接触强度和诱导槽对泡沫铝锥管耐撞性分析

针对汽车前纵梁耐撞部件吸能盒结构形式,研究了功能密度梯度泡沫铝填充铝合金锥管在低速冲击下的耐撞性模型优化。通过对泡沫铝填充锥管的轴向低速压溃仿真分析,获得仿真变形状态、载荷及比吸能量对位移的曲线,并对比分析仿真和实验数据,证明仿真模型的有效性。以泡沫铝内核与锥管的接触强度为研究对象,研究其对泡沫铝填充锥管吸能性能的影响。最后提出基于强粘结接触模型的含有诱导槽的功能密度梯度泡沫铝填充模型,并研究其耐撞性。研究表明,具有诱导槽的强粘结泡沫铝填充锥管在碰撞中的峰值载荷更低,载荷变化更平稳,比吸能更大,是一种在汽车制造工程应用中可以考虑的新型吸能结构。     

泡沫铝材料参数反求及其填充锥形薄壁管的吸能性能研究

为了研究一种商业化生产的泡沫铝力学性能并对其填充结构进行仿真模拟,基于材料的准静态压缩试验和材料本构模型进行了泡沫铝和铝合金材料参数反求,并采用试验数据验证了所得材料参数的正确性。运用有限元软件LS-DYNA进行数值分析,研究了壁厚、锥角和填充泡沫铝密度等设计参数对泡沫铝填充锥形薄壁管吸能特性的影响。结果表明,利用材料反求的方法可获得准确的材料参数;泡沫铝密度和壁厚对平均力的影响更为显著,相比于锥角更易控制能量吸收;管壁厚度是影响初始峰值力的主要因素;填充泡沫铝后不仅能够改善薄壁管的变形情况、增大比吸能,且对初始峰值力的影响较小。     

铝蜂窝填充CFRP结构的侧向压缩性能研究

采用准静态侧向压缩试验和有限元仿真相结合的方法,对铝蜂窝填充碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic,CFRP)结构的侧向压缩性能和破坏机理开展了研究。试验发现,在稳定破坏模式下,相对CFRP空管,铝蜂窝填充管件的平均峰值载荷、吸收能量和比吸能率分别提高251.6%,656.3%和400.0%,并且破坏过程也更加稳定。此外,采用Ls-dyna软件对铝蜂窝填充CFRP管件的破坏过程进行了仿真,发现铝蜂窝填充可以有效抵抗管壁变形,并且获得了与试验较吻合的破坏过程和力-位移曲线。研究表明,利用轻质铝蜂窝结构填充CFRP管件,能有效改善CFRP结构的侧向压缩性能和吸能性能。     

CFRP缠绕薄壁铝圆管的轴向压溃吸能特性分析

采用仿真与试验结合的方法,探讨缠绕方式为[±45°/90°]碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)/铝混合薄壁圆管在准静态轴向压缩载荷下的压溃失效形式与吸能特性。通过准静态轴向压缩试验得到混合圆管的压溃变形历程、压溃模式以及初始压溃载荷、平均压溃载荷等吸能特性参数。依据试验样件建立混合管有限元模型,利用Abaqus/Explicit获得了与试验吻合度较好的模拟结果,重现了混合管在准静态载荷下的压溃失效行为。基于仿真结果发现与铝管相比,混合管的初始压溃载荷、平均压溃载荷、比吸能及载荷效率分别提升了97.6%、93.3%、57.8%和5.9%。并选取压溃载荷阶段性峰、谷点对混合管形态及各层纤维损伤失效形式进行了分析。结果表明:在混合管结构完整时,轴向载荷主要由纤维承载,在压溃破坏阶段,纤维损伤失效模式随纤维缠绕角度、铝管压溃形态以及CFRP/Al粘接界面状态等产生变化。随后对比了三种不同结构形式CFRP/Al混合圆管的吸能特性,发现外层缠绕[90°/±45°]CFRP/Al混合圆管吸能性最好。     

基于混合神经遗传算法的扩胀管吸能特性预测

由于结构参数对吸能元件的吸能特性具有重要影响,将填充了泡沫铝的扩胀管与混合神经遗传算法相结合,对不同结构参数下扩胀管吸能特性进行分析预测。首先,基于泡沫铝填充机理设计出泡沫铝填充的扩胀式吸能装置,并建立有限元模型;然后利用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对不同参数变化情况下的扩胀管进行准静态轴向碰撞仿真;最后将胀管壁厚、诱导锥角、泡沫铝密度作为BP神经网络输入,扩胀管吸能特性参数作为网络输出,利用遗传算法优化网络权重和阈值,建立3层BP神经网络预测模型,经样本数据训练得到合适的网络。研究结果表明,网络预测值与期望值很接近,平均压溃载荷的误差值为3.02%,比吸能的误差值为4.82%,压缩力效率的误差值为0.92%,说明了该网络模型能够有效地预测扩胀管的吸能特性,并具有较高的精确度。     

聚乙烯泡沫单填充纸蜂窝夹层管的轴向缓冲吸能特性

借鉴波纹管、夹层管和泡沫填充管等设计思想,利用纸蜂窝和聚乙烯泡沫这两种优质缓冲吸能材料,提出聚乙烯泡沫单填充正多边形纸蜂窝夹层管的设计思路.通过静态和动态轴向压缩试验分析,研究这类结构的轴向缓冲吸能特性,探讨结构参数、跌落冲击参数对变形特征和关键吸能指标的影响,为其结构设计与性能优化提供参考.结果表明,在轴向静态压缩情...     

复合材料波纹板准静态压溃仿真与试验及材料模型参数分析

通过材料性能试验和复合材料波纹板准静态压溃试验,获得了T700/3234复合材料的力学性能参数及波纹板的压溃吸能结果。应用LS-DYNA进行复合材料波纹板压溃仿真分析,仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了复合材料波纹板有限元模型和材料模型的正确性。对材料模型参数进行变量分析,基于正交试验数据拟合得到了试件比吸能与其材料参数之间的非线性映射关系,构造出了相应的响应表面,对材料参数的选取方案进行了优化。结果表明,优化方法能够有效辅助有限元建模,大大减少模型试算次数。     

泡沫铝填充帽型结构轴向冲击吸能特性的试验研究

利用冲击试验系统,通过试验方法研究了泡沫铝填充帽型结构在轴向冲击工况下的吸能特性。首先进行了泡沫铝、空心帽型结构以及泡沫铝填充帽型结构的轴向冲击试验;然后根据试验结果,对泡沫铝填充帽型结构轴向冲击工况下的吸能特性进行了分析,评估了填充泡沫铝以及应变率对帽型结构吸能特性的影响。试验结果表明, 与空心结构相比,填充泡沫铝之后帽型结构的轴向压缩稳定性和吸能特性有明显的改善;由于材料对应变率敏感, 与准静态压缩相比,结构的吸能特性有一定的提高。     

泡沫铝填充帽型结构轴向压缩吸能特性的试验研究

通过试验方法研究了泡沫铝填充帽型结构准静态压溃时的吸能特性。首先,进行了泡沫铝空心帽型结构以及泡沫铝填充帽型结构的轴向压缩试验;然后,根据试验结果,对泡沫铝填充帽型结构的轴向吸能特性进行了分析,并与空心帽型结构进行了比较。结果表明,填充泡沫铝之后,帽型结构的轴向压缩稳定性和吸能特性有了很大的提高。在吸收的能量一定时,泡沫铝填充能够减少吸能结构所需要的质量。     

聚合物泡沫填充双管结构弯曲吸能性能优化设计

为探索更加轻质高效的吸能结构,满足碰撞安全性能设计需求,针对一种新颖的聚合物泡沫填充双管结构的弯曲吸能性能进行了参数研究及优化设计。优化设计考虑了3种不同的弯曲工况,以结构的外管厚度、内管外径及内管厚度为优化设计变量,以提升结构的比吸能(Specific Energy Absorption,SEA)为目标,并限制弯曲过程中的峰值力(Peak Crushing Force,PCF)。优化采用了一种综合有限元仿真分析、实验设计、代理模型技术、优化算法的系统方法。优化结果表明:相比初始设计,聚合物泡沫填充双管结构最优设计在3种弯曲工况下的吸能性能均有提升。     

填充泡沫铜对石蜡相变蓄热性能的试验研究

以石蜡作为相变蓄热材料,泡沫铜作为填充材料加工制作了相变蓄热装置,并搭建了蓄热器热性能实验台,对填充泡沫铜和未填充泡沫铜的蓄热容器分别进行了相变蓄热试验,测量相变材料的温度并通过数据采集仪进行采集,整理绘制了在不同条件下的温度时间曲线并进行了分析讨论。结果表明泡沫铜的添加不仅使蓄热器内温度分布均匀,而且大大缩短了蓄热所需时间。     

Influence of electrical discharge machining parameters on cutting parameters of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic

Today the use of high-strength carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) composite as a material for many engineering applications is showing an increasing demand in the industry. These composites are replacing the traditional use of steel because they offer many advantages such as very light weight, high strength, and high stiffness associated with good corrosion-resistant properties. Unfortunately, there is little technological knowledge on the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process of high-strength composite materials, especially about the CFRP. In this work, a study has made into the possibility of using EDM process as a means of machining CFRP composite. Various cutting conditions such as peak current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time and open-circuit voltage were selected to perform electrical discharge machining. The effect of electrode rotation was also studied. Optimum cutting conditions and machine settings for EDM were chosen for machining CFRP composites.     

高强钢/碳纤维增强复合材料热冲压-连接一体化工艺可行性及试样弯曲性能研究

提出一种高强钢/碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的多材料零件连接成形一体化加工工艺,利用热冲压工艺对高强钢和CFRP预浸料进行连接并成形高强钢/CFRP多材料零件。研究热冲压过程中不同的淬火温度下多材料复合板的制备工艺,并对试样中钢板进行微观观测,最后对复合件进行弯曲试验。微观检测结果表明,该工艺下钢板组织为全马氏体组织。三点弯曲试验结果表明,未铺设CFRP试样、铺设2层CFRP试样和铺设4层CFRP试样的弯曲角度分别为130°、110°和104°。对弯曲试验的力位移曲线进行积分,计算试样的能量吸收量,得到如下结论：未铺设CFRP试样、铺设2层CFRP试样和铺设4层CFRP试样的能量吸收量分别为9410 J、9692 J和10 050 J;铺设2层CFRP的试样和铺设4层CFRP的试样相比于未铺设CFRP的试样,能量吸收量分别增加2.9%和6.8%。     

Terahertz scanning techniques for paint thickness on CFRP composite solid laminates

Terahertz ray (T-ray) scanning applications are promising tools. The use of T-ray for nondestructive evaluation was investigated on composite materials. In this characterization procedure, electromagnetic properties, such as the refractive index, were analyzed. The estimates of properties are in good agreement with known data. We successfully demonstrated the characteristics of T-ray propagating through Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites to acquire the refractive index by using the characterized material properties. A T-ray technique was developed for measuring paint thickness on CFRP laminates. Good results were obtained from tests performed on standard paint samples with thickness starting from approximately 100 μm. The method was based on reflection mode measurement with time of flight. Another method developed for measuring paint thickness using resonance frequencies was utilized to determine paint thickness on composite laminates. The paint thickness deduced from resonance frequencies agrees well with the result obtained directly from time-domain echoes.     

粉煤灰漂珠/聚氨酯复合泡沫铝材料压缩性能与本构关系研究

采用压力渗透法制备出了铝基复合泡沫材料,填充材料是以粉煤灰漂珠为主要组分、硬质聚氨酯泡沫为粘结剂的复合泡沫材料.通过准静态实验和分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)动态压缩的方法研究了复合泡沫铝的压缩力学响应,然后建立了动态本构关系.研究表明,复合泡沫铝的压缩应力-应变曲线与其它泡沫材料的应力-应变曲线类似,文中的两种铝基复合泡沫具有应变率效应,复合泡沫铝较密度相近未填充前的泡沫铝基具有更高的压缩强度与能量吸收能力.但由于漂珠尺寸的不同,导致两种复合泡沫铝的动态压缩结果不尽相同,且小颗粒复合泡沫铝在动态冲击下吸能效果最好.在本研究实验的应变率和密度范围内,本文建立的本构模型曲线与实验曲线吻合较好.     

粉煤灰漂珠/聚氨酯复合泡沫铝材料压缩性能与本构关系研究

采用压力渗透法制备出了铝基复合泡沫材料,填充材料是以粉煤灰漂珠为主要组分、硬质聚氨酯泡沫为粘结剂的复合泡沫材料.通过准静态实验和分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)动态压缩的方法研究了复合泡沫铝的压缩力学响应,然后建立了动态本构关系.研究表明,复合泡沫铝的压缩应力-应变曲线与其它泡沫材料的应力-应变曲线类似,文中的两种铝基复合泡沫具有应变率效应,复合泡沫铝较密度相近未填充前的泡沫铝基具有更高的压缩强度与能量吸收能力.但由于漂珠尺寸的不同,导致两种复合泡沫铝的动态压缩结果不尽相同,且小颗粒复合泡沫铝在动态冲击下吸能效果最好.在本研究实验的应变率和密度范围内,本文建立的本构模型曲线与实验曲线吻合较好.     

Static and dynamic axial crushing of foam-filled sheet metal tubes

Experimental results are provided for the quasi-static and dynamic axial crushing of thin-walled square and rectangular tubes manufactured from sheet metal. The tubes were tested both empty and filled with polyurethane foam of various densities. Both the stability and the energy absorbing characteristics of the tubes are described and discussed. Simple theoretical models are proposed to explain and quantify the interaction between the foam and the sheet metal tubes.     

Experimental studies on performance of reinforced concrete beam strengthened with CFRP under cyclic loading using FBG array

Investigations are increasingly being carried out in the area of utilizing Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) materials for retrofitting and repairing existing damaged concrete structures due to their excellent properties. Favorable mechanical and material characteristics of FRP composites make them attractive for strengthening applications, whereas relatively higher material costs, insufficient knowledge in mechanics of their behavior, long-term durability and lack of related design codes are the issues that need to be addressed for mainstream application of these materials. Although there has been growing interest and field applications of strengthening concrete structures using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) sheet/plate, very little information exists regarding the flexural fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP. A common cause of failure in such strengthened members is associated with the debonding of CFRP substrate from the concrete in an abrupt manner. In order to understand the mechanism of debonding in strengthened concrete structures, embedment of strain sensors (Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) array) between the concrete and CFRP is proposed in this paper. Due to the compatibility with CFRP material and being small in size, fiber optic sensor is a good choice for embedding at the interface to measure interfacial strain. This paper presents the experimental studies carried out on CFRP strengthened concrete members subjected to cyclic loading. A special emphasis has been placed on understanding the failure pattern using the embedded FBG sensors. Based on the studies it is concluded that the strain at the interface of CFRP strengthened concrete members can be measured.     

High-velocity impact experiment of aluminum foam sample using powder gun

Porous materials such as aluminum foam have been investigated for possible use as impact shock absorbers in transportation aeronautic applications. However, the response of aluminum foam during impacts at high velocities of more than 100 m/s is not yet fully understood. A high-velocity impact experiment was therefore carried out to clarify impact shock absorption properties of aluminum foam. A one-stage powder gun was used to accelerate an aluminum foam sample to impact a rigid wall. Velocity and deformation of the aluminum foam sample during impact was studied using a digital high-speed video camera, while the pressure wave in the aluminum foam sample was measured using a PVDF gauge. The experimental observations revealed uneven collapse of the aluminum foam sample structure during high speed impact with a general stress plateau effect, typical for cellular material structures when subjected to quasi-static loading.