导流式油气润滑喷嘴试验研究北大核心

通过射流形态拍摄、液滴分布和尺寸测量及油气润滑供油量台架试验对新型导流式油气润滑喷嘴进行了优越性研究,分析了喷嘴导流体结构参数对轴承润滑效果的影响。最后将有AF涂层和未作任何处理的导流体对轴承润滑效果的影响进行对比可知,导流体材料表面能并非越小越好。     

导流式油气润滑喷嘴试验研究

通过射流形态拍摄、液滴分布和尺寸测量及油气润滑供油量台架试验对新型导流式油气润滑喷嘴进行了优越性研究,分析了喷嘴导流体结构参数对轴承润滑效果的影响。最后将有AF涂层和未作任何处理的导流体对轴承润滑效果的影响进行对比可知,导流体材料表面能并非越小越好。     

喷嘴结构及参数对油气润滑轴承性能的影响

采用高速轴承试验台对油气润滑条件下轴承温升和运转摩擦力矩进行测量，分析喷嘴结构及参数对轴承性能的影响。结果表明：相同工况下采用导流式喷嘴结构所需的润滑剂最佳供油量低于孔式喷嘴结构；在给定润滑剂供油量条件下，导流式喷嘴在高速和重载工况下的优势更明显；导流丝越长，轴承的温升和运转摩擦力矩越低，而导流丝直径对轴承润滑性能的影响较弱；通过对液滴壁面分布形态进行观察分析，发现导流式喷嘴的优势在于其良好的润滑剂输送能力。     

一种新型导流式喷嘴的Fluent仿真分析

基于两相流基本理论,建立了新型导流式喷嘴与普通孔式喷嘴的计算流体力学模型,并使用Ansys ICEM对计算域划分了网格。根据实验中油气润滑系统所使用的工作参数,通过Ansys Fluent流体分析软件对两种喷嘴的射流特性进行了仿真计算。结果显示:在入口同速同压条件下或实测入口条件下,新型导流式喷嘴在射流出口速度以及供油均匀性上都比普通孔式喷嘴要好;仿真结果与在实验室中测量的数据有较好的相关性。数据为油气润滑系统中喷嘴的设计及优化提供了依据。     

喷嘴结构对高速滚动轴承油气润滑两相流特性的影响

基于油气两相流基本理论,采用 Fluent 仿真软件建立油气润滑系统喷嘴、轴承腔的油气两相流模型,分析油气两相流流经直接喷射型和内圈喷射型2种结构喷嘴后在轴承腔内的流动状态,分析内圈喷射型喷嘴的竖直管道与倾斜管道夹角及喷嘴出口结构等关键设计参数对轴承内部油气两相流分布状况的影响。仿真结果表明：内圈喷射型喷嘴具有更好的润滑效果,减小了油气润滑系统的耗油量和耗气量;竖管与倾斜管道夹角越小,越利于环状流的保持,供油均匀性越好;突扩管结构设计,有利于缓解因油气波动造成的供油不均匀。     

基于正交试验法的齿轮油气润滑参数优化探究

为了解决乏油工况下的齿轮润滑问题,探究使用油气润滑的齿轮传动效果和最佳油气参数。通过设计5水平正交试验,分析了在不同转速、负载工况下,供油量、供气量和喷嘴高度对齿轮传动平台润滑效果的影响程度和齿面温度,进而获得最佳的水平设置和油气参数最优解,并与传统浸油润滑效果进行了对比试验。结果表明,供气量对油气润滑效果影响最大且存在最佳供气量;供油量影响次之;适当增加供油量有利于润滑,但超过一定数值后润滑效果提升有限;喷嘴高度影响最小,其数值存在最佳值,为保安全可将喷嘴适当远离啮合区放置。油气润滑降温效果好,其传动效率在相同载荷工况下优于浸油润滑。本文的研究可对油气润滑在齿轮传动中的应用提供技术指导。     

喷嘴结构对油气润滑环状流特性的影响

油气润滑供油连续性与稳定性实际表现为输油管内部环状流的油膜连续性及油液波动程度的变化,为了研究喷嘴结构对油气润滑输油管内环状流特性的影响,基于气液两相流基本理论,利用流体力学计算软件FLUENT中VOF模型对高速滚动轴承油气润滑输油管中的油气分布状态及速度变化进行数值仿真。研究喷嘴结构参数对输油管中油气环状流特性的影响,得到了喷嘴结构参数对油气润滑环状流特性的影响关系。结果表明:影响油气润滑系统环状流特性的主要因素是喷嘴的入口和出口直径,两者越接近,对环状流特性影响越小;喷嘴突缩角对油气环状流特性的影响较小;通过研究喷嘴结构与油气环状流的影响关系,为喷嘴结构优化设计及油气润滑输油管内部流场的分析提供了理论基础与依据。     

某涡轴发动机轴承环下润滑结构试验研究

某型涡轴发动机的主轴轴承采用轴向环下润滑结构,为验证其轴向收油以及输油结构的有效性,开展供油效率试验研究。介绍试验原理和试验方案,试验研究转速、供油压力以及喷嘴轴向位置对供油效率的影响。试验结果表明:供油效率随供油压力的增加而降低,随喷嘴与锁紧螺母轴向距离增大而减小;在发动机典型工况转速、供油压力条件下,研究的轴向环下润滑结构供油效率大于90%,满足设计要求。     

圆锥滚子轴承油气润滑试验研究

对圆锥滚子轴承HR32307J进行了油气润滑试验研究,分析了油气润滑输油管长度、轴向预紧力、喷嘴个数、供气压力、转速和供油量对轴承温升的影响,确定了高速滚动轴承合理的油气润滑参数。试验表明:随着输油管道长度、喷嘴个数、供油量的增加,轴承温升呈先降低后升高的趋势;随着轴向预紧力的增加,轴承温升基本呈线性增长;随着供气压力的增长,轴承温升呈下降趋势,且下降趋势逐渐减缓;随着转速的增加,轴承温升呈较大幅度的增长。     

油气润滑滚动轴承最佳供油量试验研究

在自行研制的油气润滑滚动轴承的试验装置上,研究了在不同载荷下供油量变化对油气润滑滚动轴承外圈温度的影响过程。结果表明,发现随着载荷的升高,最佳供油量的数值不断增大,表明油气润滑在不同的工况条件下要采用不同的最佳供油量进行工作,才能实现最佳的油气润滑效果。     

气动式微滴喷射中液滴稳定生成的动力学特性研究

微滴喷射增材制造技术作为制造领域的新兴前沿技术有着广泛的应用前景,微滴生成特性对增材制造中微滴在基板铺展、搭接、凝固等过程影响较大,研究微滴生成特性对于提高液滴生成尺寸、频率和稳定性有重要意义。通过试验研究气动按需喷射作用下的微滴喷射行为,探究喷嘴尺寸、黏度和供给压力等因素对射流断裂过程及液滴生成稳定性的影响关系,并进一步研究形成角的变化对液桥断裂顺序及卫星液滴产生的影响关系。研究结果表明,随着喷嘴直径减少,韦伯数（We）显著减少,当喷嘴直径减少到100 μm时,We变为0.33,液滴尺寸与喷嘴直径的比值急剧增大;随着黏度的增加,射流颈缩段的液桥显著增长,液滴尺寸明显增大。在保证生成单个液滴的压力条件下,当供给压力较小时,液桥两端先后断裂形成卫星滴,并最终与半月面融合;随着压力的增大,液桥只发生一次断裂,剩余射流回缩到喷嘴内。在气动式喷射方式中由于上形成角始终大于下形成角,所以液桥总是在靠近液滴端首先断裂,该研究结果有助于提高气动式微滴喷射装置的液滴生成质量。     

内混式喷嘴雾化特性的试验与仿真研究

利用马尔文测雾仪对内混式喷嘴在不同工况下的雾化特性进行试验研究。根据试验结果,分析气压、水压以及气液比等因素对液滴粒径及均匀性的影响。利用Fluent软件对内混式喷嘴进行数值模拟,研究喷嘴混合段以及外流场的粒径变化。结果表明:随着气压、气液比的增加,喷嘴的雾化粒径减小,且气压为主要影响因素;内混式喷嘴内部粒径先增大后减小,在喷嘴出口处锐减,外流场中粒径沿轴向方向逐渐增大;将喷嘴出口处模拟粒径与实验结果对比,粒径大小及其变化趋势吻合较好。     

Simulation of droplet generation through electrostatic forces

This paper represents the multiphysics simulation of droplet generation of ink containing conductive nano-particles through electrostatic forces on substrate. The main focus is to investigate the phenomena by generating the drops through a nozzle with the help of electrostatic forces. The electrostatic based deposition system has vast application in printed electronics and biotechnology. In electrostatic deposition mechanism for droplet generation, a strong electric potential is applied at the tip of the nozzle; due this electric potential, the liquid containing the nano-particles experience strong electrostatic static forces at the interface with the air (at the tip of the nozzle). When these electrostatic forces exceed the internal (viscous forces) and external forces (surface tension), a deformation takes place which results in the flow of the liquid in the form of droplets. The size of the droplet is dependent on different parameters like applied voltage, properties of the ink, dimension of the nozzle. To have better understanding of this, a numerical simulation was performed based on multi-physics approach. Multiple simulations were performed by changing the position of electrode in nozzle and varying the applied voltage. Droplet size with respect to applied voltage was evaluated; electric field with respect to applied voltage and time for the droplet generation was also evaluated through these simulations. This study will help in better understanding the parameters of droplet generation phenomena and optimal design of the nozzle for the electrostatic inkjet system.     

Intermittent atomization characteristics of multi-hole and single-hole diesel nozzle

The intermittent spray characteristics of a multi-hole and a single-hole diesel nozzle were experimentally investigated. The hole number of the multi-hole nozzle was 5, and the hole diameter of the 5-hole and the single-hole nozzle was the same as d_n=0.32 mm with the constant hole length to diameter ratio (l_n/d_n=2.81). The droplet diameters of the spray, including the time-resolved droplet diameter, SMD (Sauter mean diameter) and AMD (arithmetic mean diameter), injected intermittently from the two nozzles into the still ambient were measured by using a 2-D PDPA (phase Doppler particle analyzer). Through the time-resolved evolutions of the droplet diameter, it was found that the structure of the multi-hole and the single-hole nozzle spray consisted of the three main parts : (a) the leading edge affected by surrounding air and composed of small droplets ; (b) the central part surrounded by the leading edge and mixing flow region and scarcely affected by the resistance of air ; (c) the trailing edge formed by the passage of the central part. The SMD decreases gradually with the increase in the radial distance, and the constant value is obtained at the outer region of the radial distance (normalized by hole diameter) of 7-8 and 6 for the 5-hole and single-hole nozzle, respectively. The SMD along the centerline of the spray decrease shapely with the increase in the axial distance after showing the maximum value near the nozzle tip. The SMD remains the constant value near the axial distance (normalized by hole diameter) of 150 and 180 for the 5-hole and the single-hole nozzle, respectively.     

Effect of nozzle geometry for swirl type twin-fluid water mist nozzle on the spray characteristic

Experimental investigations on the atomization characteristics of twin-fluid water mist nozzle were conducted using particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and particle motion analysis system (PMAS). The twin-fluid water mist nozzles with swirlers designed two types of swirl angles such as 0°, 90° and three different size nozzle hole diameters such as 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm were employed. The experiments were carried out by the injection pressure of water and air divided into 1bar, 2bar respectively. The droplet size of the spray was measured using PMAS. The velocity and turbulence intensity were measured using PIV. The velocity, turbulence intensity and SMD distributions of the sprays were measured along the centerline and radial direction. As the experimental results, swirl angle controlled to droplet sizes. It was found that SMD distribution decreases with the increase of swirl angle. The developed twin-fluid water mist nozzle was satisfied to the criteria of NFPA 750, Class 1. It was proven that the developed nozzle under low pressures could be applied to fire protection system.     

An investigation of design parameter and atomization mechanism for air shrouded injectors

With increasing requirements for the less harmful exhaust emissions and the better fuel economy, the conventional injectors in gasoline engines can be replaced by the air shrouded injector in order to provide improved combustion in engine operations. To find out the optimal shape of air shrouded atomizer attached to the conventional injector nozzle, the critical design parameters such as droplet size, fuel and air inlet angles, and injection angles were investigated based on experimental analyses. To explain the characteristics of fuel atomization, these experimental approaches were carried out using a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) system. The droplet sizes of injected air fuel mixture were obtained by using the beam diffraction phenomenon. In order to improve the atomization effect, the various atomizers were investigated. The Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) measured at the predetermined locations outside the atomizer represented the performance of fuel atomization. The experimental results show that the design factors and atomization mechanism needed for developing air shrouded injectors. The suggested design parameters in this paper can be a useful reference in the early design stage.     

基于微量润滑磨削的双喷口喷嘴雾化仿真分析

为了减小磨削时砂轮表面气障层的影响,提高磨削液润滑和冷却的效果,设计了一种双喷口结构的喷嘴。分析了微量润滑雾化机理,采用二级雾化理论建立了雾化数学模型,对双喷口喷嘴的雾化过程进行了仿真分析,并对仿真结果进行了验证。研究结果表明：双喷口喷嘴能有效减小雾滴直径,提高磨削液的雾化效果;辅助喷口雾滴可以扰乱砂轮表面的空气环流,减小气障层对主喷口雾滴流向的影响,促使主喷口喷出的雾滴能顺利进入磨削区。     

柴油机燃烧室匹配参数对撞壁喷雾特性的影响

利用高速纹影摄像技术,研究了喷油器喷孔角度、喷孔与活塞顶面间的撞壁距离、燃烧室缩口半径和凸台夹角对柴油撞击燃烧室壁面后喷雾特性的影响。研究结果表明,试验条件下适宜的喷孔角度为75°,增大喷孔角度可以促进喷雾撞壁后的油气混合,但是喷孔角度过大会增加油束撞击气缸盖和气缸套的风险;适宜的撞壁距离为4.2mm,即压缩上止点前15°CA（CA指曲轴转角）,较小的撞壁距离会促进喷雾液滴在凹坑区域的碰撞与黏结,而较大的撞壁距离不利于燃烧室中心区域的空气利用;此外,适当增大缩口半径可以促进燃油与空气的混合,减小燃烧室壁面的燃油湿壁面积;改变凸台夹角可以控制撞壁后喷雾在燃烧室中心区域的扩散速度。     

空气喷嘴的喷雾特性研究

对空气喷嘴进行了实验室测试,研究了空气喷嘴的单位打击力、线性打击力和有效覆盖宽度与喷雾距离的关系,噪声和空气流量与空气压力的关系,对选择合适的空气喷嘴有一定的指导作用.     

The effects of injector nozzle geometry and operating pressure conditions on the transient fuel spray behavior

Effects of injector nozzle geometry and operating pressure conditions such as opening pressure, ambient pressure, and injection pressure on the transient fuel spray behavior have been examined by experiments. In order to clarify the effect of internal flow inside nozzle on the external spray, flow details inside model nozzle and real nozzle were also investigated both experimentally and numerically. For the effect of injection pressures, droplet sizes and velocities were obtained at maximum line pressure of 21 MPa and 105 MPa. Droplet sizes produced from the round inlet nozzle were larger than those from the sharp inlet nozzle and the spray angle of the round inlet nozzle was narrower than that from the sharp inlet nozzle. With the increase of opening pressure, spray tip penetration and spray angle were increased at both lower ambient pressure and higher ambient pressure. The velocity and size profiles maintained similarity despite of the substantial change in injection pressure, however, the increased injection pressure produced a higher percentage of droplet that are likely to breakup.