亚稳β钛合金的设计方法及室温变形机制的研究进展

本文介绍了当前亚稳β钛合金中的一些设计方法,包括合金元素法、[Mo]当量、d电子合金设计和e/a电子浓度等,概述了当前亚稳β钛合金中变形机制的一些研究进展,如滑移、机械孪晶和应力诱发相变,并对其变形机制之间的相互联系以及变形机制和合金力学性能之间的关系进行总结,最后讨论了不同因素对变形机制的影响,包括β相稳定性、变形过程、晶粒取向与尺寸以及第二相等.     

外科植入物用新型医用钛合金材料设计、开发与应用现状及进展

介绍了生物医用钛合金材料的定义、分类与基本特性,综述了国内外生物医用钛合金材料的发展历程,针对改善和提高医用钛合金材料的生物相容性和力学相容性问题,重点分析和讨论了医用钛合金在合金设计、显微组织和相变控制以及表面状态优化等方面存在的不足和未来研究方向,最后介绍了新型介稳定β型钛合金在设计、开发与应用方面的最新进展。     

钛合金的定量研究进展

钛合金因其优异的综合性能受到国内外研究者和使用者的青睐,其基础和应用技术研究的核心是针对"合金成分-工艺-组织-性能"之间关系的研究。以往钛合金的成分设计、工艺-组织-性能间关系的研究都是定性的,获得了良好的结果,并得到了实际应用。"合金成分-工艺-组织-性能"之间的定量关系研究是近几年国内外钛合金研究的一个热点,已取得一定的进展。综述了高强钛合金的成分定量设计、工艺-组织-性能间定量关系建立的研究进展,主要包含高强钛合金成分的定量设计方法、微观组织的定量表征方法、组织与性能定量关系建立、工艺与性能的定量关系建立等,并通过实际验证。     

低弹性模量钛合金的研究进展

钛合金作为一种具有良好生物相容性、抗腐蚀性和力学性能的生物医用金属材料已经得到了实际应用。发展新型低弹性模量钛合金是该领域的研究热点之一。从理论设计和实验研究2个方面对低弹性模量钛合金的研究和发展现状进行了评述。以d电子合金设计方法和第一原理计算为代表的理论方法已经成为低弹性模量Ti合金设计的有效手段。多元合金化设计和优化的热机械处理工艺对发展新型多功能、高性能生物医用Ti合金十分重要。     

高性能钛合金的关键“基因”及高通量实验与计算技术的应用

加快高性能钛合金的研发速度、降低研发成本对我国高端装备制造至关重要。作为关键结构材料,强度、塑性与韧性是保障钛合金构件安全运行的关键力学性能指标。通过高通量计算可预测合金的模量、比热、热膨胀系数等多种物理性能指标,但是对于强度、塑性与韧性等力学性能指标尚缺少预测模型和公式,原因是力学性能间接依赖合金的化学成分,直接影响力学性能的因素是合金的微观组织。高性能钛合金的关键"基因"是成分、相/组织结构与晶体缺陷。高通量计算和扩散多元节建立合金成分与相的对应关系,相场动力学计算与模拟实现对相与微观组织演化的预测,通过微纳尺度力学性能测试技术获得微观组织结构的力学性能数据。期望通过以上各环节研究结果与数据的有机整合,建立钛合金成分、相与微观组织、力学性能数据库,有助于提升高性能钛合金的研发速度,满足我国关键技术领域对先进钛合金的需求。     

生物医用钛合金材料的研究、开发与应用

生物医用材料及制品是近30年来发展起来的一类技术附加值最高的高新技术产品,其作用药物不能替代。近10年来,生物材料和制品的世界市场增幅百分率一直保持在两位数左右,发展趋势可与汽车和信息产业相比,正在成长为世界经济的一个新的支柱性产业,而生物材料的研发已成为世界研究热点。钛合金是一种继不锈钢、钴铬合金和TiNi形状记忆合金之后可用于人体软、硬组织修复与替代较理想的外科植入物用首选材料,它先后经过了第一代材料纯钛(α型)和Ti6Al4V合金(α β型)和第二代无钒的α β型钛合金Ti6Al7Nb和Ti5Al2.5Fe以及以β型钛合金为主的第三代新型医用钛合金(如Ti-13Nb-13Zr)的发展历程,其出发点是寻找生物相容性更好(不含对人体有毒的元素)、与人体骨骼力学相容性更加匹配(降低弹性模量、减小对骨组织的“应力屏蔽“)且综合性能优良的钛合金材料。综述了国际上生物医用钛合金的研发历史和现状,重点介绍了国际上正在热点研究的新型β型医用钛合金材料的合金设计、加工制备及其组织与性能控制和在骨科与血管介入领域的应用现状,特别是介绍了我国自主开发的两种新型医用β型钛合金的研究及其相关医疗器械产品研制情况,最后指出了医疗器...     

生物医用亚稳β钛合金的研究进展EI北大核心

钛及钛合金具有高比强度、低的弹性模量、无磁性以及优异的生物相容性和耐腐蚀性能等特点,被认为是理想的生物医用金属材料。以无毒性的Nb,Mo,Ta,Zr和Sn等作为主要合金化元素,并具有更低弹性模量的亚稳β型钛合金是新一代医用钛合金材料的重点发展方向。本文综述了生物医用钛合金的基本特性和发展概况,并以Ti-Nb基医用钛合金为例,介绍了新型亚稳β生物医用钛合金的成分设计方法、合金化原理、研究现状和制备技术。最后指出进一步降低弹性模量,提高强度、疲劳性能和功能特性等综合性能是生物医用β钛合金重点的发展方向,今后可以针对合金化元素的交互作用机理、合金成分设计与组织性能调控方法以及微观力学机制等问题开展深入研究。     

生物医用亚稳β钛合金的研究进展

钛及钛合金具有高比强度、低的弹性模量、无磁性以及优异的生物相容性和耐腐蚀性能等特点，被认为是理想的生物医用金属材料。以无毒性的Nb, Mo, Ta, Zr和Sn等作为主要合金化元素，并具有更低弹性模量的亚稳β型钛合金是新一代医用钛合金材料的重点发展方向。本文综述了生物医用钛合金的基本特性和发展概况，并以Ti-Nb基医用钛合金为例，介绍了新型亚稳β生物医用钛合金的成分设计方法、合金化原理、研究现状和制备技术。最后指出进一步降低弹性模量，提高强度、疲劳性能和功能特性等综合性能是生物医用β钛合金重点的发展方向，今后可以针对合金化元素的交互作用机理、合金成分设计与组织性能调控方法以及微观力学机制等问题开展深入研究。     

组合材料芯片技术在钛合金研究中的应用

综述了组合材料芯片技术在钛合金研究中应用的新进展.利用组合材料芯片技术在短周期内制备出合金元素梯度变化的多元钛合金样品,由于样品的加工状态和热处理条件相同,可以确定某种合金元素含量与整个钛合金体系组织和力学性能的定量关系.利用多种表征手段,从样品库中系统地分析组织和力学性能的变化规律并筛选出目标成分,显示出组合材料芯片技术在钛合金相变研究和合金设计中的优势.     

Mo、V、Cr对钛合金β相的合金化效应

为了研究钛合金中常用β合金元素Mo、V、Cr等对β相合金化的影响,通过设计制备一系列不同元素含量的TiMo、Ti-V、Ti-Cr二元β型钛合金,分析了含单一合金化元素的β型钛合金的显微组织、硬度及室温拉伸性能。结果发现:随着合金中β稳定元素含量的增加,所有二元合金的晶格常数及晶粒尺寸都呈减小的趋势,其中元素Cr具有最强烈的减小晶格常数效应,而元素Mo对晶粒细化的效果最显著。成分为Ti-xV、Ti-xCr的β相的拉伸强度随元素含量增加的变化规律与硬度变化相似,先减小后增加。Ti-xMo拉伸强度则随元素含量的增加强度升高。元素Cr对β相的强化效果高于Mo和V。     

Titanium alloy production technology,market prospects and industry development

Titanium alloy with a low density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance and good process performance, is the ideal structural materials for the aerospace engineering. Based on the microstructure of titanium alloys, it can be divided into α-type titanium alloys (heat-resistant titanium alloys), β-type titanium alloys and α + β-type titanium alloys. The research scopes also include the fabrication technology of titanium alloys, powder metallurgy, rapid solidification technology, and other military and civilian applications of titanium alloys. Titanium and its alloys have become the ideal structural materials used for the fuselage, and accounted for a significant part of the structural quality in most military aircrafts. Titanium’s future market expectations need to be considered in the macro level market. Apart from the supply and demand trends of titanium market, it is necessary to consider the impact of technological innovations that can help to reduce the cost of titanium production.     

A novel biomedical titanium alloy with high antibacterial property and low elastic modulus

β-type titanium alloys have attracted much attention as implant materials because of their low elastic modulus and high strength,which is closer to human bones and can avoid the problem of stress fielding and extend the lifetime of prosthetics.However,other issues,such as the infection or inflammation postimplantation,still trouble the titanium alloy's clinical application.In this paper,we developed a novel near β-titanium alloy (Ti-13Nb-13Zr-13Ag,TNZA) with low elastic modulus and strong antibacterial ability by the addition of Ag element followed by proper microstructure controlling,which could reduce the stress shielding and bacterial infections simultaneously.The microstructure,mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,antibacterial properties and cell toxicity were studied using SEM,electrochemical testing,mechanical test and cell tests.The results have demonstrated that TNZA alloy exhibited an elastic modulus of 75-87 GPa and a strong antibacterial ability (up to 98 ％ reduction) and good biocompatibility.Moreover,it was also shown that this alloy's corrosion resistance was better than that of Ti-13Nb-13Zr.All the results suggested that Ti-13Nb-13Zr-13Ag might be a competitive biomedical titanium alloy.     

Enhancement of mechanical properties of biocompatible Ti–45Nb alloy by hydrostatic extrusion

β-Type titanium alloys are promising materials for orthopaedic implants due to their relatively low Young’s modulus and excellent biocompatibility. However, their strength is lower than those of α- or α + β-type titanium alloys. Grain refinement by severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques provides a unique opportunity to enhance mechanical properties to prolong the lifetime of orthopaedic implants without changing their chemical composition. In this study, β-type Ti–45Nb (wt%) biomedical alloy in the form of 30 mm rod was subjected to hydrostatic extrusion (HE) to refine the microstructure and improve its mechanical properties. HE processing was carried out at room temperature without intermediate annealing in a multi-step process, up to an accumulative true strain of 3.5. Significant microstructure refinement from a coarse-grained region to an ultrafine-grained one was observed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Vickers hardness measurements (HV_0.2) demonstrated that the strength of the alloy increased from about 150 to 210 HV_0.2. Nevertheless, the measurements of Young’s modulus by nanoindentation showed no significant changes. This finding is substantiated by X-ray diffraction analyses which did not exhibit any phase transformation out of the bcc phase being present still before processing by HE. These results thus indicate that HE is a promising SPD method to obtain significant grain refinement and enhance strength of β-type Ti–45Nb alloy without changing its low Young’s modulus, being one prerequisite for biomedical application.     

钛及钛合金搅拌摩擦焊研究进展

搅拌摩擦焊技术已经成功应用于铝合金等低熔点材料的焊接,但针对钛及钛合金等高熔点材料的研究仍在进行之中。从焊具设计、接头显微组织与力学性能和焊接过程仿真等方面综述了钛及钛合金搅拌摩擦焊国内外研究进展,为搅拌摩擦焊技术应用于钛及钛合金提供参考。     

Mechanical properties and microstructures of new Ti–Fe–Ta and Ti–Fe–Ta–Zr system alloys

β-type titanium alloys consisting of non-toxic elements, Ti–8Fe–8Ta, Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, and Ti–10Fe–10Ta–4Zr, were newly designed and developed for biomedical applications. Changes in the mechanical properties of the designed alloys with various heat treatments were discussed on the basis of the resultant microstructures. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the designed alloys was evaluated by polarization testing in Hank's solution. Conventional biomedical titanium (cp-Ti) and the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V ELI were also polarized for comparison.The structural phase of the designed alloys, after cold rolling and solution treatment, was only the β phase. Ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of Ti–8Fe–8Ta, Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, and Ti–10Fe–10Ta–4Zr after solution treatment were 1066 MPa and 10%, 1051 MPa and 10%, and 1092 MPa and 6%, respectively. Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr have higher strength than those of conventional biomedical titanium alloys such as Ti–6Al–4V ELI, Ti–6Al–7Nb, and Ti–13Nb–13Zr. In particular, the elongations at failure of Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr were equal to those of Ti–6Al–4V ELI and Ti–6Al–7Nb. The designed alloys and conventional biomedical titanium alloys were spontaneously passivated in Hank's solution. The current density of cp-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V ELI was increased at a potential above 2.5 V. On the other hand, the current density of the designed alloys abruptly increased at a potential above 3.5 V. The designed alloys have the advantage over cp-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V ELI in their high resistance to pitting corrosion in biological environments.Therefore, new β-type titanium alloys designed in this study, Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, are expected to have good properties as biomaterials.     

A novel strategy for developing α+β dual-phase titanium alloys with low Young's modulus and high yield strength

In this study,a novel strategy for developing α+β dual-phase titanium alloys with low Young's modulus and high yield strength was proposed,and a Ti-15Nb-5Zr-4Sn-1Fe alloy was developed through theoret-ical composition design and microstructure manipulation.After hot-rolling and subsequent annealing,a high volume fraction of ultrafine grained α phase embedded in metastable β-matrix was formed in the microstructure as intended.Consequently,this alloy exhibits both low Young's modulus(61 GPa)and high yield strength(912 MPa).The experimental results prove that the proposed strategy is appropriate for developing titanium alloys with superior yield strength-to-modulus ratio than those of conven-tional metallic biomedical materials.Present study might shed light on the research and development of advanced biomedical titanium alloys with low Young's modulus and high yield strength.     

Self-adjustment of Young's modulus in biomedical titanium alloys during orthopaedic operation

In spinal fixation devices, the Young's modulus of the metallic implant rod should be not only sufficiently low to prevent stress shielding for the patient but also sufficiently high to suppress springback for the surgeon. This paper proposes a novel function of biomedical titanium alloys—self-adjustment of Young's modulus. Deformation-induced ω phase transformation was introduced into β-type titanium alloys so that the Young's modulus of only the deformed part would increase during operation, while that of the non-deformed part would remain low. The Young's modulus increase by deformation was investigated for a binary Ti-12Cr alloy. This alloy successfully underwent deformation-induced ω phase transformation and exhibited the increase in the Young's modulus by deformation.     

航空用损伤容限型钛合金研究与应用

为了满足新型飞机的大尺寸、高减重、长寿命和低成本的设计与应用需求,采用损伤容限型钛合金材料及其应用技术是一条重要途径。国外发达国家已经在新型损伤容限型钛合金材料研制和在先进飞机上的应用方面走在了前列,特别是像中强度的Ti-6Al-4VELI和高强度的Ti-6-22-22S等,已经成功地应用在了美国F-22/F-35,C-17等新一代飞机中,大大地提高了飞机的使用寿命和战斗力。这几年我国先后自主创新发展了中强度损伤容限型钛合金TC4-DT和高强度损伤容限型钛合金TC21,建立了损伤容限型钛合金的β处理加工技术,为我国新型飞机的研制奠定了材料应用技术基础。通过分析国内外损伤容限型钛合金材料及其新型加工工艺技术的研究发展情况,结合我国新型损伤容限型钛合金材料研究进展,重点探讨了新型损伤容限型钛合金的材料特点、性能水平和应用前景。     

Machine learning recommends affordable new Ti alloy with bone-like modulus

A neural-network machine called “βLow” enables a high-throughput recommendation for new β titanium alloys with Young’s moduli lower than 50 GPa. The machine was trained by using a very general approach with small data from experiments. Its efficiency and accuracy break the barrier for alloy discovery. βLow’s best recommendation, Ti-12Nb-12Zr-12Sn (in wt.%) alloy, was unexpected in previous methods. This new alloy meets the requirements for bio-compatibility, low modulus, and low cost, and holds promise for orthopedic and prosthetic implants. Moreover, βLow’s prediction guides us to realize that the unexplored space of the chemical compositions of low-modulus biomedical titanium alloys is still large. Machine-learning-aided materials design accelerates the progress of materials development and reduces research costs in this work.     

Effects of alloying elements on the cytotoxic response of titanium alloys

Titanium alloys, especially β-type alloys containing β-stabilizing elements, constitute a highly versatile category of metallic materials that have been under constant development for application in orthopedics and dentistry. This type of alloy generally presents a high mechanical strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity and adhesion of fibroblast cells on titanium alloy substrates containing Nb, Ta, Zr, Cu, Sn and Mo alloying elements. Cells cultured on polystyrene were used as controls. In vitro results with Vero cells demonstrated that the tested materials, except Cu-based alloy, presented high viability in short-term testing. Adhesion of cells cultured on disks showed no differences between the materials and reference except for the Ti–Cu alloy, which showed reduced adhesion attributed to poor metabolic activity. Titanium alloys with the addition of Nb, Ta, Zr, Sn and Mo elements show a promising potential for biomedical applications.