生物质基聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)应用研究进展

由于石油资源的日益枯竭,通过生物资源发酵得到琥珀酸来生产聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS),以替代现在石油基产品为原料的PBS,是PBS产业发展的新方向,丁二酸发酵的商业化促进了生物质基PBS的发展和应用,通过对PBS进行各种改性以及加工成型,制得各类制品,使PBS产品能够应用于不同领域,生物质基PBS作为一种绿色塑料具有广阔的发展前景。     

功能性生物质基碳素新材料

较为系统地综述了以生物质为原料制备功能性生物质基碳素新材料的方法及其应用的研究进展.着重介绍了干法碳化和湿法碳化制备生物质基碳材料,并阐述了生物质基碳材料在吸附、陶瓷化、电磁屏蔽和吸波、电化学储能(锂离子电池和电化学电容器)及光催化等领域的应用.提出了生物质基碳素新材料今后的研究方向,展望了其发展前景.     

PBS降解塑料降解性能的研究

以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)为原料,通过生物降解、热氧化降解和光降解研究了PBS的降解性能。利用乌式黏度计测定了PBS塑料在降解过程中分子量的变化;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪表征了PBS在降解过程中的红外光谱特性。实验结果表明:PBS薄膜生物降解15d后没有明显变化。PBS塑料在200℃下,热氧化降解36h,分子量减少了约77.6%。PBS塑料在光氧化降解5d后,分子量减少了约98%。与生物降解、热氧化降解相比,PBS塑料在光降解下的降解程度更为明显。     

鑫富药业PBS生物降解塑料试产

近日，杭州鑫富药业股份有限公司年产3000吨的全生物降解新材料PBS集成工艺及成套生产线项目完成生产设备安装调试工作，进入试生产阶段。PBS推广应用将进一步丰富生物降角塑料的应用，增加下游生产厂家的选择，促进整个生物降解塑料行业的发展。除国内的鑫富药业外，目前世界上还有日本三菱化学和高分子公司开始了PBS工业化生产，规模在1万吨左右。     

生物质碳基催化材料的研究进展

生物质是产量丰富、种类繁多、价格低廉、环境友好的优良碳源,以生物质为原料制备碳催化材料无疑是变废为宝,可从根本上解决环境污染和资源浪费等问题。介绍了生物质的种类、组分及结构对生物质碳基催化材料性能的影响,对制备生物质碳基催化材料的两种常见方法热解法和水热碳化法进行了对比,探讨了进一步增强催化剂活性的3种方式：杂原子掺杂、金属离子修饰和官能化,分析总结了生物质碳催化材料面临的挑战。     

生物质纤维基包装复合材料的研究现状

目的综述纤维基复合材料在包装中的应用和研究现状。方法介绍国内外生物质纤维基复合材料在发泡型材料、薄膜、板材等不同种类包装材料中的应用现状,分别总结各类包装材料使用的基材及制备工艺,比较不同纤维基复合材料的性能差异,指出复合材料在制备工艺及性能上的不足,并展望纤维基包装复合材料的发展前景。结果纤维素具有天然的化学结构,使纤维基材料具有良好的力学性能、阻隔性、可降解性,较好地应用在不同包装材料中。结论纤维基复合材料具有性能优良、可生物降解、经济环保等特点,在包装领域具有较大发展潜力,在原料的选择、制备工艺绿色化及性能的可控性等方面还有较大的研究空间。     

生物质基SiC陶瓷制备的研究进展

传统工艺制备的碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷性能优异,应用前景广阔,但高温制备造成的成本增加限制了其进一步发展。相比之下,生物质因其自身丰富的孔隙结构成为低温制备SiC陶瓷的理想替代品。本文综述了生物质基SiC陶瓷的结构特性、制备方法、热解机理和影响因素,并探讨碳源和硅源预处理、热解工艺以及应用研究等在制备生物质基SiC陶瓷中存在的问题和发展趋势。     

Dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) matrix

This communication describes the preparation, characterization and properties of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite. Nanocomposite was prepared by melt-blending in a batch mixer and the amount of MWCNTs loading was 3 wt%. State of dispersion-distribution of the MWCNTs in the PBS matrix was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations that revealed homogeneous distribution of stacked MWCNTs in PBS matrix. The investigation of the thermomechanical behavior was performed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Results demonstrated substantial enhancement in the mechanical properties of PBS, for example, at room temperature, storage flexural modulus increased from 0.64 GPa for pure PBS to 1.2 GPa for the nanocomposite, an increase of about 88% in the value of the elastic modulus. The tensile modulus and thermal stability of PBS were moderately improved after nanocomposite preparation with 3 wt% of MWCNTs, while electrical conductivity of neat PBS dramatically increased after nanocomposite formation. For example, the in plane conductivity increased from 5.8 x 10(-9) S/cm for neat PBS to 4.4 x 10(-3) for nanocomposite, an increase of 10(6) fold in value of the electrical conductivity.     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/水滑石纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/水滑石(PBS/HT)纳米复合材料,并详细研究了复合材料的形貌及分散、结晶和熔融行为,晶体结构和球晶形态以及力学性能。采用SEM、TEM、DSC、XRD、POM和DMA进行了表征测试,结果表明层状水滑石纳米粒子较好地分散在PBS基体中,加入HT具有明显的异相成核能力,显著地提高了PBS的结晶温度。偏光显微镜结果显示,随着HT加入量的增加PBS球晶密度增加,球晶尺寸细化。HT添加量为1%(质量分数)时复合材料的拉伸强度增大,随着HT加入量增加断裂伸长率下降而弹性模量增加。动态机械测试表明复合材料的储能模量显著提高。     

Thermal and rheological properties of biodegradable poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] nanocomposites

The thermal and rheological properties of clay-containing poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] (PBSA) nanocomposites are reported. The nanocomposites of PBSA with various weight percentages of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) loadings have been prepared by melt-mixing in a batch-mixer. The melting and crystallization behaviours of PBSA and its nanocomposites have been studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The melt-state rheological properties of pure PBSA and its nanocomposites containing different amounts of OMMT have been studied in detail. The reason for this is that the rheological responses of any nanofilled polymeric materials are strongly related by their dispersed structure and the interfacial characteristic. Results show that the structural strength of all samples remains constant in the examined time interval at an experimental temperature. The dominant viscous behaviour of pure PBSA is getting suppressed up to a certain OMMT loading (4 wt%). Nanocomposite containing 5 wt% OMMT is showing almost "at the gel point" behaviour, suggesting that the material is behaving near the borderline between liquid and solid; while nanocomposite containing 6 wt% OMMT is showing the gel character. The dispersed structure of the clay particles in the PBSA matrix was studied by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Results show that the stacked and intercalated silicate layers are nicely dispersed in the case of all nanocomposites. However, with a systematic increase in OMMT loading, the dispersed clay structure of the nanocomposites changes from a highly delaminated to a flocculated and then to a stacked-intercalated structure. In the case of all nanocomposites, melt-state rheological properties are in good agreement with the STEM observations.     

纳米氧化石墨烯/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯复合材料的制备与性能

以天然石墨为原料,利用改进的HUMMERS'法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO);采用原位复合方式制备了纳米氧化石墨烯/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(GO/PBS)复合材料,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明:适量GO的加入能更有效地加快GO/PBS复合材料的结晶速度;GO的加入,提高了GO/PBS复合材料的力学性能和酶降解速率;随着GO添加量的增加,复合材料晶体尺寸减小,GO起到了成核剂的作用。     

PBS-g-MAH及MAH对PBS/淀粉合金力学性能的影响

通过在聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/淀粉合金中加入PBS-g-MAH,改善合金材料的力学性能;同时通过"一步法"挤出改善材料的力学性能.研究了PBS-g-MAH和MAH的加入量对材料力学性能的变影响;通过SEM及DSC观察了合金中两相相容性的改善情况和材料熔融热行为的变化.结果表明,两种改性方法改善了合金材料的力学性能.当体系中含有5%接枝物时,合金的拉伸强度相对于不加助剂提高68%,冲击强度提高70%;当MAH加入量为PBS的1%时,其拉伸强度提高约94%,冲击强度提高143%;体系的相容性也得提高,合金的熔点也发生了不同程度的变化.     

生物可降解塑料PBS与天然可降解高分子材料共混改性研究进展

介绍了当前可生物降解塑料PBS与各种天然可降解高分子材料共混改性的方法和加工工艺,以及改性后材料的力学性能、热学性能以及降解性能的变化。     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel multiblock copolyester containing poly(ethylene succinate) and poly(butylene succinate)

Multiblock copolyester (PBS-b-PES) containing poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) was successfully synthesized by chain-extension of dihydroxyl terminated PBS (HO-PBS-OH) and PES (HO-PES-OH) using 1,6-hexmethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a chain extender. The chemical structures, molecular weights, crystallization behaviors, thermal and mechanical properties of the copolyesters were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), tensile testing and hydrolytic degradation. High-molecular-weight copolyesters with M_w more than 2.0 × 10⁵ g mol⁻¹ were easily obtained through chain-extension. The copolyesters showed a single glass transition temperature (T_g) which increased with PES content. The melting point temperature (T_m) and relative degree of crystallinity (X_c) of the copolyesters decreased first and then increased with PES content. The copolyesters manifested excellent mechanical properties, for example, PBS₅-b-PES₅ had fracture stress of 61.8 MPa and fracture strain of 1173%. The chain-extension reaction provided a very effective way to produce high molecular weight multiblock copolyesters.     

高分子量聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的制备及性能研究

以1,4-丁二醇和丁二酸为原料,通过加入少量的扩链剂,利用直接缩聚法在短时间内合成了高分子量的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS).采用GPC、DSC以及TGA等方法对产物进行了表征,同时研究了扩链剂的加入对聚合物性能的影响.结果表明,当扩链剂加入量为PBS预聚物的2.5％时,扩链产物的性能最佳,重均分子量由3万上升到17万,拉...     

Thermal and thermomechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites

This article describes the thermal and thermomechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its nanocomposites. PBS nanocomposites with three different weight ratios of organically modified synthetic fluorine mica (OMSFM) have been prepared by melt-mixing in a batch mixer at 140 degrees C. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations that reveal the homogeneous dispersion of the intercalated silicate layers into the PBS matrix. The thermal properties of pure PBS and the nanocomposite samples were studied by both conventional and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses, which show multiple melting behavior of the PBS matrix. The investigation of the thermomechanical properties was performed by dynamic mechanical analysis. Results reveal significant improvement in the storage modulus of neat PBS upon addition of OMSFM. The tensile modulus of neat PBS is also increased substantially with the addition of OMSFM, however, the strength at yield and elongation at break of neat PBS systematically decreases with the loading of OMSFM. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites compared to that of the pure polymer sample was examined under both pyrolytic and thermo-oxidative environments. It is shown that the thermal stability of PBS is increased moderately in the presence of 3 wt% of OMSFM, but there is no significant effect on further silicate loading in the oxidative environment. In the nitrogen environment, however, the thermal stability systematically decreases with increasing clay loading.