工业建筑发展趋势若干问题的探讨

根据我国基本国情及当前国民经济社会发展水平、远景发展和国家有关政策，从多年来的工业建筑建设实践出发，并参考借鉴国外的有益经验，论述了当前及今后的工业建筑的发展趋势。从节约用地出发，考虑到生产工艺的发展与改造，宜向组合集中多层高层方向发展；应同环境相协调，在保持工业建筑特点的基础上，宜向民用建筑化方向发展；在职业安全与卫生方面，在贯彻国家有关规定的基础上，宜向高水平高标准方向发展；在工厂厂内管线敷设方式上，从节约用地及便于管理出发，宜向管廊化方向发展。     

荔枝公园北门出入口设计方案评析

对荔枝公园北门出入口改造工程设计方案进行了阐述,从设计风格、传统自然的选择、景观差异性、突出重点等方面科学深入地进行了方案评析,强调了坚持岭南园林风格的特点和长处,并与现有风格最大相融合的观点,注重景观的创新与别致实用,坚持重视自然景观,尽量减小人工改造对自然景观的影响和破坏,公园的出入口标识引导设置明显,并给出了调整后的方案设计图。     

苏沪合作、借力发力--苏州区域交通未来发展之路

苏州区域交通的未来发展之路在于完善高速公路体系．大力发展轨道交通；引入先进换乘方式设置对沪综合交通枢纽．大力发展点到点的运输减少中转换乘环节自上而下进行真正意义上的苏沪合作从而实现区域交通一体化。这些思路对于我国城市化地区具有启示意义和借鉴作用。     

控制贪食

现在学习建筑的学生需要掌握比以前更多的东西,如计算机和图像、可持续发展、媒体研究、都市规划、城市景观、批判性理论和批评、全球化等。建筑学的研究生教学所面临的挑战是需要平衡与建筑、城市和景观设计相关的极其繁杂的主题,同时将重点放在培养基本技能以及把握灵活多变的学科界限。建筑学潜在的多学科交叉需求以及研究性大学的其他学术机构,很自然地使得我们重视在文化、社会和政治环境中建筑、城市、景观和建造技术问的关系,密切关注世界范围内的设计中心和自已机构里的其他学科。另外,教师和管理者应该对新事物非常敏感,如研究方法、先进的信息技术、国际视野的实践、环境和可持续发展、新的建造技术和材料等。成功的研究生培养计划会不断地改进课程大纲,并意识到建筑师正面临着非同寻常的全新的建筑项目。     

Nuclear energy: a sustainable future?

Regulation of facilities, materials and waste under nuclear law is unique and it might be said that this has caused the development of nuclear technology to be favoured unfairly, but to enable and support future contributions of nuclear energy to a safe and sustainable environment the law relating to nuclear energy has to become integrated into the general area of environmental law. This paper discusses the development of nuclear laws, the public's acceptance of risk and uncertainty, and sustainable development laws. To give nuclear technology a fair hearing and to enable the public to judge its application against alternative processes the notion of sustainable development laws, which integrate development law, environmental law and health and safety law, should apply to all the alternatives including nuclear technology. Such a system of law would encompass the different phases of technology and would include licensing of facilities and products, the use and storage of materials, worker protection, safeguards and disposal of waste. The author takes a brief look at the scenario under each of these categories to identify opportunities to integrate the governing laws and to take advantage of common areas of expertise     

Modeling Sorption Transport In Rooms And Sorption Filtration Systems For Building Air Quality Analysis

Adsorption, desorption and chemisorption are known to impact the dispersal of volatile organic and chemically reactive compounds in buildings. These same three processes may be used to advantage to control the levels of these compounds indoors using building sorption filtration devices. To add to the understanding of these processes, to provide the means to predict the impact of these processes on human exposure and to provide the tools needed to design gaseous filtration systems to mitigate the exposure to these compounds, a general approach to modeling the dynamics of these processes is presented. Equations are presented to account for the elemental advection, diffusion, sorption, and chemical transport steps affecting single component sorption dynamics in rooms and sorption filtration systems. These element equations are based on general principles and formulated in terms of fundamental physical parameters that may be determined using standard procedures. Models to predict room and sorption filtration system dynamics are formulated using assemblages of these element equations and a series of simplified models of these systems are derived. Initial applications to model single-component sorption transport in rooms and sorption filtration systems indicate that the approach has the potential to provide accurate predictions providing the sorption and chemical characteristics of the sorbate-sorbent system being considered are well-characterized. This potential is, however, compromised by the lack (or present uncertainty) of fundamental data relating to sorption equilibrium, porous diffusion, surface chemistry, and boundary layer mass transport     

移民迁建,产业并行——岳阳市钱粮湖镇安全区产业规划

蓄滞洪区的安全建设对于湖区整体防洪工程和保障居民生命财产安全意义重大,在合理引导居民搬迁安置的同时,生产安置也同样至关重要,如何以人为本、因势利导地实现安全区的全面建设和可持续发展,在我国尚属于试点阶段。本文通过介绍钱粮湖镇安全区产业规划的具体编制过程,详细阐述了产业规划的意义及构成,探索了如何利用安全区建设的机遇和农村土地承包经营权流转的新政,因地制宜地调整优化产业结构,积极发展绿色生态产业,同时还建设性的提出了几种产业经营运作模式来全面实施产业规划,为全国的蓄滞洪区建设提供了有益的借鉴及经验。     

常低温下EGSB处理生活污水的影响因素研究

在15～26℃的常低温条件下,采用EGSB处理生活污水,考察了进水流量、回流比、液体上升流速(Vup)、温度等因素对运行效果的影响。结果表明,当温度为26℃左右时,对于9～11 L/h的低进水流量,宜采用高回流比(1.6～2.5),对COD的去除率最高可达90%;对于15～24L/h的高进水流量,宜采用低回流比(0～0.6),对COD的去除率最高可达84%;当进水流量提高至30 L/h时,不宜回流,对COD的去除率降至77%;当进水流量分别为9、11、15、24、30 L/h时,最佳Vup分别为4.0、(3.1～3.6)、(2.7～3.4)、3.0和3.8 m/h,此时对COD的去除率分别高达90%、(87%～89%)、(83%～84%)、83%和77%;在无回流的条件下,适宜的进水流量为15～24 L/h,相应的HRT为0.5～0.8 h。当温度为15～26℃时,EGSB适宜的运行条件是高进水流量(15～24L/h)、高Vup(3.0 m/h)和低回流比(0～0.6),此时对COD的去除率高达81.9%以上。     

Skopje Resurgent: the international confusions of post-earthquake planning, 1963–1967

In the period of the Cold War, architecture became a critical medium of knowledge transfer, facilitating the processes of modernization. The Cold War protagonists, the USSR and the USA, vied to gain the political allegiances of third world nations of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas. This was done through development and aid programmes that offered to lift nations out of poverty, and thereby also deliver them into political commitment to one side or the other. The destruction of Skopje, capital of Macedonia, in 1963, along with the subsequent efforts to replan and rebuild the city, brought with it a significant disruption to the Cold War dynamic. For one thing, Skopje happened to sit within Yugoslavia, a non-aligned country. For another, the winner of the competition to rebuild Skopje was a Japanese, Kenzo Tange. Moreover, the rallying efforts of the United Nations to bring people and resources from around the world to the aid of Skopje managed to transcend much of the partisanship characteristic of international politics. This paper explores the actors, networks, and mechanisms that came together from both sides of the Cold War divide to deliver one of the most defining trans-national urban projects of the 1960s.     

关于项目代建方工作职责的思考

根据代建制的内涵,在代建实践工作中的认识,分析了建设项目前期、设计、施工各阶段的主要工作职责,即设计方案及图纸优化,创造和谐的工作氛围,做好参建各方之间的协调工作,加强合同管理,监督各方切实履行各自职责,严格控制工程质量、投资、进度,竣工验收后移交使用方。     

露天矿山高陡岩质边坡生态修复技术的应用现状与发展趋势

矿产尤其是石材矿产的开发必然会对原矿区的环境造成破坏，容易形成矿山高陡岩边坡，即白茬山。白茬山由于坡度高、坡面长以及坡面温差大等原因，易形成恶劣的生存环境，很难实现有效的植被附着，长期复绿效果充满挑战。对此类生态环境中的常见复绿技术的研究现状进行了介绍，分析了不同技术的优缺点及使用机制。进一步根据白茬山的地质、地形和地表等特征，进行生态修复技术的优化与改进，展望修复技术的发展趋势，助力生态系统的恢复与发展。     

某高层建筑改造前的可靠性鉴定与评估

某高层建筑拟改造为酒店,为了解其现有结构的质量情况及改造的可行性、经济性,需要对其进行可靠性鉴定与适修性评估。本次采用回弹法、钻芯法、磁感探测法等对该建筑结构的裂缝、变形、砼强度、钢筋配置、氯离子含量等进行检测,并参考设计图纸,根据检测结果进行结构的承载力验算。按照民用建筑可靠性鉴定方法对现有建筑结构进行了安全性、正常使用性、可靠性评级与适修性评估,并对存在的不足提出处理意见,以期为今后类似建筑改造前的鉴定与评估提供一定的参考。     

深长基坑开挖引发邻近建筑群沉降规律研究

基坑开挖容易导致邻近建筑产生较大沉降,而目前关于基坑开挖引发邻近建筑群变形规律的研究较为匮乏,邻近建筑间的相互影响关系尚需研究。基于实际工程,采用数值模拟手段,分别建立实际情况、仅有建筑1、仅有建筑2的3个计算模型,探究了深长基坑开挖引发邻近建筑群沉降规律,得到以下结论:建筑距离基坑较近时,基坑开挖过程中容易发生较大沉降,后趋于稳定,层数较高且平行于基坑的建筑沉降较大,垂直于基坑的建筑沉降差异较大;基坑开挖后,建筑群沉降小于单个建筑沉降;垂直于基坑的建筑偏转角更大,距离基坑较近处更容易产生不均匀沉降;与单个建筑相比,建筑群中各建筑偏转角更大,尤其是垂直于基坑且中部附近存在其他建筑的情况,更容易发生不均匀沉降。     

从形态构成到建构教学实践的认知与体会

建筑设计基础教学的目的是为了启发入门者形成空间感知的能力,理解材料与构成的关系,熟悉基本表现工具及搭建技能。为此在教学过程中尝试从抽象的形态构成训练出发,培养解析重构的设计思维,初步建立从二维到三维的空间转换;通过设定场地和功能,以模型为空间操作手段,逐步引入行为与使用、空间形式及组合、材料及建构的设计概念,学习如何运用不同比例的三维模型来引导构思及参与设计搭建全过程,从中体验形态构成与空间结构的紧密联系,理解肌理感与材质的关系,深入完善细部节点与搭接方式,并以获奖学生实体建造作品为例,探索如何通过建造综合训练促进多元设计思维形成的基础课程教学实践,以弥补当下建筑教育中设计与建造分离的不足。     

与多元互补教学相辅相成的研究生多元化考核实践——以建筑节能技术课程为例

课程考核方式与教学质量密切相关,考核方式的选择可以影响学生的学习方式。文章提出研究生教与学目标及定位,探索多元互补教学模式的应用,辅以多元评价考核,促进多元互补“教”与“学”模式真正落地实施并检验其效果。以建筑节能技术课程为例,凸显教师教学方式和学生学习方式的变化,全面实施多元化考核,促进学生多元智能发展,关注思维习惯培养,提高自主学习和创新能力,旨在帮助研究生明确发展方向,建立长远目标,是工科研究生教育教学改革的有益实践。     

关于建筑史学学科发展的思考

作者认为 ,史学的学科性质不仅有滞后性的一面 ,还有超前性、前瞻性的一面。研究史学的目的在于创造新的历史 ,而不在于重复和延续旧的历史。为端正史学作风 ,作者提出“今为古用”问题 ,分析了目前建筑史学研究上的几方面问题 ,提出相应的建议。     

复合盐侵蚀衬砌喷射混凝土耐久性退化研究

我国西部地区土壤及地下水中含有高浓度、及Cl,与隧道衬砌喷射混凝土发生一系列物理化学反应,造成其结构耐久性能退化。为系统研究复合盐侵蚀喷射混凝土耐久性能退化规律及机理,分别以10%Na2SO4溶液和5%Na2SO45%MgSO43.5%NaCl混合溶液为侵蚀介质,采用干湿交替法,开展喷射混凝土耐久性试验。、及Cl与氢氧化钙和铝相反应生成水镁石、石膏和Friedel盐,延缓钙矾石形成。复合盐侵蚀喷射混凝土物理力学性能退化速度明显小于硫酸盐侵蚀。硫酸盐侵蚀喷射混凝土以表面水泥砂浆和骨料的剥落为主,复合盐侵蚀主要以表面龟裂最终断裂为主,且裂缝中充满白色结晶盐。分析侵蚀喷射混凝土矿物组成和微观结构,硫酸盐侵蚀喷射混凝土产物主要为钙矾石和石膏,而复合盐侵蚀喷射混凝土产物组成复杂,包括碳硫硅钙石、水镁石、石膏、钙矾石、水化硅酸镁和结晶盐。硫酸盐侵蚀喷射混凝土中含量高于复合盐侵蚀,而混凝土pH值低。     

探求大学校园新旧建筑及环境的和谐共鸣——以辽宁科技大学校园扩建及改造为例

当前大学校园改扩建工程中存在着新旧建筑及建筑与环境如何协调的问题,本文以辽宁科技大学新校区的扩建及旧建筑的改造为例,通过理论研究和实例剖析,总结归纳了处理大学校园新旧建筑关系及建筑与环境相互协调的5种手法:确立中心、协调、对比、存留及整合景观与环境。本文结论进一步丰富和提高处理新旧建筑与校园环境协调方面的经验和手法,可为广大关注大学校园建设问题的相关人员提供借鉴和参考。     

Schema d'approvisionnement en granulats du departement des Bouches du Rhone,France

Initiated by the Regional Direction of Industry and Research, the Boûches du Rhône Departmental Quarries Scheme intended to provide the elements of a mean and long term aggregates production policy. It gave the opportunity first to analyze the present aggregate production and consumption structure of the department, and to make up realistic estimates of the future demand development. The resources have been inventoried and a map of the deposits drawn up, according to their geotechnical fitness for making aggregates. The potential reserves seem to be very important, in calcareous sites as well as in alluvial deposits. The analysis and the mapping of the whole environment requirements induced to classify the deposits according to their geological interest and to the relative importance of these requirements. A simple superposition of the requirements would prohibit the surface working of the deposits, but an objective and balanced investigation made obvious that it was possible to open enough quarries to satisfy the long term supply. About half of the department beeing exposed to a mean term production deficit risk, it has been proposed to delay the most prejudicial surface workings in quarries, to change the way of exploitation and to look for substitution calcareous deposits. It induced, in particular, indispensable and gradual amendments to some rural-planning documents. A general agreement on these proposals has been obtained by a large debating process.     

Building Information Modeling (BIM) for transportation infrastructure – Literature review,applications, challenges,and recommendations

Transportation infrastructure is a critical component to a nation’s economy, security, and wellbeing. In order to keep up with the rising population, there is a great need for more efficient and cost-effective technologies and techniques to not only repair the infrastructure, but also to advance and expand the transportation infrastructure to sustain the growing population. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been widely adopted in the building industry, and its established methods and technologies show enormous potential in benefiting the transportation industry. The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review and critical analysis of BIM for transportation infrastructure. A total of 189 publications in the area of BIM for transportation infrastructure were reviewed, including journal articles, conference proceedings, and published reports. Additionally, schemas and file formats from 9 main categories and 34 areas related to transportation infrastructure were reviewed. An application was developed to collect, store, and analyze the publications. Various algorithms were developed and implemented to help in the automation and analysis of the review. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date literature review and critical analysis of research areas regarding BIM for transportation infrastructure to further facilitate research and applications in this domain. Based on the results of the analysis, current topics and trends, applications and uses, emerging technologies, benefits, challenges and limitations, research gaps, and future needs are discussed. Significantly, the contribution of this paper is providing the foundation of current research, gaps, and emerging technologies needed to facilitate further research and applications for both academia and industry stakeholders to develop more efficient and cost-effective techniques necessary to repair, advance, and expand the transportation infrastructure. Furthermore, the results show that the use of BIM for transportation infrastructure has been increasing, although the research has mainly been focusing on roads, highways, and bridges. The results also reveal a major need for a standard neutral exchange format and schema to promote interoperability. Most importantly, the continuing collaboration between academia and industry is required to mitigate most challenges and to realize the full potential of BIM for transportation infrastructure.