整硬麻花钻刃型结构对加工钛合金切削性能的影响

本文介绍了一种麻花钻主切削刃前角的测量方法,探究麻花钻钻尖前角刃型变化对切削力、切屑形貌、孔径精度和钻头寿命的影响.实验采用的五款不同前角分布和横刃结构的麻花钻在不同的切削参数下以内冷的方式对TC4钛合金钻削的盲孔,结果表明:横刃长度和主切削刃前角分布对切削力产生影响.横刃长度越长,切削力越大.等前角型切削刃切削力大于...     

低频轴向振动钻削的变角切削特性

在对轴向振动钻削的变角切削原理简要分析的基础上,结合普通麻花钻的几何结构,研究了轴向振动钻削情况下振动参数对主切削刃和横刃工作角度的影响规律,然后进行了硬铝(2Al2)的低频轴向振动钻削试验,并对试验中的钻削力和孔径尺寸进行了测量.研究结果表明:低频振动钻削时,轴向振动能够优化钻尖的工作角度、改善切削状况,从而减小了最大横向力,提高了内孔尺寸精度.     

夹层结构复合材料钻削试验研究

选用φ12mm高速钢麻花钻,在干切削条件下对夹层结构复合材料进行单因素钻削试验,研究钻削参数的变化对钻削轴向力的影响规律以及出口垫板对分层的影响;选用聚晶金刚石钻头,通过与高速钢麻花钻比较,研究横刃对轴向力以及分层的影响。结果表明:小进给量情况下,选择横刃小的钻头进行钻削,可以提高孔出口的加工质量。     

加工奥氏体不锈钢用钻头微观几何形状和涂层的优化

钻削奥氏体不锈钢的效果，除了与切削刃几何形状有关外，还与刀具涂层有关。 钻头的微观几何形状显著影响钻削效果 带有各种标准横刃修磨几何形状的麻花钻即将过时，取而代之的将是具有各种不同切削刃微观几何形状的钻头。在本研究中，试验钻头的刃口倒圆半径大致在7～14μm之间，其中有3支钻头在前刀面上增加了0．1mm的倒棱.     

开颅手术中面向低损伤制孔的钻头结构优化设计

为降低颅骨钻孔过程中的钻削温度与轴向力,通过有限元仿真软件ABAQUS建立颅骨钻削模型,探究麻花钻主要几何参数（顶角、螺旋角、腹板厚度与横刃斜角）对机械损伤与热损伤的影响规律。制备可减小机械损伤与热损伤的优化钻头,进行试验。结果表明：麻花钻最优几何参数为顶角96°、螺旋角38.802°、腹板厚度0.8 mm、横刃斜角131.018°;与优化前的钻头相比,优化后的钻头具有更低的轴向力与钻削温度。     

钻孔加工的实验研究

除了难切削材料的加工以外,许多人也呼吁将钻孔加工“作为研究课题进行研究”。为此,日本长野县工科短期大学的研究小组进行了以下四项钻孔加工实验：①标准锥柄麻花钻及加长钻头钻削扭矩、轴向力和切屑的形态比较;②切削不锈钢材料时,扭矩、轴向力以及孔内表面粗糙度的测试;③用硬质合金和高速钢钻头钻削时,扭矩、轴向力以及孔内表面粗糙度的测试;     

0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb超声振动钻削的钻削力和切屑研究

针对深小孔钻削过程中存在轴向力和扭矩较大、断屑排屑效果差、刀具易磨损等问题,通过建立轴向振动钻削运动数学模型,分析了超声振动钻削的钻削力和断屑机制。在设计的超声轴向振动钻削试验装置上对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢材料进行了普通钻削和超声振动钻削深小孔加工试验,对比分析了轴向力、扭矩和切屑形状。实验结果表明:与普通钻削相比,超声振动钻削降低了轴向力和扭矩,获得了良好的断屑和排屑效果,提高了钻削过程的稳定性,延长了刀具的使用寿命。     

钻尖结构对碳纤维复合材料制孔质量的影响

碳纤维复合材料在钻削加工中,容易产生毛刺、撕裂等缺陷。本文采用直径为6 mm的硬质合金钻头开展T300及T700碳纤维复合材料的钻削试验,研究钻头螺旋角、刃形和横刃结构对制孔质量的影响。研究结果表明:采用小进给量时,对孔出口质量影响程度最大的是刃型,而螺旋角和横刃的影响很小;采用大进给量时,对孔出口质量影响最大的是螺旋角,其次是刃型,横刃影响最小;直刃口钻头加工的孔出口质量明显优于凸刃口钻头;大螺旋角略优于小螺旋角;有无横刃的孔出口质量对比差异不显著。     

钛合金Ti6Al4V与铝合金Al7075-T651钻削性能仿真对比分析

为了探究不同材料的钻削加工机理，对比分析了钛合金Ti6Al4V和铝合金Al7075-T651的钻削加工。通过有限元软件ABAQUS对钻削过程进行仿真研究，在有/无热力耦合工况下对工件应力应变、钻削力、摩擦力及能量等方面分析Ti6Al4V和Al7075-T651的差异。仿真结果表明，在非热力耦合模型中，铝合金出口处切屑以帽盖的形式去除，而钛合金则以C形切屑去除；在热力耦合的模型中，钛合金和铝合金的工件最大应力首先位于钻头横刃挤压处，随着钻头的深入，工件最大应力位于钻头主切削刃处；对比有/无热力耦合模型，发现钻削力受温度的影响最显著，其次为摩擦力，最后为塑性能，且铝合金比钛合金更容易受热软化效应的影响。     

用整体硬质合金钻头加工深孔

越来越多的加工车间正用整体硬质合金钻头取代枪钻加工深孔。 在过去枪钻占主导地位的深孔加工刀具市场中,能钻削深度达16—40倍孔径深孔的新一代整体硬质合金麻花钻正占有越来越大的份额。为了提高加工精度和排屑性能,这种整体硬质合金钻头采用了横刃和螺旋槽,并采用高密度硬质合金材料以提高硬度,从而使其能以比枪钻快5—10倍的速度进行钻削加工。     

Effect of deviation on delamination by saw drill

Various cutting techniques are available to drill holes, but drilling is the most common way in secondary machining of composite materials owing to the need for structure joining. Twist drills are widely used in the industry to produce holes rapidly and economically. Since the twist drill has a chisel edge, increasing the length of a chisel edge will result in an increase in the thrust force generated. Whereas, a saw drill has no chisel edge; it utilizes the peripheral distribution of the thrust force for drilling. As a result, the saw drill can achieve better a machining quality in drilling composite laminates than twist drill. The deviation of cutting edge that occurs in saw drill would result in an increase of thrust force during drilling, causing delamination damage when drilling composite materials in particular. A comprehensive model concerning delamination induced by the thrust force of a deviation saw drill during drilling composite materials has been established in the present study. For a deviation saw drill, the critical thrust force that triggers delamination increases with increasing β. A lower feed rate has to be used with an increasing deviation saw drill in order to prevent delamination damage. The results agree with real industrial experience. A guide for avoiding the drill deviation during drill regrinding or drill wear has been proved analytically by the proposed model, especially when the deviation ratio (β) affects the critical thrust force. This approach can be extended to examine similar deviation effects of various drills.     

A new methodology for designing a curve-edged twist drill with an arbitrarily given distribution of the cutting angles along the tool cutting edge

The present study aims at the development of a new methodology for designing a curve-edged twist drill with an arbitrarily given distribution of the cutting angles along the tool cutting edge. The new methodology consists of 81 major mathematical equations and is developed using a method of mapping relevant planes and straight lines of a cutting tool (such as the cutting plane and the cutting edge) as corresponding image points and image lines on a projection plane. The developed methodology is used to intuitively and graphically analyze and determine the relationship between the orientation of the cutting edge and the cutting angles at each point on the cutting edge. A set of image points and image lines is established to calculate the cutting angles on the cutting edge of a twist drill, including the working tool rake angle, the working tool inclination angle, the working cutting edge angle, and the working normal rake angle. Three computer case studies are provided to show curved cutting edges that correspond, respectively, to a linear distribution of the working tool rake angle, a combined linear and uniform distribution of the working tool rake angle, and a linear distribution of the working tool inclination angle along the tool cutting edge. Finally, a set of metal drilling experiments is performed to compare the drilling torque and the thrust force between a conventional straight-edged twist drill and a new curve-edged twist drill that has a combined linear and uniform distribution of the working tool rake angle along the tool cutting edge. The experimental results show that the new curve-edged drill reduces the drilling torque by 28.5% and the thrust force by 24.6% on average.     

Conical flank twist drill points

Mathematical models of conical twist drill points usually require that the cutting edge of the drill be straight in three-dimensional space. This requirement restricts the clearance angle to undesirably small values near the chisel edge. By rotating the drill about its axis 5–10° before sharpening, the clearance angle near the chisel edge can be increased at the small penalty of having a slightly curved cutting edge.     

A study of high-performance plane rake faced twist drills.: Part I: Geometrical analysis and experimental investigation

A study of a modified drill point design with plane rake faces for drilling high-tensile steels is presented. A geometrical analysis has shown that the modified drill point design yields positive normal rake angle on the entire lips and point relieving in the vicinity of the chisel edge. This drill geometry can be expected to reduce the cutting forces and torque, and hence reduce the possible drill breakages when drilling high-tensile steels. An experimental study of drilling an ASSAB 4340 high-tensile steel with 7–13 mm titanium nitride (TiN) coated high-speed steel (HSS) drills has shown that the modified drills can reduce the thrust force by as much as 46.9%, as compared to the conventional twist drills under the corresponding cutting conditions, while the average reduction of torque is 13.2%. Drill-life tests have also been carried out and confirmed the superiority of the modified drills over the conventional twist drills. In some cases, the conventional drills were broken inside the workpiece, while the modified drills performed very well under the same cutting conditions. To mathematically predict the drilling performance and optimise the drilling process using the plane rake faced drills, predictive models for the cutting forces, torque and power will be developed in the second part of this investigation.     

New method for determination of the pose of the grinding wheel for thinning drill points

Traditionally, twist drills are reconditioned by thinning the web so the correct chisel edge length is restored. Recently, thinning has been included in the original design of drills so as to reduce torque and tool force. Because the International Standards Organization (ISO) has a system which can comprehensively model conventional twist drills but cannot model thinning specifications, this paper presents a system for precise mathematical modeling and CNC control of a 6-axis grinding workstation for drill thinning. The presented method determines the position and orientation of the grinding wheel based on the evaluated rake and clearance angles of ISO standards for 2-flute twist drills. The mathematical model and background are discussed. For verification and demonstration, two experimental drills are produced to the identical ISO standard except that one is thinned. The modeling herein is of value to industry and research if incorporated into computer software for drill design and manufacture. It is suitable for linear notch-type cutting with controlled variable rake angle along the secondary cutting edge for purposes of thinning, notching, dubbing and advanced drill research.     

Design characteristics of new types of drill and evaluation of their performance drilling cast iron—II. Drills with three major cutting edges

This paper describes the performance characteristics of a new type of carbide head twist drill with four flutes, four major cutting edges, and one chisel edge. This drill shows great potential for significantly improving drilling accuracy and productivity. The drill produces holes that are as good as reamed holes. The body and point geometries and the cutting characteristics of the four-flute drill are described, along with the accuracies of hole location, angularity, size and roundness. Cutting forces, drill wear and chip morphology during cast iron drilling are also discussed. The four-flute drill deflects and vibrates much less than two-flute drills, especially in interrupted cutting cases. A patent is pending for this drill.     

Geometry of drill elements

Deficiencies in the definitions of some of the angles in the ISO on Cutting Tool Geometry have been noted and new definitions are proposed. It is shown that some of the trigonometrical relationships interrelating the various angles derived for the acute tool cutting edge angle do not apply when the tool cutting edge angle is greater than 90°, as can occur with certain cutting tools. A consistent set of relationships is presented for the total range of the cutting edge angle.Relationships are presented for the various angles on the cutting lip and chisel edge of a twist drill and the effects of radius and feed on the various parameters are shown diagrammatically.     

Mechanistic modeling of bone-drilling process with experimental validation

In this paper, an improved mechanistic model is developed to predict the thrust force and torque for bone-drilling operation. The cutting action at the drill point is divided into three regions: the cutting lips, outer portion of the chisel edge (the secondary cutting edges), and inner portion of the chisel edge (the indentation zone). Models that account for the unique mechanics of the cutting process for each of the three regions are formulated. The models are calibrated to bovine cortical bone material using specific cutting pressure equations with modification to take advantage of the characteristics of the drill point geometry. The models are validated for the cutting lips, the chisel edge, and entire drill point for a wide range of spindle speed and feed rate. The predicted results agree well with experimental results. Only the predictions for the drilling torque on the chisel edge are lower than the experimental results under some drilling conditions. The model can assist in the selection of favorable drilling conditions and drill-bit geometries for bone-drilling operations.     

Mathematical model for helical drill point

Helical drill points provide a superior cutting performance in drilling operations, particularly in micro-hole drilling. This paper presents a comprehensive and straightforward method for the design of helical drill points. The proposed method has three particular features. Firstly, a mathematical model of the helicoid grinding surface is developed. This model allows the normal and tangential vectors of the abrasive wheel to be obtained explicitly. Secondly, the mathematical models of the flute and flank surfaces are integrated and therefore the cutting and chisel edges can be obtained by numerical calculation. Finally, the derivation of the model is straightforward and expresses the drill's characteristics (e.g. the semi-point angle, chisel edge, lip clearance angle, heel clearance, angle tool cutting edge inclination, normal rake angle and normal clearance angle) in accordance with all current international standards. The proposed model is capable of describing a wide range of helical drills. The methodology presented in this study facilitates the production of helical drills on a 6-axis CNC grinding machine.     

The effect of chisel length and associated pilot hole on delamination when drilling composite materials

Drilling-induced delamination often occurs both at the entrance and the exit of the workpiece during drilling of composite material. Investigators have studied analytically and experimentally that delamination in drilling can be correlated to the thrust force of the drill. With a pre-drilled pilot hole, the delamination can be reduced significantly. Early reference reported models of drilling-induced delamination, however, the effect of chisel edge length and pilot hole diameter on delamination is rarely discussed. The optimal range of chisel edge length with respect to drill diameter is derived in this paper.