太阳热水器—冰箱复合机性能实验研究

对一种新型的可同时供热和制冷的太阳热水器-冰箱复合机装置进行了实验研究。采用电加热模拟实验,在热水箱内放入22℃的水,加入热量61MJ后得到92℃热水120kg,和-1.5℃冰9kg,系统制冷COPsystem为0.0591,制冷循环COPcycle为0.41。对现有的热水器-制冰复合机进行改装使之具有真正的冰箱功能后,热水箱内放入21℃的水120kg,冷凝温度控制在30℃左右,装置加热输入55MJ热量后,结果发现蒸发器中的4kg蓄冷剂-水都结为-2℃的冰,用这些冰和制冷剂冷量可使100L冰箱内温度保持低于5℃达3天之久,该实验结果为将来利用太阳能作为驱动源进行制冷和供热的吸附式制冷装置的商品化打下了基础。     

DESIGN STUDY OF A MULTIWICK-CUM-CONVENTIONAL SOLAR STILL-CUM-SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM

There has been considerable effort as to the manner in which the productivity of solar stills is affected by many of the designs and operating variables. To assist in designing the stills of improved performance, design parameters involved in the operation of the system have been considered in this paper. Curves showing the magnitude of the effects of design changes on the productivity are presented. Numerical computations, which are based on energy balances of different components of this system, confirm the productivity improvement in between 23.6% to 51.2% depending on the water-flow-rate from the vertical water column on the multiwicks. This design incorporates a multiwick solar still and a conventional basin type solar still. Hot water at considerably higher than the ambient temperature may be obtained at different flow rate from this design as well.     

太阳能生活热水系统相变储能研究进展

该文阐述了太阳能生活热水（SDHW）系统用相变材料的选择与封装情况,综述了相变材料在SDHW系统水箱、太阳能集热器和SDHW系统循环中的储能及其改进与强化换热研究进展情况,并对今后SDHW系统相变材料应用发展方向提出建议和展望。研究表明,石蜡与三水醋酸钠应用于SDHW系统水箱和集热器的研究较为广泛,其封装形式主要是的塑料、铝、不锈钢的宏封装,形状为管、柱体、球等,且相变材料加入到传统的SDHW系统中均能提高太阳能生活热水器的储热性能,其储热性能还有较大的提升与改进空间。     

太阳能吸收式空调及供热系统的设计和性能

一套太阳能吸收式空调及供热综合系统已在山东省乳山市建成。该系统由热管式真空管集热器、溴化锂吸收式制冷机、储水箱、循环、冷却塔、空调箱、辅助燃油锅炉和自动控制系统等内部分组成,具有夏季制冷、冬季供热和全年提供生活用热水等功能。太阳能集热器总采光面积540m∧2,制冷、供热功率100kW,空调、采暖建筑面积1000m∧2供生活用热水量32m∧3／d。文中着重介绍了系统的设计特点和测试性能。     

夏热冬冷地区闭式湖水源热泵系统的运行特性分析

建立了闭式湖水源热泵系统的数学模型,根据逐时负荷与逐时气象参数对位于长沙的某闭式湖水源热泵系统的动态特性进行模拟,分析了封闭水体的深度和面积对制冷及制热工况下机组进液温度的影响。分析结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,增加水体的深度对系统的供冷性能有利,对系统的供热性能反而不利;增加水体的面积对提高系统供冷性能的作用较小,对提高系统供热性能的作用较大。在一些与长沙气候类似的地区应用闭式湖水源热泵系统时,只要换热盘管长度适当,换热流体可以不采用防冻液。     

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SOLAR POND FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEATING

This paper describes the design of a solar pond for delivering 54 m³/day of hot water at 60°C to a catering facility in Singapore. The design of the pond was carried out in two steps. First, the depths of different layers of the pond were determined by considering the maximum temperature of the storage zone and the useful energy gain. For the given load and the local meteorological conditions, the optimum depths of various layers of the pond were found as follows:

Depth of surface-mixed layer:0.32 m

Depth of the insulation zone :1.00 m

Depth of storage zone:1.00 m

Total depth of the pond:2.32 m

The minimum payback period was used as the economic figure of merit to determine the optimum area of the pond. The optimum area of the pond is 6000 m². The payback period depends on the transparency of the pond, and for the conditions considered in the study, it varies between 3 and 4.5 years, The solar fraction varies from 65% for extinction coefficient, ( μ = 1.0m^?1 to 94% for μ = 0.55 m^?1, An experimental pond with an area of 14 m² and a depth of 1.5 m was built and tested over a period of time under the meteorological condition of Singapore. These results are used to validate the mathematical equations used in the design of the solar pond. A good agreement was found to exist between experimental and analytical results.     

塔式太阳能热发电系统性能模型及其仿真研究

结合塔式太阳能热发电系统中主要设备的机理模型和变工况下的运行方式,建立一套能完整反映电站工作过程的性能模型.发电系统在太阳法向直射辐照度扰动下的动态过程研究结果表明:吸热器出口熔盐温度、表面最高温度、散热功率的过渡过程较平缓,效率在瞬时突变后会逐渐恢复到接近扰动发生前的水平;吸热器出口熔盐温度、表面最高温度、散热功率与...     

一种新颖的太阳能制冷管及其性能实验研究

一种新颖结构的太阳能吸附制冷管,其吸附床由一种具有高强度,高吸附性能和导热性能,并对太阳能具有高吸收率的复合吸附剂块组成,与已有的太阳能制冷系统相比,每根冷管生成一个制冷系统,结构简单,密封性好,同时吸附床可直接吸收太阳辐射,提高了对太阳能的有效利用。实验表明,在未采用专门的集热装置,吸附床向阳面温度仅为７５℃左右的情况下,冷管的性能,系数可达８％左右。     

太阳能中温闪蒸海水淡化系统产水性能研究

为提高系统产水性能并降低内部结垢,提出一种由非跟踪复合抛物面聚光器加热导热油至100 ℃以上作为供能热源,采用喷雾辅助闪蒸的海水淡化系统。实验研究实际天气中,不同太阳辐照度下进水口温度、进水流量对系统产淡水性能的影响。采用密封压力桶可将进水口温度升至沸点以上,最高可达123 ℃。太阳辐照度波动较大时,进水口温度保持稳定,系统可稳定运行。进水口温度对产水速率影响显著,平均进水口温度从100 ℃升至120 ℃时,产水速率提高47.61%。当进水流量为50 kg/h,压力维持在0.045 MPa时,系统产水速率最大,日累计淡水产量可达11.14 kg/（d·m²）,小时效率为81.45%,单级生产率为9.15%。     

聚光热电系统电池阵列特性及关联参数影响

优选出性能较好的空间太阳电池阵列和砷化镓电池阵列进行聚光实验,研究两种电池阵列聚光特性和特性参数受聚光条件影响,对其建立数学模型,分析系统特性受关联参数的影响。实验表明,空间电池阵列I-V特性曲线随聚光比增加变成直线,其填充因子FF也随聚光比增加而减小,效率η先增加后减少,在8.48倍聚光比时达到最高为8.65%;砷化镓电池阵列I-V曲线随聚光比增加保持较好特性,填充因子FF有所下降,η增加。高光强引起温度的升高对电池阵列输出性能有较大影响,且砷化镓电池阵列受到的影响大于空间电池阵列。计算表明,系统特性参数对性能有不同程度的影响,其中,反射镜面光学效率对系统性能影响最大,为系统优化设计首要考虑因素。     

复合热源太阳能热泵供热系统及其性能模拟

提出了一种复合热源太阳能热泵供热系统,通过阀门切换,可根据不同的天气状况改变运行模式,以空气和太阳辐射作为热源制取供暖用水。针对所设计的10kW供热系统,建立了系统的数学模型,对热泵串联集热器(SC+HP)及集热器串联热泵(H+SC)两种运行模式下的循环性能进行了计算机模拟分析,并计算了系统的全年运行状况。从模拟结果可以看出,在模拟进水温度区间内,HP+SC模式下热泵COP较高,最高比SC+HP模式高2.58%;而SC+HP模式集热器热性能较好,总热效率更高,最高比HP+SC模式高2.62%。     

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF AN ORIGINAL FRENCH SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM: DIRECT SOLAR FLOOR HEATING

Direct Solar Floor Heating ( DSFH) is an original solar heating system made of a set of water circulation pipes embedded in a concrete floor which is directly connected to the solar collectors without heat exchanger or any other storage. The concrete slab is thick enough to be used as storage. Performance of many installations in France have been measured and give satisfaction. Furthermore, a simplified sizing method has been proposed. We set forth simulations with EMGP2, in order to improve both of these results and to optimize the economic and technical performances of the system. An optimum size which the method did not anticipate is indeed found if we correctly took into account the function of the floor in the system. Two points have to be supervised: comfort and regulation for which some preliminary informations are given. A methodology is proposed in order to analyse bare results from measured data.     

不锈钢太阳能贮热水箱的缝隙腐蚀

该文通过对不同地区使用中的不锈钢太阳能贮热水箱选取解剖，进行宏、微观检验，研究探索了常年处于含氯离子的水介质中的不锈钢热水箱最常见的腐蚀类型及规律。试验证明，在水中有高浓度氯离子的地区，304不锈钢贮热水箱最主要的腐蚀形式为缝隙腐蚀（或点腐蚀）一类电化学腐蚀，因腐蚀速度较快，对水箱的使用寿命威胁较大。选用抗点蚀能力更强的含Mo不锈钢并避免采用有缝隙的焊接接头形式将会有效地提高贮热水箱的使用寿命。     

新型太阳能海水淡化装置工作原理及性能优化

提出一种新型高效太阳能海水淡化装置,采用涡旋式真空泵实现海水负压蒸发,采用热泵供热循环充分回收水蒸气的凝结潜热,采用组合式蒸发冷凝器以减小海水热容,采用带有冷热水箱的新型太阳集热器以提高海水的集热温度,分析了该装置的工作原理、主要设备和性能特点;为了提高装置的性能,以单位淡水产量所消耗的功耗最小为目标函数,建立了装置性能参数优化的教学模型,得到了优化的蒸发温度为Te=57℃,并得到了该装置的功耗随蒸发温度的变化规律.     

EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF BUILT-IN-STORAGE SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS IN LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS

Hourly thermal performance (both in laboratory and field conditions) of three designs of built-in-storage solar water heating systems of 100 litres capacity each has been reported. A different storage tank design is used in each of the three cases. Design I consists of three tanks connected in series; in Design II, a parallelepipedic tank is divided into five zones with baffles; Design III is a simple parallelepipedic tank. The first two designs help in inducing thermal stratification in the tank. It is seen from the results that the performance of Design II is the best of the three. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

OPTIMIZATION OF DOMESTIC SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM

TRNSYS program was used to simulate the performance of a thermosyphon type domestic solar water heating system which is used in the West Bank. The system installation and operation parameters were optimized including collector tilt angle, the hot water storage tank volume and location relative to the collector, and the hot water consumption pattern and daily rate.     

太阳能光伏发电供热系统的性能分析

建立了一个二维模型以模拟系统工作性能,讨论了聚光比、冷却水流速度等参数对系统性能的影响.随聚光比增加,太阳电池温度近乎线性增加,而系统电效率先增加后减小,热效率则先减小后增加.冷却水流速度的增加能减小电池温度,增加系统电效率;增加水流速度对系统性能的影响大小与水流所处的流动状态(层流、过渡区、湍流)以及聚光比的大小有关.     

负压对太阳能加湿除湿产淡水性能的影响

为提高淡水产量,设计一种太阳能负压式太阳能加湿除湿海水淡化系统,通过减小加湿腔体内压强来增加湿空气中含湿量,湿空气分别在液环真空泵和除湿腔内冷凝收集得到淡水。湿空气中含湿量上升,日产淡水总量增加。当湿空气温度70 ℃时,加湿腔压强从90 kPa减至70 kPa,含湿量增加154.9 g/kg;加湿腔压强70 kPa时,12：00—14：00可稳定产淡水1.8 kg/h以上,最高可达2.1 kg/h。装置性能系数GOR最高可达1.7。     

喷射器性能及太阳能喷射制冷系统工质的优化

考虑实际流体热力学性质、混合效率和激波等因素,建立了喷射器热力学模型,计算结果与文献中实验数据吻合很好。文中计算了采用环境友好工质R134a、R152a、R717、R290、R600a时喷射系数及喷射制冷系统性能系数。结果表明,对于确定几何参数的喷射器,喷射系数和喷射制冷系统性能系数主要取决于膨胀比与压缩比,两者分别随膨胀比的增加而增大,压缩比的增加而减小。太阳能驱动喷射制冷系统时(发生温度在80℃左右),采用R134a可以使喷射系数和喷射制冷系统能效比最大,明显优于其他工质。     

太阳空气集热器与热水器的热性能分析和测试的差别

总结和推导了常用太阳空气集热器的有用得热的数学表达式,分析了ＵＬ,Ｆ‘,ＦＲ的数学表达式与热水器的异同,指出了测试和设计空气集热器时应注意的有关问题。