建筑设计探析——以深圳建科院大楼及山东建筑大学教学实验综合楼为例

在"绿色建筑"技术飞速发展的今天,灵活应用并全面协调好各种现代技术为具体设计与实施的项目服务是当今绿色建筑设计的发展方向。充分利用自然环境条件,注重建筑本身的实际能耗,釆用被动优先的节能措施并辅助主动节能技术的建筑方案才是绿色建筑的根本。在当前"绿色建筑"和"生态建筑"往往不节能、不绿色的背景下,如何通过被动优先的设计理念与主动技术的结合来使建筑真正变为可以顺应时代发展要求的可持续性建筑,是广大建筑设计实践者一直崇尚并追求的发展目标。从以"被动优先"概念为先导的绿色建筑设计出发,通过论述被动式设计的概念、被动优先的设计策略以及对深圳建科院大楼与山东建筑大学教学实验综合楼进行案例分析,来探求以被动式设计策略为出发点的当代绿色建筑的设计思路,以此为今后的绿色建筑设计实践提供借鉴与帮助。     

我国太阳能热水技术发展方向初探

从节能和环保的视角,对我国太阳能热水系统现状进行了分析,研究了太阳能热水系统和建筑设计结合的途径,整理出太阳能热水系统与建筑一体化的方法,以达到环保节能的目的。     

Development and visualization of time-based building energy performance metrics

ABSTRACT

In the face of climate change, and as building codes and standards evolve to promote increased building energy efficiency and reduced carbon footprints, it is also important to ensure that buildings, especially housing, can withstand prolonged power outages during extended periods of both extreme cold and hot weather to provide habitable shelter passively. This paper examines an approach for visualizing the impact of robust passive measures in multi-unit residential buildings by examining the ‘weakest links in the chain’ – the suites most susceptible to underperforming – in three climatic zones: Toronto and Vancouver, Canada; and Adana, Turkey. Two time-based and thermal comfort-related metrics are explored: thermal autonomy, a measure of what fraction of the time a building can deliver comfort without supplemental active systems; and passive survivability (also termed thermal resilience), a measure of the length of time a building remains habitable following the onset of a prolonged power outage during a period of extended extreme weather. A visualization of the results of parametric building energy simulations helps guide the selection of passive architectural parameters at the early stages of design to promote enhanced environmental performance and resilience.     

基于低能耗愿景的寒地建筑围护体系设计策略探析

本文通过分析寒地建筑内在需求,确定以低能耗为寒地建筑发展愿景,针对寒地建筑围护体系设计,提出推广清洁能源、减少能耗需求、提高能耗效率三个设计原则;结合设计中的具体设计措施,从整体设计策略层面,提出建筑设计整合被动式技术、围护体系形体采用集约化形态、围护体系材料选择地域化材料、围护体系运行使用智能化管理等4点设计策略。     

浅谈生态建筑材料的发展

建筑对环境所产生的负面影响,已经被越来越多的建筑师所关注。如何将生态学理论引入建筑设计中,建造真正的“绿色建筑”、“生态建筑”成为现代建筑设计的一大热点。开发采用清洁生产技术,少用天然资源和能源,大量使用由废弃物所生产的、利于环境保护和人体健康的绿色建材对于促进绿色建筑的发展起着举足轻重的作用。