飞机结构件槽腔内面间最短距离计算算法

摘 要：在飞机结构件数控加工自动编程系统的开发过程中,由于零件的特征层面的工艺 性缺陷,特别是槽腔内面间的最短距离过小,容易导致零件加工复杂、成本过高甚至无法加工。 目前针对该模型问题主要采用人工检查的方式,不仅效率低且易出错。针对具有复杂形状,并 且包含开闭角、内陷等复杂特征的飞机结构件槽腔,其侧壁面间最短距离无法直接获取的问题, 提出飞机结构件槽腔内面间最短距离计算算法。首先给出槽腔以及与距离相关的术语定义,接 着在特征几何参数提取的基础上,将侧壁面间最短距离计算转化为线线间最短距离计算,并根 据槽特征的几何特性提出线线距离有效性判断准则以简化计算,求得槽特征内侧壁面间最短距 离。最后,以某飞机结构件模型为例,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

利用主面扩展识别飞机结构件开闭角

为识别存在细碎曲面片的飞机结构件的开闭角,提出一种利用主面扩展的识别算法.以飞机结构件的广义槽模型为基础,首先识别广义槽中的开闭角面,获得主面集;然后判断主面集中面的类型并对主面集和关联面集进行扩展,获得开闭角特征完整的几何属性;最后根据几何属性识别广义槽中的开闭角特征并构建所有开闭角特征的关联树.实例结果表明,该算法是正确的和有效的.     

基于特征分离的飞机结构件特征识别技术研究

为了有效识别并分离出飞机结构件的加工特征,论文通过定义飞机结构件的加工特征面,利用CAA二次开发技术,将加工特征定义为加工特征与辅助特征两种类型。利用邻接矩阵面节点间连接弧的凹凸性定义加工特征与辅助特征,并进行分离;将加工特征离散为点云数据,并采用DBSCAN算法对加工特征进行区分,得到单一特征与相交特征点云数据;输入点云数据至DGCNN模型的分类分割网络,实现单一特征的分类与相交特征的分割。开发CATIA应用插件对该方法进行验证,结果表明该方法能够准确识别出结构件中的复杂特征。     

一种频域特征的飞机目标提取方法

针对军事遥感影像智能判读的目标定位与提取问题,将先验知识引入到目标提取过程中,提出一种基于频域特征的飞机目标提取方法.该方法通过绘制目标圆周剖面线将二维图像信号简化为一维信号,运用频谱能量的谐波叠置原理对飞机形状进行频谱分析,确定目标轮廓的固有频率;然后设计多尺度的Gabor滤波器组提取图像的纹理特征图,并进行特征图融合形成目标显著图;最后利用数学形态学的方法对目标显著图进行处理,得到最终的目标提取结果.实验结果表明,与基于无先验知识的视觉显著性目标检测方法相比,该方法抗干扰能力强,能够清楚、准确、完整地提取目标区域,是一种有效的飞机目标提取方法.     

基于支持向量机的图像飞机目标自动识别算法研究

为了能够快速、准确地识别飞机目标,文章给出了一种基于支持向量机的飞机目标自动识别方法;采用Touzi边缘提取,得到目标形状参数的几何特征,Hu不变矩等16个特征矢量作为SVM的训练样本,通过SVM训练得到飞机目标识别模型,从而完成飞机目标的自动识别;试验结果显示.该算法对不同尺度和模糊程度的飞机目标的识别度可达99%;该算法减少了样本训练时间,在提高识别准确率的同时降低了算法的复杂度,具有识别度高、识别速度快的特点,可用于飞机目标的快速识别。     

不确定作业的飞机大修并行拆卸调度优化研究

在飞机大修作业并行规划中,以往将部件/结构件的拆卸时间视为确定性变量,但由于飞机老龄化或作业空间小等原因,实际拆卸时间存在不确定性.针对这一问题,采用不确定理论描述该不确定时间变量,将其期望值转化为确定性实数规划模型,并设计一套遗传算法计算出并行规划的最优解.计算实例结果表明了该模型的合理性和算法的有效性.     

基于扩展知识结构图的智能教学规划

智能教学规划是智能教学系统的核心组成部分,领域知识模型、教学方法模型以及学习者模型是智能教学系统的三个要素。提出了扩展知识结构图(ExtendedKnowledgeStructureGraph,EKSG)的概念,通过扩展知识结构图将领域知识模型、教学方法模型、学习者模型有机地结合起来。在此基础上,给出了根据扩展知识结构图制定学习者关于学习目标的最优教学规划算法,规划算法由两部分组成:判定算法JUDGE和最优规划生成算法TPLAN,其中JUDGE判断规划问题是否有解,在有解的情况下求出最优解图,TPLAN根据最优解图计算最优规划。证明了算法的正确性,分析了算法的效率。     

基于自适应邻域的固有形状特征算法

针对三维点云特征点检测算法中固定尺度的确定需要经验知识的参与,自适应尺度的计算需消耗较多时间成本的问题,提出一种自适应邻域的固有形状特征（ANISS）改进算法。首先利用局部特征计算每一点的自适应邻域k值;然后将k值作为ANISS算法中的邻域大小,通过比较连续特征值的比率与阈值的大小来得到近似特征点;最后以近似特征点的k值作为非极大值抑制（NMS）的邻域大小,执行NMS算法,得到最终的特征点。旋转平移不变性实验和噪声敏感性实验的结果表明,ANISS算法检测出的特征点的可重复性均高于固有形状特征（ISS）算法,它不仅降低了ISS算法中邻域参数输入造成的不准确性,还具有较高的计算效率。     

语义知识约束的三维人体特征点检测和分割

针对三维人体模形内在知识理解问题,提出域知识约束下的三维人体特征点检测和层次分割算法.首先给出人体域知识的语义特征点定义及参数化描述;然后根据域知识和几何属性自动识别三维人体模型语义特征点,并根据语义特征点和测地距离对人体模型进行层次分割;最后通过图论对分割结果进行优化,并采用形状索引对人体特征点局部特性进行分析,提高分割和特征点的准确性.实验结果表明,文中算法不仅对三维人体模型姿态变化具有很好的稳定性,而且能有效地避免已有算法所出现的分割结果不一致问题.     

视频火灾自动预警中烟雾检测的研究

首先分析了在火灾发生时烟雾的静态特征和动态特征,主要包括烟雾的颜色特征、形状不规则性和扩散性。针对烟雾的颜色特征、形状不规则性及扩散性设计了相应的检测算法,实现了对视频中的烟雾的检测并自动报警。实验结果表明,结合烟雾的静态特征和动态特征设计的检测算法具有较好的识别效果。     

Feedback method from inspection to process plan based on feature mapping for aircraft structural parts

The feedback from results of computer aided inspection is used by process planners (though a manual process) to improve machining processes to achieve desired quality. Mapping from inspection features to machining features is a practical method to automate this process. In NC machining of aircraft structural parts, composite machining features, surface joining and complex topological adjacency between free-from surfaces make this kind of mapping (one-to-many mapping mostly) much more complicated. In this research, a new feature mapping based feedback method from inspection to process plan is proposed. The geometry of inspection features are categorized into three kinds of basic inspection elements: Axis, Plane, and Surface. Then, the one-to-many mapping is simplified into one-to-one mapping. The correspondence relationships between basic inspection elements and machining features are abstract as mapping rules to obtain the associations between the basic inspection elements and candidate machining features. Through geometric reasoning, the basic inspection elements are mapped into machining features. Then, the measure data as feedback can be transferred to process planner for improving machining process. The optimized machining process will be stored in knowledge base for reusing. A case study is presented in this paper to demonstrate the proposed method. A prototype feature-based on-line inspection system has been developed and applied for machining aircraft structural parts in a large aircraft manufacturer.     

Rule and branch-and-bound algorithm based sequencing of machining features for process planning of complex parts

The machining sequence of machining features is vital to achieve efficient and high quality manufacturing of complex NC machining parts. In most feature-based process planning system, the machining features are sequenced as the lowest level unit. However, a single machining feature of complex parts such as aircraft structural parts is usually machined by multiple machining operations. The one-to-many mappings between the machining features and the machining operations cause the increase of the non-cutting tool path. In order to solve this problem, some types of machining features of complex parts are decomposed into several sub-machining features that are associated with a single machining operation individually according to the rules which are abstracted from the machining process of complex parts. Benefitting from the decomposition, the sub-machining features from different machining feature can be assembled into a sub-machining feature in order to avoid the cutting tool marks. The different types of sub-machining features are sequenced in the light of some rules which are also extracted from the machining process of complex parts. And the branch-and-bound algorithm are employed to sequence the same type sub-machining features to minimum the non-cutting tool path. A pilot feature-based process planning system has been developed based on this research, and has been used in some aircraft manufacturers in China.     

A feature-based fixture design methodology for the manufacturing of aircraft structural parts

In fixture design for the manufacturing of aircraft structural parts, there are various challenges and serious problems in industry, such as difficulty in design knowledge capture and reuse, and the arbitrary or non-standard nature of design, which influence the efficiency and quality of fixture design. This paper proposes a feature-based fixture design methodology in which previous fixture design cases and design rules are described in association with features and thus the design knowledge is integrated with geometric information of aircraft structural parts, which are the main concern of this project. In this methodology, machining features of the structural parts and their associated attributes are identified by feature recognition technique from the 3 dimensional (3D) part models defined based on model-based definition (MBD) technique. The feature-based part information models are then established and are used to retrieve previous fixture design cases and design rules stored in the knowledge base. Fixture designers will choose the appropriate retrieved design cases as the starting point for new fixture design or use previous designs to assess his/her current design. In this way the process of new fixture design can be improved. In the current stage of the research, a prototype feature-based fixture design system based on CATIA for the manufacturing of aircraft structural parts has been developed and used by a large airplane manufacturer.     

A CAD-based inspection planning strategy for video measuring instrument

A CAD-based inspection planning strategy for video measuring instrument is proposed to improve manufacturing effectiveness.The system consists of a video probe that enables itself to inspect a work piece based on a CAD model.The measurement software includes CAIP module and MDP module.The CAIP module is developed based on a CAD development platform whose kernel is the Open CASCADE.The entire system was tested,and relevant examples show that the system can accomplish automatic inspection planning task for common parts efficiently.     

Automatic inspection planning within a feature-based CAD system

This paper describe a CIM system which incorporates automatic generation of inspection on plans for coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). Design is done in terms of form features. Associated with each feature are inspection plan fragments (IPFs) which are instances of inspection procedures. There are three basic types of plan fragments for CMMs: (1) fragments for checking the internal dimensions of a feature, (2) fragments for checking the relationships between features, and (3) modified fragments for use when the feature to be inspected intersects another feature. Using this approach, a list of suitable inspection points and approach vectors is generated. A path planner then combines the elements of the list to produce a valid inspection path for the CMM. The system is consistent with the accepted ANSI Y14.5M standard for dimensioning and tolerancing as well as with observed industrial practice.     

Automated inspection process planning: Algorithmic inspection feature recognition, and inspection case representation for CBR

General metrological inspection planning is among the least explored computer-aided process planning (CAPP) domains. This paper explores certain basic issues involved in inspection planning using case-based reasoning in an environment of a Generic CAPP Support System. Firstly, algorithmic methods for characterizing and extracting inspection features are proposed and discussed. A sequential knowledge based filtering method is developed to reduce the number of inspection features typically encountered in metrological inspection planning. Finally, a formalized approach for case representation of relevant inspection domain knowledge using a newly developed parametric-list technological feature graph (PLTFG) is presented.     

Path planning method for on-machine inspection of aerospace structures based on adjacent feature graph

On-Machine Inspection (OMI) system has been playing an important role in modern aeronautical manufacturing, owing to its high efficiency, great convenience, and low application cost. The inspection path planning of OMI, which aims to find an optimal path that traverses all inspection points without collisions and by costing as little time as possible, is a main bottleneck that limits the achievements of higher efficiency and less inspection time. Besides, the path planning for OMI in aerospace manufacturing faces new challenges, which are barely explored, because aerospace structures have unique characteristics of complex geometrical features, large-scale dimensions and high-precision processing requirements. Thus, this paper proposes a novel, easily-implemented and robust inspection path planning method to plan paths for OMI of aerospace structures based on the properties of aerospace structures. In order to lift the inspection efficiency, this method makes three improvements on the path planning. First, reorganize the inspection features based on the cluster technology. Second, construct the adjacent feature graph based on Voronoi Diagram to plan the path. Third, a search algorithm is designed to search the adjacent feature graph to decide the sequence of inspection features and a convex hull based algorithm is used to avoid collisions. The proposed method has been tested for several cases and solid experimental results have shown that these improvements take effects in path planning for OMI of aerospace structures and suited paths can be provided for the inspection.     

A knowledge-based inspection process planning system for coordinate measuring machines

The coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is one of the most effective geometry inspection facilities used in manufacturing industry. To fully utilize its capabilities in a computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment, we should integrate CMM with other systems and facilities. This paper presents the development of a knowledge-based inspection planner based on the fundamental principles of AI planning to integrate computer-aided design systems and CMMs. The issues involved in CAD-directed inspection process planning are examined; the task of inspection process planning is decomposed into a number of sub-tasks. According to the task decomposition, a knowledge-based planning system was designed with several modules. Each of these modules consists of a knowledge base, a control operator, a context and a communication interface. The knowledge base is the local knowledge source for problem solving; the control operator determines when and where the knowledge is applied; the context contains the initial planning state which is essential input part information, the intermediate planning states which result from the tentative decision made by the modules, and the goal state. The module interfacing was realized by directly calling procedures defined in other modules to pass the planning tasks and decisions. Examples are included to explain the planning knowledge and strategy.     

智能仓储货位规划与AGV路径规划协同优化算法

智能仓储的优化一般分为货架优化和路径优化两部分.货架优化针对货物与货架两者的关系,对货物摆放位置进行优化;而路径优化主要寻找自动引导小车（Automated Guided Vehicle,AGV）的最优路径规划.目前,大多的智能仓储优化仅对这两部分进行独立研究,在实际仓储应用中只能以线性叠加的方式解决问题,导致问题的求解易陷入局部最优中.本文通过对智能仓储环节中各部分的关系进行耦合分析,提出了货位和AGV路径协同优化数学模型,将货架优化和路径规划归为一个整体;此外,提出了智能仓储协同优化框架的求解算法,包括货品相似度求解算法和改进的路径规划算法;并在以上两种算法的基础上,使用改进的遗传算法,实现了货位路径协同优化.实验结果验证了本文提出的智能仓储协同优化算法的有效性和稳定性.通过使用该算法可有效提高仓储的出货效率,降低运输成本.