高应变率下SFRC三轴劈拉强度实验研究

通过建立一种简单可行的混凝土多轴动态强度测试方法,对球型混凝土试样进行对比实验研究,应用该方法在试样承受对径荷载时可以近似为三轴压-拉-拉应力状态,通过直接测量对径荷载从而间接求出材料的劈拉强度。通过实验对比不同应变率下的球型试样劈拉强度可以得出劈拉强度随着应变率的增大而提高,对比不同钢纤维掺量下的球形试样劈拉强度可以得出一定范围内的钢纤维掺量能提高混凝土的劈拉强度,尤其在高应变率下的提高幅度更为明显。     

高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料单轴受拉特性

高韧性PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料具有很高的能量吸收能力,但强度通常较低,采用我国地方材料资源和工业废料,可制备出高强度同时极限变形量满足实际工程要求的高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料(HPFRCC),以应用于高层抗震建筑结构的关键部位。通过单轴受拉强度和变形特性试验,研究PVA纤维体积率、粉煤灰掺量、硅灰掺量、水胶比及砂胶比对HPFRCC抗拉性能的影响,研究结果表明:随着PVA纤维体积掺量的增加,HPFRCC的抗拉强度与极限拉应变增大;大掺量粉煤灰替代水泥及增大水胶比可降低HPFRCC的抗拉强度,但明显改善其受拉应变硬化特性;HPFRCC中掺入适量硅灰及细砂可提高其抗拉强度,但极限拉应变降低,尤其当砂胶比较大时,HPFRCC的受拉应变硬化现象不明显;基于细观力学模型,分析了各因素对HPFRCC拉伸应变硬化特性影响的原因,研究结果可为今后HPFRCC的实际工程应用提供基础依据。     

纳米二氧化硅改性超高韧性水泥基复合材料冲击压缩试验研究

该文采用Ф80 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆装置,研究了纳米改性后的UHTCC（ultra high toughness cementitious composites）在高速冲击压缩应力状态下的力学响应,并与常规UHTCC材料、钢纤维混凝土进行了对比。试验得到了各组材料在准静态和动态共计4组应变率（2.36×10-5 s-1、120 s-1、160 s-1、200 s-1）下的准静态压缩强度及冲击压缩应力-应变曲线,并计算了各组试件的耗能能力。为了进一步优化材料的抗冲击性能,该文还研究了纳米改性后的UHTCC基体中钢纤维和PVA纤维的混杂效果。试验结果表明:5组材料均具有应变率敏感性,峰值应力和耗能能力随着应变率的增大而上升;经过纳米改性后的UHTCC材料冲击压缩力学强度及耗能能力明显提高;在冲击荷载下,钢纤维和PVA纤维产生正混杂效应,提高钢纤维掺量可以强化UHTCC的抗冲击能力;应变率的大小和钢纤维的掺量之间的关系影响了动态峰值应力的提升。     

纳米碳纤维增强混凝土动态劈拉破坏的能耗规律研究

采用Φ100 mm SHPB试验装置对纳米碳纤维(CNFs)体积掺量为0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.5%的纳米碳纤维增强混凝土(CNFRC)进行了动态劈拉试验，分析了CNFRC动态劈拉破坏的能耗规律，并与碳纤维(CFs)体积掺量为0.3%的碳纤维增强混凝土(CFRC)进行了对比分析。结果表明：在动态劈拉破坏过程中，随着入射能平均变化率的增大，混凝土的应变率不断增大。采用二次多项式能较好地拟合应变率随入射能平均变化率的变化规律。CNFs可“加固”混凝土内部结构，从而使得CNFRC的应变率较普通混凝土小。CNFRC的吸收能具有明显的应变率效应和入射能平均变化率效应。在分析混凝土内部能量耗散时，建议采用入射能平均变化率作为自变量。CNFs可以提高混凝土的吸能特性和强度。入射能平均变化率相同时，随着CNFs掺量的增大，CNFRC的吸收能和动态劈拉强度均先增大后减小。CNFs掺量为0.3%时，CNFRC的吸收能和动态劈拉强度均最大。入射能平均变化率相同时，CNFs对混凝土强度的提高效果较CFs差，对混凝土吸能特性的提高效果接近CFs。     

纤维高强混凝土的动态力学性能试验研究

为研究纤维高强混凝土材料在冲击荷载下的动态压缩性能,采用大尺寸φ75mm Hopkinson压杆,对三种纤维含量的钢纤维高强混凝土、PVA纤维高强混凝土试件进行了三种应变率范围的冲击压缩试验,得到了它们在较高应变率范围内的动态应力-应变关系。试验表明纤维高强混凝土材料为应变率敏感性材料,在较高应变率范围内纤维高强混凝土材料的动态应力-应变关系是与应变率相关的。纤维高强混凝土材料的破坏应力和破坏应变随应变率的增大而增大。钢纤维和PVA纤维对混凝土耗能能力的改善和提高表现在材料达到峰值应力后开始破坏的过程中。同时也对两种纤维高强混凝土材料的纤维增韧特性及耗能机理也进行了分析和探讨。     

硅灰增强混杂纤维水泥基灌浆料与老混凝土粘结强度研究

通过四因素四水平正交试验进行硅灰增强混杂纤维水泥基灌浆料与老混凝土粘结强度的研究,选取硅灰掺量、钢纤维类型、钢纤维掺量和PVA纤维掺量作为研究因素,设定相应的水平。对粘结试块进行双面剪切试验和劈裂抗拉试验,运用极差分析上述因素和相应水平对粘结强度的影响。结果表明,当硅灰掺量为9%、长度35 mm端钩型钢纤维掺量为1.2%、PVA纤维掺量为0.5%时,粘结强度显著。基于正交试验结果,通过四组对比试验,研究了纤维对水泥基灌浆料与老混凝土粘结的界面剪切特性和劈拉破坏形态的影响。结果表明,当长度35 mm端钩型钢纤维与PVA纤维掺量分别为1.2%和0.5%混杂时,粘结试块的剪切变形性能和劈裂抗拉强度显著提高,表现出较强的粘结性能。     

纤维掺量对聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料动态压缩性能的影响

为探究超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)的动态本构关系及纤维体积掺量对聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVAFRCC)动态力学性能的影响,基于Φ80 mm霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置分别对不同纤维体积分数(Ovol%、0.5vol%、1vol%、1.5vol%、2vol%)的PVAFRCC试件进行冲击压缩试验,得到各类型材料在不同应变率下的应力-应变曲线。结果表明:在约110～270 s~(-1)的应变率范围内,与纤维掺量0vol%的基体(PVAFRCC-0)相比PVA纤维的掺入对动态强度增强因子(μ_(DIF))、冲击韧性和抗破碎能力有明显提高作用,并随纤维掺量的增加而进一步增强;掺2vol%PVA纤维UHTCC(即PVAFRCC-2)试件的μ_(DIF)和冲击韧性与基体相比分别提高了约33%～37%和27%～33%,其破碎产物的平均粒径是基体破碎产物的5.9～6.8倍。基于Weibull分布理论提出了适用于掺2vol%PVA纤维UHTCC试件的动态压缩本构模型。     

ECC冲击压缩力学特性及耗能机制的试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

基于分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB)装置对工程水泥基复合材料(engineered cementitious composite, ECC)在14.8~16.3 s^(-1),31.8~36.5 s^(-1),57.8~65.5 s^(-1),167.3~200.2 s^(-1)4个应变率范围下进行冲击压缩试验,探究ECC在不同应变率下的动态力学特性及耗能机制。试验表明:ECC的动态抗压强度和动态峰值应变呈现出显著的应变率增强效应,在低应变率下纤维掺量对ECC动态抗压强度和峰值应变的增加作用较强,在高应变率增强作用不明显;纤维掺量对ECC在不同应变率的应力应变曲线具有类似的影响,在低应变率下纤维掺量对ECC应力应变曲线形态的影响大于高应变率;ECC的耗能能力与破坏形态有关,在能耗比达到90%以上时,纤维掺量为2.00%和2.30%的ECC的完整度是基体材料的4倍,充分体现了ECC在抗爆加固领域的优势,为ECC在抗爆抗冲击领域的应用提供技术参考。     

温度对PVA/ECC动态压缩性能影响

为研究不同温度、不同聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维体积掺量和不同应变率对高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA/ECC)动态压缩性能的影响,采用直径50 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB),对高温浸水冷却后的PVA/ECC进行了冲击压缩试验,结果表明：当温度≥250℃,PVA/ECC试件冲击破坏后的整体性变差,应力-应变曲线更趋于扁平,其动态峰值应变提高不明显但动态峰值应力、冲击韧度显著降低,且高温对较大纤维体积掺量PVA/ECC动态峰值应力、冲击韧度的劣化效应更明显;温度≤150℃时,增大PVA纤维体积掺量,PVA/ECC动态峰值应力、峰值应变和冲击韧度均明显提高,但当温度≥250℃时,增大PVA纤维体积掺量,PVA/ECC动态峰值应变增大,而冲击韧度的提高幅度显著降低且动态峰值应力下降;高温水冷后的PVA/ECC仍具有明显的应变率效应,但温度≥150℃后,其抗压强度的应变率敏感性有所降低。     

PVA及玄武岩纤维对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

在水泥基复合材料中掺入适量纤维可显著改善其物理力学性能,但有机-无机混杂纤维对水泥材料性能的影响目前研究不多。进行了单掺PVA纤维、单掺玄武岩纤维以及复掺两种纤维的水泥基复合材料力学性能实验。结果表明,单掺1.6%(体积分数)的短PVA纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度降低7%、抗压强度提升31%、折压比降低24%;单掺0.3%(体积分数)的短玄武岩纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度降低8%、抗压强度提升15.7%、折压比降低20%;掺0.3%(体积分数)短玄武岩纤维和0.5%(体积分数)短PVA纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度几乎无影响,抗压强度显著提升,折压比相对减少,其综合性能最优。     

碳酸钙晶须对混杂纤维增强高延性水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

为了探究碳酸钙晶须对钢纤维/PVA混杂纤维增强高延性水泥基复合材料(HyFRHDCC)力学性能的影响,利用2%体积掺量的廉价碳酸钙晶须替代部分纤维,研究了不同纤维掺量HyFRHDCC的压缩性能和拉伸性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了HyFRHDCC的微观结构。研究结果表明,引入碳酸钙晶须能够提高HyFRHDCC的初裂拉伸应变和峰前压缩韧性;在1.5%PVA+0.25%钢纤维HyFRHDCC中掺入2%碳酸钙晶须可以改善材料的拉伸性能;当PVA纤维减少至1%时,HyFRHDCC出现了明显的应变软化行为。微观形貌分析发现,碳酸钙晶须能够通过裂纹偏转、晶须拔出以及裂缝桥联等微观机制改善HyFRHDCC的应变硬化行为。     

Mechanical properties of ceramic fiber-reinforced concrete under quasi-static and dynamic compression

The research herein is made on the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of ceramic fiber reinforced concrete (CRFRC for short) through the adoption of a hydraulically-driven testing system as well as a 100-mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. As test results have turned out, such quasi-static properties as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of CRFRC increase with the rise in the volume fraction of fiber. Within the strain range of 20–120 s⁻¹, the effect of the axial strain acceleration on the dynamic strength of CRFRC could be ignored. Therefore, the dynamic increase ratio (DIF) derived from SHPB tests can truly reflect the dynamic enhancement of CRFRC. The dynamic strength, critical strain and specific energy absorption (SEA) of CRFRC are sensitive to the strain rate. The addition of ceramic fiber to plain concrete can significantly improve its properties—dynamic strength, critical strain and energy absorption. And also, an analysis is conducted of the mechanism for strengthening and toughening the concrete.     

聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥复合材料板的冲切性能

利用MTS试验机对聚乙烯醇纤维(PVA)/水泥复合材料板进行准静态冲切试验,研究了不同PVA纤维掺量对其破坏形态和承载力的影响。结果表明:掺入PVA纤维能够将水泥基板的破坏形态由脆性破坏转为延性破坏。PVA/水泥复合材料板的冲切极限荷载和耗能能力均随PVA纤维掺量增加而增大,其中耗能能力的增大更显著。进一步采用Instron 落锤冲击系统对PVA纤维体积分数为2vol%的PVA/水泥复合材料板进行动力冲切试验,研究冲切速度(2.0~4.2 m/s)对PVA/水泥复合材料板的破坏形态、初裂荷载、极限荷载、初始刚度及耗能性能的影响。结果表明:与准静态试验相比,冲切荷载作用下PVA/水泥复合材料板的极限荷载增大,而耗能减少;此外相对初裂荷载和耗能,极限荷载的冲切速度相关性最显著。基于上述结果,构建了纤维增强水泥复合材料四线型拉伸本构模型,并通过反算模型和塑性铰线方法对纤维增强水泥复合材料板的冲切力学性能进行模拟,并得到材料的本构参数。本研究可以为PVA/水泥复合材料的抗冲切设计提供技术支撑。      

纤维增强水泥薄板及其复合梁抗弯性能研究

实验研究了纤维对水泥基复合材料抗弯性能的影响.结果表明,聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强挤压脱水成型板材在弯曲荷载作用下呈现多点开裂、应变硬化的特性,具有良好的延性,聚丙烯(PP)纤维增强挤压脱水成型板材呈应变软化的特性,木纤维增强挤压脱水成型板材则呈脆性破坏;与普通混凝土梁相比,冷浇和热浇纤维增强板-混凝土组合梁的抗弯强度...     

Improved fiber distribution and mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites by adjusting the mixing sequence

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a class of ultra ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites, characterized by high ductility and tight crack width control. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber with a diameter of 39 μm and a length of 6-12 mm is often used. Unlike plain concrete and normal fiber reinforced concrete, ECC shows a strain-hardening behavior under tensile load. Apart from the mix design, the fiber distribution is another crucial factor for the mechanical properties of ECC, especially the ductility. In order to obtain a good fiber distribution, the plastic viscosity of the ECC mortar before adding fibers needs to be controlled, for example, by adjusting water-to-powder ratio or chemical admixtures. However, such adjustments have some limitations and may result in poor mechanical properties of ECC. This research explores an innovative approach to improve the fiber distribution by adjusting the mixing sequence. With the standard mixing sequence, fibers are added after all solid and liquid materials are mixed. The undesirable plastic viscosity before the fiber addition may cause poor fiber distribution and results in poor hardened properties. With the adjusted mixing sequence, the mix of solid materials with the liquid material is divided into two steps and the addition of fibers is between the two steps. In this paper, the influence of different water mixing sequences is investigated by comparing the experimental results of the uniaxial tensile test and the fiber distribution analysis. Compared with the standard mixing sequence, the adjusted mixing sequence increases the tensile strain capacity and ultimate tensile strength of ECC and improves the fiber distribution. This concept is further applied in the development of ECC with high volume of sand.     

水灰比对PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料性能和显微结构的影响

对3种不同水灰比(0.2,0.4,0.65)形成的聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基材料,通过三点弯曲试验,结合表观裂缝形状和裂缝处PVA纤维形态,研究了水灰比对材料弯曲性能的影响;通过对断裂面处纤维表面、纤维嵌入端和纤维拉断或拔出端的SEM影像分析,从微观层面研究了水灰比对PVA纤维-基体界面显微结构的影响。弯曲试验结果表明:随着水灰比增加,跨中部位裂缝数量明显增加,裂缝处拔出的纤维数量增多而拉断的数量减少,材料的弯曲韧度和开裂强度到弯曲强度的增强幅度提高。界面显微结构表明:随着水灰比增加,基体结构由致密变疏松,界面粘结力减弱,桥接裂缝的PVA纤维状态由瞬间猝断转变为滑动拔出且表面有轻微刮削,纤维对材料增强增韧的效率显著提高。     

基于图像处理的纤维分布与取向分布对水泥基材料弯曲性能的影响

聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基材料的弯曲性能与纤维在水泥基体内的分布和取向分布相关。采用抛光断面后涂荧光粉的显微成像法,基于图像处理程序对PVA纤维在水泥基材料中的分布和取向分布进行量化测定,对不同基体结构特征影响纤维分布的机理进行了讨论。结合弯曲试验结果,研究了纤维分布和取向分布对材料弯曲性能的影响。纤维分布测定结果表明,均匀的基体结构特征利于纤维的分布,同时对于材料组分和加工制作过程完全相同的试件,纤维分布系数越大,试件的弯曲强度与韧性越大;纤维取向分布测定结果表明,乱向分布的纤维当其长度方向与抛光断面方向的角度接近90°分布概率越大,试件的弯曲韧性也越大。     

高聚物纤维材料的高应变率响应行为研究

利用MTS和旋转盘式杆－杆型冲击拉伸试验装置，在高应变率、大应变率范围条件下（Aramid:0.01/s-1000/s;PVA:0.01/s-1500/s），研究了应变率对芳纶纤维和高强PVA纤维束力学性能的影响；同时，利用扫描电子显微镜考察了纤维材料在不同应变率下的微观断裂机理。     

High strain rate effects on direct tensile behavior of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites

Direct tensile behavior of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCCs) at high strain rates between 10 s⁻¹ and 30 s⁻¹ was investigated using strain energy frame impact machine (SEFIM) built by authors. Six series of HPFRCC combining three variables including two types of fiber, hooked (H) and twisted (T) steel fiber, two fiber volume contents, 1% and 1.5%, and two matrix strengths, 56 MPa and 81 MPa, were investigated. The influence of these three variables on the high strain rate effects on the direct tensile behavior of HPFRCCs was analyzed based on the test results. All series of HPFRCCs showed strongly sensitive tensile behavior at high strain rates, i.e., much higher post cracking strength, strain capacity, and energy absorption capacity at high strain rates than at static rate. However, the enhancement was different according to the types of fiber, fiber volume content and matrix strength: HPFRCCs with T-fibers produced higher impact resistance than those with H-fibers; and matrix strength was more influential, than fiber contents, for the high strain rate sensitivity. In addition, an attempt to predict the dynamic increase factor (DIF) of post cracking strength for HPFRCCs considering the influences of fiber type and matrix strength was made.     

Multiple effects of nano-SiO2 and hybrid fibers on properties of high toughness fiber reinforced cementitious composites with high-volume fly ash

This article explores multiple effects of nano-SiO₂ and hybrid fibers on the flowability, microstructure and flexural properties of high toughness fiber reinforced cementitious composites. Only a little negative influences of nano-SiO₂ and hybrid fibers on the flowability are observed. SEM and MIP analysis reveal that nano-SiO₂ results in much smaller pore size in the composites. However, the porosity increases gradually with nano-SiO₂ addition. Three-point bending test results show that nano-SiO₂ increases the flexural strength of the composites with nearly equivalent deformability, but higher strength of the matrix leads to wider cracks. Due to larger volume fraction and higher modulus, hybrid fibers effectively mitigate this adverse influence on crack width and further enhance the flexural strength. The composites reinforced with 1.4% steel fiber and 2.5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber exhibit the best flexural properties in the test. Finally, a simplified model is proposed to illustrate the reinforced mechanism of steel-PVA fibers.