层状TI饱和半空间均布斜线荷载及孔隙水压动力格林函数

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质模型,采用动力刚度矩阵方法结合傅里叶变换,给出了层状横观各向同性(TI)饱和半空间中均布斜线荷载及孔隙水压的动力格林函数。方法首先将荷载作用层固定,在波数域内求得层内响应和固端反力,进而由刚度矩阵方法求得反加固端反力于整个层状半空间而产生的响应,最后叠加层内解和固端反力解经由傅里叶逆变换求得空间域内解。所给出的层状TI饱和半空间格林函数为建立相应边界元方法进而求解层状TI饱和介质相关波动问题提供了一组完备基本解。通过与已发表的各向同性饱和结果和TI弹性结果进行对比,验证了方法的正确性。进而给出了数值计算结果并进行了参数分析。结果表明:TI饱和介质与各向同性饱和介质对应的动力响应差异显著,且介质的各向异性参数对动力响应有着重要影响。此外,荷载埋深越小,地表位移和孔压波动更剧烈;介质渗透系数起到类似阻尼的作用,减小渗透系数可降低动力响应;随着频率的增大,位移、应力和孔压的波动也更为剧烈。     

层状饱和半空间中沉积谷地对斜入射平面P1波的三维散射

在作者给出层状饱和场地三维精确动力刚度矩阵和层状饱和半空间中移动荷载动力格林函数基础上,采用间接边界元方法在频域内求解了层状流体饱和场地中沉积谷地对斜入射平面P1波的三维散射问题。该方法的特点在于虚拟移动均布荷载和斜线孔隙水压可以直接施加在沉积与层状饱和半空间交界面而不存在奇异性。该文通过与已有结果的比较验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀饱和半空间和弹性基岩上单一饱和土层中沉积谷地为例进行了数值计算分析。研究表明,沉积谷地对平面P1波的三维散射与二维散射之间存在本质差别,入射角度、孔隙率、饱和土层刚度和饱和土层厚度等参数对沉积谷地附近动力响应有着显著影响。     

半空间饱和多孔介质中孔隙水压动力格林函数

该文引入三维饱和场地轴对称情况时的势函数,通过傅里叶积分变换,给出了三维饱和半空间中作用一孔隙水压力时的动力格林函数。首先在作用孔隙水压力处引入一辅助面,然后通过自由表面的边界条件以及辅助面处的连续条件,得到势函数系数,利用位移应力与势函数关系即可得到三维饱和半空间任一点的响应,也即格林函数。对于地表透水情况,该文考虑了地表的完全透水和完全不透水两种透水条件,该文进行了大量计算,分析了激励频率和孔隙率对位移和孔隙水压力的影响。     

饱和地基上列车运行引起的地面振动特性分析

从饱和土Biot波动方程出发,基于二次形函数薄层法,将圆柱坐标系下饱和土的Biot轴对称波动方程在竖向进行离散,沿切向及轴向坐标分别进行Fourier级数分解和Hankel变换,得到饱和地基频域-波数域中的位移基本解,再利用Hankel逆变换和Fourier综合,求得频域柱坐标系下的位移表达。结合移动列车-轨道-地基的振动模型,对饱和地基上列车运行引起的地面振动进行了分析,讨论了动力渗透系数、孔隙率和动力流体粘滞系数等参数对地面振动传播与衰减的影响规律,并与弹性地基的振动衰减进行了比较。结果表明:在不同列车运行速度下,饱和地基和弹性地基的竖向位移振动响应差异较大;饱和土体的动力渗透系数、孔隙率和孔隙流体动力粘滞系数是影响地面振动的主要参数。     

上覆非饱和层的饱和地基稳态响应分析

基于多孔弹性饱和介质及多孔弹性非饱和介质的动力控制方程,研究了上覆非饱和层的饱和半空间成层地基在竖向谐振荷载作用下的稳态响应问题。通过引入位移函数,并利用Cauchy-Reimann条件,分别求得了Fourier变换域内饱和土与非饱和土的位移、应力和孔压的一般解;结合不同的边界条件和连续条件,经过Fourier逆变换,得到竖向简谐荷载作用下成层土的稳态响应积分表达式;当将上覆非饱和层饱和半空间分别退化为均质饱和弹性半空间及上覆弹性层饱和半空间时,结果与已有结果均吻合得较好。通过数值算例分析,着重研究了上覆非饱和土层的饱和度、厚度以及地表透气透水条件对动力响应的影响。     

饱和黏弹性土中圆柱形隧洞的振动特性

基于流体不可压缩饱和多孔介质理论,将衬砌视为具有分数导数本构关系的多孔黏弹性体,在频率域内研究了在内水压力作用下饱和黏弹性土和衬砌系统的振动特性。通过引入与孔隙流体体积分数有关的应力系数,合理地确定了隧洞边界衬砌和孔隙水共同承担的内水压力值。利用衬砌内边界上的边界条件以及衬砌和土体界面处应力和位移的连续性条件,给出了隧洞边界部分透水条件下饱和黏弹性土和分数导数型黏弹性衬砌系统简谐耦合振动时系统动力响应的解析解。结果表明:饱和黏弹土和衬砌结构的动力响应与衬砌材料的黏性有关;应力系数合理地确定了衬砌和孔隙水共同承担的内水压力值。     

任意多个凸起地形对平面P波的散射

结合"分区契合"技术,采用间接边界元方法研究了任意多个凸起地形对平面P波的散射问题。求解中将模型分解为开口层状半空间域和多个凸起闭合域,同时将波场分解为自由波场和散射波场。自由波场由直接刚度法求得,而开口域和闭合域内的散射波场则通过在相应的边界上施加虚拟均布荷载,求解动力格林函数来模拟,虚拟荷载密度通过引入边界条件确定。该文通过与已有结果的比较验证了方法的正确性,进而开展数值计算,研究了两侧凸起高度、凸起间距和凸起个数对中间凸起及附近地表位移幅值的影响。数值结果表明:凸起间存在动力相互作用,使得多个凸起情况位移幅值显著大于单一凸起情况,多个凸起与单一凸起对应的位移幅值及放大谱均存在显著差异;两侧凸起的高度和凸起间距的改变,均使得凸起间动力相互作用机制发生了改变,进而改变了放大谱的峰值以及峰值频率。凸起个数对凸起间动力相互作用机制影响较小,不同凸起个数情况对应的放大谱峰值频率非常接近;两侧凸起高度的增大、凸起间距的减小以及凸起个数的增多,会使得凸起间动力相互作用进一步加强,位移幅值较大且空间分布更为复杂。     

高速移动列车荷载作用下层状饱和地基-轨道耦合系统的动力响应

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质理论,求得层状饱和地基表面移动荷载的动力格林函数,进而建立2.5维间接边界元方法,研究了高速移动列车荷载作用下层状饱和地基-轨道耦合系统的动力响应。该文通过与已有结果的比较验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀饱和半空间地基和饱和基岩上单一饱和土层地基为模型进行了数值计算,分析了列车移动速度和饱和土层等对动力响应的影响。研究表明,层状饱和地基和均匀饱和地基对应的动力响应有着显著的差别;列车移动速度接近饱和地基的Rayleigh波速时,会引起饱和地基-轨道耦合系统的共振,产生较大的动力响应;饱和地基不透水情况下动力响应最大,饱和地基透水情况下动力响应次之,干土情况下动力响应最小。另外,饱和土孔隙率、饱和基岩与饱和土层刚度比、饱和土层厚度等也对动力响应具有重要影响。     

水位变化对于移动荷载作用下土体动力响应的影响研究

采用上覆弹性层饱和地基土模型描述水位于地表以下的地基动力响应问题,利用改变弹性层厚度模拟土体中水位的变化。基于Biot饱和多孔介质动力方程和层间连续性条件,求解出上覆弹性层饱和半空间频域波数内位移场表达式,通过Fourier逆变换得到3维空间域的结果,研究了水位变化对于土体动力响应的影响。数值计算结果表明,水位的变化会对地基中波的传播产生一定影响。当水位离地面较深时,地面竖向位移值与弹性半空间情况类似;随着水位上升,弹性层和饱和半空间界面上的反射波会对地面竖向位移产生影响,导致地表位移值较弹性半空间下的结果有所增大,当水位接近地表时,位移值变化类似于饱和地基土。     

移动简谐载荷作用下层状地基-轨道耦合系统动力响应分析

采用格林函数方法求解层状地基-轨道耦合系统在移动简谐载荷作用下的动力响应问题。通过求解层状地基表面作用移动均布线载荷时的动力格林影响函数,由位移连续条件实现层状地基与轨道的耦合,求得移动简谐载荷作用下频率-波数域内的系统动力响应,最后通过傅里叶逆变换求得时间-空间域内的动力响应;与已有结果的比较验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀半空间地基和基岩上单一土层地基-欧拉梁耦合系统为模型,研究载荷振动频率、移动速度、地基刚度以及土层厚度对动力响应的影响。研究表明移动简谐载荷频率较高时与移动静载荷情况不同,不再具有跨音速时地表位移幅值最大的规律;成层地基-轨道耦合系统在移动简谐载荷作用下的动力响应与均匀地基情况存在显著差异,当载荷频率与层状地基固有频率接近时,地基表面位移幅值较大;另外随着基岩与土层剪切波速比的增大,载荷以超音速经过后地基表面位移振动更加剧烈,振动时间更长,随着土层厚度的增大,位移幅值逐渐向低频区域迁移。     

循环荷载作用下饱和砂土的性质演化规律及液化阶段性特征

正确认识饱和砂土在液化过程中的性质演变规律是解决可液化土层大变形问题的关键。通过饱和砂土不排水三轴试验,研究了饱和砂土液化过程中剪应力-剪应变关系、孔压增长速率和流动性的演化规律。发现饱和砂土由固态向液态的转变过程存在显著的阶段性特征,饱和砂土的液化过程可根据孔压比增长速率特征点划分为固态、固-液过渡、触变性流体及稳定流体四个阶段,而土体的孔压比增长速率与其产生的残余剪应变相关;围压和循环应力比会影响土体液化过程中各阶段的持续时间,围压越低、循环应力比越高,饱和砂土越容易从固体阶段转变为流体阶段;饱和南京细砂从一个阶段进入另一个阶段的所需振次与对应的孔压比之间呈线性关系。     

Fundamental solutions for transient heat transfer by conduction and convection in an unbounded, half-space, slab and layered media in the frequency domain

Analytical Green's functions in the frequency domain are presented for the three-dimensional diffusion equation in an unbounded, half-space, slab and layered media. These proposed expressions take into account the conduction and convection phenomena, assuming that the system is subjected to spatially sinusoidal harmonic heat line sources and do not require any type of discretization of the space domain. The application of time and spatial Fourier transforms along the two horizontal directions allows the solution of the three-dimensional time convection-diffusion equation for a heat point source to be obtained as a summation of one-dimensional responses. The problem is recast in the time domain by means of inverse Fourier transforms using complex frequencies in order to avoid aliasing phenomenon. Further, no restriction is placed on the source time dependence, since the static response is obtained by limiting the frequency to zero and the high frequency contribution to the response is small.

The proposed functions have been verified against analytical time domain solutions, known for the case of an unbounded medium, and the Boundary Element Method solutions for the case of the half-space, slab and layered media.     

Surface Green's function of a piezoelectric half-space

The computation of the two-dimensional harmonic spatial-domain Green's function at the surface of a piezoelectric half-space is discussed. Starting from the known form of the Green's function expressed in the spectral domain, the singular contributions are isolated and treated separately. It is found that the surface acoustic wave contributions (i.e., poles in the spectral Green's function) give rise to an anisotropic generalization of the Hankel function H0(2), the spatial Green's function for the scalar two-dimensional wave equation. The asymptotic behavior at infinity and at the origin (for the electrostatic contribution) also are explicitly treated. The remaining nonsingular part of the spectral Green's function is obtained numerically by a combination of fast Fourier transform and quadrature. Illustrations are given in the case of a substrate of Y-cut lithium niobate.     

随机波浪作用下饱和砂质海床弹塑性动力响应规律

为研究实际海洋环境中随机性波浪作用下弹塑性海床饱和土体真实的动力学行为及振动液化过程演化规律,该文结合Biot动力固结理论和本课题组提出的砂土震动液化大变形本构理论模型和处理液化时零有效应力状态的数值算法,采用JONSWAP频谱来模拟波浪,给出了随机波浪作用下饱和砂质海床土体中超静孔隙水压力瞬态变化与液化过程的弹塑性动力分析方法。该方法可很好地描述在随机波浪作用下,海床土体内超静孔隙水压力场在时空上呈现出的瞬态起伏变化和平均单调累积增长或消散的特性以及海床内达到零有效应力的液化状态在时间域上间歇性出现、在空间域上连续性移动的规律性。     

Analytical decoupling of poroelasticity equations for acoustic-wave propagation and attenuation in a porous medium containing two immiscible fluids

Poroelasticity theory has become an effective and accurate approach to analyzing the intricate mechanical behavior of a porous medium containing two immiscible fluids, a system encountered in many subsurface engineering applications. However, the resulting partial differential equations in the theory intrinsically take on a coupled form in the terms pertinent to inertial drag, viscous damping, and applied stress, making it difficult to obtain closed-form, steady-state analytical solutions to boundary-value problems except in special cases. In the present paper, we demonstrate that, for dilatational wave excitations, these partial differential equations can be decoupled analytically into three Helmholtz equations featuring complex-valued, frequency-dependent normal coordinates that correspond physically to three independent modes of dilatational wave motion. The normal coordinates in turn can be expressed in the frequency domain as three different linear combinations of the solid dilatation and the linearized increment of fluid content for each pore fluid, or equivalently, as three different linear combinations of total dilatational stress and two pore fluid pressures. These representations are applicable to strain-controlled and stress-prescribed boundary conditions, respectively. Numerical calculations confirm that the phase speed and attenuation coefficient of the three dilatational waves represented by the Helmholtz equations are exactly identical to those obtained previously by numerical solution of the dispersion relations for dilatational wave excitation of a porous medium containing two immiscible fluids. Thus, dilatational wave motions in unsaturated porous media subject to suitable boundary conditions can now be accurately modeled analytically.     

Fundamental solution for a layered porous half space subject to a vertical point force or a point fluid source

The focus of this contribution is to develop a transmission and reflection matrices (TRM) method for a layered porous half-space subject to a point force or a fluid point source. Applying the Hankel and the Fourier transformation, the general solutions for the displacements, stresses and pore pressure are derived from the potentials for the solid skeleton and the pore fluid as well as the governing equations of Biots theory. The transmission and reflection matrices (TRM) for each interface are obtained by using the general solutions as well as the continuity conditions at the interface. The TRM method for the layered porous medium is developed on the basis of the transmission and reflection matrices (TRM) and the boundary conditions as well as the source terms for the point force or the fluid point source. The fundamental solutions of the point force and the point fluid source in both the frequency domain and the time domain are obtained by using the proposed TRM method. Some numerical examples are given in the paper.     

Dynamic Green’s functions for a poroelastic half-space

The dynamic responses of a poroelastic half-space to an internal point load and fluid source are investigated in the frequency domain in this paper. By virtue of a method of displacement potentials, the 3D general solutions of homogeneous wave equations and fundamental singular solutions of inhomogeneous wave equations are derived, respectively, in the frequency domain. The mirror-image technique is then applied to construct the dynamic Green’s functions for a poroelastic half-space. Explicit analytical solutions for displacement fields and pore pressure are obtained in terms of semi-infinite Hankel-type integrals with respect to the horizontal wavenumber. In two limiting cases, the solutions presented in this study are shown to reduce to known counterparts of elastodynamics and those of Lamb’s problem, thus ensuring the validity of our result.     

Three-dimensional fundamental solutions for transient heat transfer by conduction in an unbounded medium,half-space,slab and layered media

This paper presents analytical Green's functions for the transient heat transfer phenomena by conduction, for an unbounded medium, half-space, slab and layered formation when subjected to a point heat source. The transient heat responses generated by a spherical heat source are computed as Bessel integrals, following the transformations proposed by Sommerfeld [Sommerfeld A. Mechanics of deformable bodies. New York: Academic Press; 1950; Ewing WM, Jardetzky WS, Press F. Elastic waves in layered media. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1957]. The integrals can be modelled as discrete summations, assuming a set of sources equally spaced along the vertical direction. The expressions presented here allow the heat field inside a layered formation to be computed without fully discretizing the interior domain or boundary interfaces.The final Green's functions describe the conduction phenomenon throughout the domain, for a half-space and a slab. They can be expressed as the sum of the heat source and the surface terms. The surface terms need to satisfy the boundary conditions at the surfaces, which can be of two types: null normal fluxes or null temperatures. The Green's functions for a layered formation are obtained by adding the heat source terms and a set of surface terms, generated within each solid layer and at each interface. These surface terms are defined so as to guarantee the required boundary conditions, which are: continuity of temperatures and normal heat fluxes between layers.This formulation is verified by comparing the frequency responses obtained from the proposed approach with those where a double-space Fourier transformation along the horizontal directions [Tadeu A, António J, Simões N. 2.5D Green's functions in the frequency domain for heat conduction problems in unbounded, half-space, slab and layered media. CMES: Computer Model Eng Sci 2004;6(1):43–58] is used. In addition, time domain solutions were compared with the analytical solutions that are known for the case of an unbounded medium, a half-space and a slab.     

分数导数黏弹性准饱和土中球空腔振动特性

在频率域内用解析方法研究分析了简谐轴对称荷载和流体压力作用下分数导数黏弹性准饱和中球空腔的稳态响应问题。将土骨架等效为具有分数阶导数本构关系的黏弹性体,基于Biot两相饱和介质模型,通过势函数推导求得了边界部分透水时分数导数粘弹性准饱和土中球空腔的位移、应力和孔压等的解析解。根据界面连续性条件,确定了待定系数的表达式。在此基础上,考察了准饱和土各参数对动力响应的影响,结果表明：轴对称荷载和流体压力两种情况时,相对渗透系数对动力响应的影响有较大的差异。分数导数本构模型更合理地描述了准饱和土中球空腔的振动特性。