钢渣沥青混凝土的疲劳性能及应变分析

本文采用等体积代换法设计钢渣沥青混凝土配合比,应用间接拉伸疲劳试验对比了钢渣沥青混凝土与普通沥青混凝土的疲劳性能,通过数字图像相关(DIC)方法研究了两种沥青混凝土在疲劳过程中的应变变形积累。试验结果表明,采用钢渣代替天然集料后,显著提高了沥青混凝土的抗变形能力和抗疲劳性能,以细钢渣代替天然细集料的性能提升效果最为显著。     

微波加热集料的传热特性及其影响因素

集料是微波加热沥青混合料自愈合的重要介质材料。本工作通过矢量网络分析试验、工业箱式微波炉微波加热试验及XRD、XRF分析，研究了石灰岩、玄武岩和钢渣三种集料的电磁参数、微波加热过程的加热响应以及集料粒径、钢渣掺量、化学成分和物相组成对集料传热性能的影响，并分析了集料与沥青混合料微波加热传热性能的关联性。结果表明，钢渣的电磁参数明显高于石灰岩和玄武岩，表明其电磁波吸收效果较好。相比石灰岩和玄武岩，钢渣因三氧化二铁含量较高，其微波加热传热性能更好。粒径、钢渣掺量和水分是影响集料微波加热传热性能的主要因素。随着粒径和钢渣掺量的增大，集料的传热性能呈增大趋势。相比干燥集料，含水率为0.3%～1.0%的集料微波加热升温速率均有所下降，降低幅度介于40%～50%。构建了不同含水率、钢渣掺量的集料微波加热表面温度与加热时间的线性关系方程，相关性系数R²均大于0.90,拟合效果良好。XRD和XRF分析表明，相比石灰岩和玄武岩，钢渣的活性金属化合物含量最高，微波加热的敏感性较好。微波加热试验表明，微波吸收能力由大到小依次为钢渣、钢渣沥青混合料、普通沥青混合料。钢渣微波加热传热性能优...     

废旧玻璃在沥青混合料中的应用研究进展

近年我国公路建设迅速发展,2016年高速公路总里程达到13.10万公里,其中沥青路面占95%以上。沥青路面的建设使沥青和石料等自然资源大量消耗,给环境资源带来较大负担。为缓解道路建设对天然石料的消耗,国内外学者开展了固体废弃物在沥青混凝土中的回收再利用研究。与此同时,鉴于废旧玻璃的不断增多和处理方法的缺陷,寻求废旧玻璃的有效处理途径已是当务之急。利用废旧玻璃这种常见生活及工业废弃物替代部分天然石料进行沥青混凝土的制备则是有效的解决方法之一。已有研究表明,废旧玻璃破碎后具有耐磨、抗滑、反光、渗水性强等特性,替代部分集料制备废旧玻璃沥青混凝土作为面层,可一定程度改善路面耐磨、抗滑、透水等路用性能。当前,废旧玻璃在沥青混凝土中的应用面临一系列问题。废旧玻璃材料质脆,主要成分SiO2为亲水性材料,掺入后沥青混凝土的强度及耐久性受到一定程度的影响。废旧玻璃来源丰富,多为生活垃圾,其回收、筛选、破碎等处理过程复杂,在我国回收利用率较低,且道路工程中对原材料杂质含量要求较高,这就抬高了废旧玻璃回收利用的技术要求及成本。基于以上问题,研究者对废旧玻璃的工程特性和材料组成以及废旧玻璃沥青混凝土的路用性能和力学特性开展了进一步研究。研究结果表明,玻璃颗粒尺寸、掺量保持在一定范围内,在一定掺入方式下,沥青混凝土强度及路用特性均满足规范要求。加入抗剥落剂或使用改性沥青,废旧玻璃沥青混凝土的水稳定性明显提升。混合料疲劳寿命不易受废旧玻璃集料影响,在一定掺量及颗粒尺寸下,抗疲劳特性较好;蠕变特性与普通沥青混合料相似,在一定应力与温度范围内,蠕变变形小于普通沥青混合料,且可用常见流变模型来描述其永久变形特性。本文归纳总结了废旧玻璃材料作为沥青混合料集料的物理力学性能,废旧玻璃沥青混合料的材料组成设计方法,废旧玻璃对沥青混合料的路用性能和表面特性的影响规律,并展望了该领域未来的发展趋势。     

钢渣集料-沥青界面的水稳定性

为研究水长期作用对钢渣集料-沥青界面行为特性影响及相关机理,采用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜以及浸水马歇尔试验、车辙试验等从宏、微观角度进行分析。研究结果表明：水长期侵蚀改变了钢渣表面化学特性,使得钢渣表面粗糙度、表面积及黏附力增大;相比石灰岩沥青混合料,钢渣沥青混合料的残留稳定度和动稳定度具有可成长性,但热闷钢渣和冷弃陈渣膨胀性不同,冷弃陈渣沥青混合料膨胀量大于热闷钢渣沥青混合料,在应用过程中应注意区别对待;冷弃陈渣集料中f-CaO消解速度慢,造成试件后期体积膨胀过大,加剧了试件表面微裂缝产生,致使冷弃陈渣沥青混合料冻融劈裂强度后期较差。     

钢渣掺量对橡胶沥青混合料ARAC-13性能的影响

为提高钢铁废渣的综合利用率和经济效益、优化环境,采用体积替代法进行钢渣沥青混合料组成设计,通过设计膨胀破坏试验新方法分析钢渣沥青混合料的体积稳定性,基于车辙试验、冻融劈裂试验和低温小梁弯曲试验等,开展不同钢渣掺量下的ARAC-13沥青混合料路用性能研究,并依托广西滨海公路项目对钢渣沥青混合料路面进行经济效益评估。结果表明,ARAC-13沥青混合料的毛体积相对密度和最佳油石比均与钢渣掺量呈正相关性,钢渣掺量的增加会降低混合料的体积稳定性,增大体积膨胀风险。当钢渣100%等体积替代粗集料时,ARAC-13沥青混合料的动稳定度、残留稳定度、冻融劈裂强度比、最大弯拉应变(-10℃)、摆值和构造深度均有不同程度的提高,可显著提升ARAC-13沥青混合料的路用性能,且可节约7.0%左右的材料成本,具有较大的应用前景和经济价值。     

基于关联性的玄武岩纤维沥青胶浆及其混合料性能研究

为全面提升玄武岩纤维沥青混合料性能,研究了纤维类型及玄武岩纤维长度、掺量等因素对沥青胶浆抗裂性能、抗剪性能及流变特性的影响规律;基于纤维胶浆与纤维沥青混合料性能的关联性分析,揭示了玄武岩纤维对沥青混合料性能的细观增强机制。结果表明:玄武岩纤维对沥青胶浆的抗裂性能及流变特性影响显著,其极限拉力和车辙因子分别达到原沥青胶浆的4.5倍及1.08倍;纤维沥青胶浆高温流变特性与其沥青混合料高温稳定性变化规律存在差异,而前者抗裂性能与后者低温抗裂性能关联性较强;玄武岩纤维与沥青胶结料、集料之间形成三维网状结构,有利于抑制裂缝扩展。     

道路建筑材料的生态设计与实践

道路建筑材料的生态设计是将材料的环境负荷、使用性能和经济成本综合考虑到材料设计过程之中,以生命周期评价(LCA,Life Cycle Assessment)思想为指导,使用生态化改造设计开发与环境相协调的材料。本研究以天然石料沥青混凝土道路面层为参考基准,通过确定产品设计目标,需求分析,实施设计以及评价等步骤进行钢渣沥青混凝土道路面层的生态设计。结果表明:钢渣沥青混凝土的全生命周期环境负荷比天然石料沥青混凝土约低14.17%,使用性能比其高出31.87%,建设1 km道路所需经济成本比其低8.37%,且生态设计综合评价结果也优于天然石料沥青混凝土。因此,钢渣沥青混凝土在环境负荷、使用性能、经济成本和综合表现上均要优于天然石料沥青混凝土,即钢渣沥青混凝土路面比天然石料沥青混凝土路面更符合生态设计要求,为道路建筑材料的绿色设计和选材提供了依据。     

粗集料压碎值对水工碾压式沥青混凝土抗渗性能的影响研究

抗渗性能是碾压式沥青混凝土面板和心墙沥青混凝土首要的技术性能,本文着重研究了粗集料压碎后对混凝土抗渗性能的影响。首先,选择了3种压碎值不同的石灰岩粗集料,并在规范建议的级配范围内确定了沥青混凝土的级配和沥青用量：其次,采用与现场混凝土碾压成型较接近的振动碾压工艺成型长方体板状沥青混凝土试件;然后,取芯切割成圆柱体试件,进行渗透试验。结果表明,粗集料压碎值与沥青混凝土渗透系数之间里指数关系,渗透系数随着压碎值增大而迅速增大：要满足碾压式沥青混凝土心墙沥青混凝土渗透系数的要求,粗集料压碎值就必须小于25％。研究成果为规范的修订提供了有益的参考。     

矿物掺合料对结构轻集料混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响

混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能直接关系到混凝土结构的耐久性.轻集料是多孔材料,其孔隙易成为氯离子渗透通道,因而良好的水泥石-集料界面结构是保证结构轻集料混凝土(SLC)具有高抗Cl渗透能力的关键.采用ASTMC1202-97方法,研究了粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰等矿物掺合料对SLC氯离子渗透性能的影响;应用SEM扫描电镜对SLC水泥石-集料界面过渡区形貌以及粉煤灰对界面过渡区的改善作用进行了研究分析.     

粗集料压碎后沥青混合料性能的评价

沥青路面施工过程中,粗集料压碎后沥青混合料的性能发生了重大改变,严重影响了沥青混合料性能和使用品质。提出了粗集料压碎后沥青混合料性能的测试方法;通过试验测试了粗集料被压碎前、后沥青混合料高温抗变形性能和水稳定性的差异性。研究结论为沥青路面施工质量的控制提供了有力的依据。     

Experimental investigation of basic oxygen furnace slag used as aggregate in asphalt mixture

Chinese researchers have commenced a great deal of researches on the development of application fields of basic oxygen steel making furnace slag (BOF slag) for many years. Lots of new applications and properties have been found, but few of them in asphalt mixture of road construction engineering. This paper discussed the feasibility of BOF steel slag used as aggregate in asphalt pavement by two points of view including BOF steel slag's physical and micro-properties as well as steel slag asphalt materials and pavement performances. For the former part, this paper mainly concerned the mechanochemistry and physical changes of the steel slag and studied it by performing XRD, SEM, TG and mercury porosimeter analysis and testing method. In the second part, this paper intended to use BOF steel slag as raw material, and design steel slag SMA mixture. By using traditional rutting test, soak wheel track and modified Lottman test, the high temperature stability and water resistance ability were tested. Single axes compression test and indirect tensile test were performed to evaluate the low temperature crack resistance performance and fatigue characteristic. Simultaneously, by observing steel slag SMA pavement which was paved successfully. A follow-up study to evaluate the performance of the experimental pavement confirmed that the experimental pavement was comparable with conventional asphalt pavement, even superior to the later in some aspects. All of above test results and analysis had only one main purpose that this paper validated the opinion that using BOF slag in asphalt concrete is feasible. So this paper suggested that treated and tested steel slag should be used in a more extensive range, especially in asphalt mixture paving projects in such an abundant steel slag resource region.     

Experimental assessment of flue gas desulfurization residues and basic oxygen furnace slag on fatigue and moisture resistance of HMA

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residues both are industrial wastes. Research on using BOF slag as a novel aggregate and FGD residues as a filler in road construction has benefits both in environment and economics. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of FGD residues and BOF slag on the fatigue performance and moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fatigue performance of asphalt mixture was conducted by means of indirect tensile fatigue test. Stress loading control mode, with four stress levels (300, 400, 500 and 600 kPa), was used in this research. Statistic t‐test was adopted, and it had approved the positive effect of BOF slag and FGD residues on the fatigue lives of asphalt mixture. Moisture resistance of asphalt mixture was investigated by retained Marshall stability test and tensile strength ratio test. Research results indicate that BOF slag and FGD residues can improve the fatigue and moisture resistance, when the BOF slag and FGD residues based asphalt mixture was designed properly.     

Investigation into three-layered HMA mixtures

Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures consist of three phases: aggregate, asphalt binder (mastic) and air voids, of which the first two (aggregate and asphalt binder) provide the structure that withstands various kinds of loading.

Due to the nature of high inhomogeneity between aggregate and asphalt binder, significant stress and strain concentration occurs at the interface between the two phases, which causes adverse effect to HMA mixtures and potentially contributes to pavement distresses/failure.

This paper presents a novel idea to mitigate the stress and strain concentration by introducing an intermediate layer between aggregate and asphalt binder in HMA mixture. Microstructural analyses of layered system indicated that the three-layered composite HMA mixture would greatly improve the performance of asphalt mixture. The composite mixture showed more than 10% reduction in internal stress and strain and consequently its performance could be potentially improved. To validate the theoretical analyses, a laboratory experiment was conducted to compare the performance of a conventional mixture to that of a conceptual three-layered composite HMA mixture, which was formed by incorporating a stiff natural asphalt (gilsonite) as the intermediate layer. The results of the limited laboratory experiment confirmed the findings from the theoretical analyses.     

Performance comparative analysis of stone mastic asphalts with electric arc furnace steel slag: a laboratory evaluation

The paper presents the results of a laboratory study, aimed at verifying the possibility to use two particular typologies of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slags, in substitution of the natural aggregates, in the composition of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) for flexible pavements. The research has been articulated in a preliminary study of the chemical, leaching, physical, and mechanical properties of the EAF steel slag, and in the following mix design and performance characterization of the bituminous concretes, through gyratory compaction tests, permanent deformations tests, stiffness modulus tests at various temperatures, fatigue tests and indirect tensile strength tests. All the mixtures with EAF slag have satisfied the requisites for acceptance in the road sector technical standards, thus resulting as suitable for use in the construction of road infrastructures, moreover presenting higher mechanical characteristics than those of the corresponding asphalts with full natural aggregate.     

钢渣粗骨料混凝土单轴受压应力-应变关系试验研究

为探究钢渣粗骨料混凝土稳定性及其应力-应变关系全曲线,该文对包头某钢铁公司的钢渣粗骨料进行了浸水膨胀率试验及压蒸粉化率试验并测其f-CaO含量;完成了6组不同钢渣替代率下的立方体抗压试验及棱柱体单轴受压试验,分析其破坏形态及受力变形特征,建立钢渣粗骨料混凝土本构关系模型。研究表明:该文所选钢渣的f-CaO含量、浸水膨胀率、压蒸粉化率均符合现行规范规定,稳定性良好;钢渣粗骨料混凝土单轴抗压强度随钢渣掺量的增加而提高,并高于普通混凝土抗压强度,破坏呈现的脆性特征也更为显著;钢渣粗骨料混凝土棱柱体抗压强度与立方体抗压强度的比值相较于普通混凝土更高。根据过镇海本构模型及Wee模型,并引入钢渣粗骨料含量的修正系数,对钢渣粗骨料混凝土应力-应变关系采用分段式表达。该文提出应力-应变模型与试验结果拟合程度较好,可以更加全面的描述钢渣粗骨料混凝土的单轴受压力学行为。     

圆钢管自应力钢渣增强混凝土柱的受力机制及承载力计算

为研究圆钢管自应力钢渣增强混凝土(钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管)柱的受力机制，设计了8根钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管柱进行轴心受压加载试验，其中短柱试件6个，中长柱试件2个。试验考虑钢渣/混凝土膨胀率、径厚比和长径比共3个变化参数。观察试件的受力破坏全过程，获取应力-应变曲线、峰值应力等重要参数，分析各变化参数对钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管轴压柱受力性能的影响。结果表明:钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管轴压短柱的破坏形态表现为中部鼓曲状剪压破坏，而钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管轴压中长柱则呈弯曲屈曲破坏；各试件受力破坏全过程曲线均经历峰值点、下降段、缓慢上升段等历程，与普通钢渣/混凝土相比，各试件的峰值应变和峰值应力明显提高，且钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管轴压短柱试件较钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管轴压中长柱试件提高更为显著。根据极限平衡条件和全过程分析，提出钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管柱承载力计算公式。在试验研究基础上，建立钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管柱的应力-应变关系模型，理论计算结果与试验实测数据吻合较好。研究成果可为钢渣/混凝土@圆钢管柱的进一步研究和工程应用提供参考。      

Evaluation of deformation properties of asphalt mixture using aggregate slip test

Asphalt mixture is a multiphase particulate material composed of aggregate, asphalt and filler. The deformation property of asphalt mixture is an external reflection of aggregate slip behaviour. To evaluate the high-temperature deformation properties of asphalt mixture, an aggregate slip device was developed and aggregate slip tests were conducted on five asphalt mixtures for different gradations under different test conditions. Four evaluation parameters, the slip failure load (F_s), the slip failure deformation (D_s), slip modulus parameter (M) and slip energy index (SEI), were obtained according to the load–displacement curves. The relationship between these parameters and rut depth (RD) was analysed. The effects of test temperature and asphalt content on slip resistance of asphalt mixture are studied in this research. The results indicate that the parameter F_s has limitations for large nominal maximum particle-size mixture, and SEI is an effective parameter to evaluate the aggregate slip properties for different nominal maximum particle-size asphalt mixtures. SEI has the strongest relationship to RD, which is the best parameter to evaluate the slip deformation behaviour of asphalt mixture. With the increase in asphalt content, SEI has a peak value and a valley value. When the optimum asphalt content is used in asphalt mixture, aggregate skeleton effect and asphalt cohesive force can both reach a high level, and asphalt mixture has the best deformation resistance.     

Durability studies on steelmaking slag concretes

Electric-arc furnace slag is proposed as a substitute for the conventional aggregate used in classical structural concrete. In the present research is studied the durability of these slag aggregate concretes and their resistance to both physical (freeze–thaw, high temperature and relative humidity) and chemical degradation (sulfate attack, alkali–aggregate reaction and marine environment), as well as their resistance to the corrosion of steel reinforcement bars (an assessment of the risks of corrosion) embedded in the concrete matrix. This approach requires laboratory studies. The main objective of this work focuses on evaluating the durability of slag concrete under the conditions specified in the Spanish structural concrete code. In general terms, the behavior of the concrete with slag aggregate was similar to or better than the reference concrete (natural aggregate), except in case of exposure to marine environments and seawater, which resulted in quicker chloride penetration. The study confirms the viability of producing steel-reinforced concrete with slag aggregate.     

钢渣细度和掺量对钢渣复合水泥力学性能的影响

为找出在钢渣复合水泥中钢渣的最佳细度和最佳掺量,从钢渣的粉磨时间、掺量、不同助磨剂的作用和水泥配比等方面研究钢渣细度及掺量对复合水泥力学性能的影响,分析各个影响因素的作用。结果表明,随着磨细钢渣粒度的减小,钢渣复合水泥的抗折、抗压强度会有不同程度的提高;磨细钢渣的掺量为10%和20%时,钢渣复合水泥的力学性能较好,抗折、抗压强度甚至超过纯水泥;当掺量为30%和40%时,复合水泥力学强度下降幅度较大,3 d抗折强度不符合国家标准规定。     

天然岩沥青改性沥青试验及混合料性能研究

利用常规指标对不同掺量的岩沥青改性沥青进行评价;利用车辙试验、冻融劈裂试验对岩沥青改性沥青混合料进行评价。试验结果表明：天然岩沥青可以显著提高沥青的凝胶化程度,提高软化点和粘度;并显著改善沥青混合料的高温稳定性和水稳定性。