基于裂纹附加模态的梁裂纹损伤识别方法

将梁中横向开裂纹等效为内部扭转弹簧,利用广义Delta函数和Heaviside函数,给出了具有任意条裂纹Euler-Bernoulli梁振动模态的统一显式解析表达式。在此基础上,引入裂纹附加模态的概念,并根据裂纹附加模态函数的构造特征,利用最小二乘拟合,建立了一种新的裂纹损伤参数识别方法。该方法计算简单,且仅需较少的测量点及测量点处某一模态的测量数据即可实现裂纹位置及深度的识别。最后,通过两个数值算例验证了裂纹损伤参数识别方法的适用性和可靠性,并考察了测量噪声对损伤识别的影响,结果表明裂纹位置识别精度高于裂纹等效弹簧刚度识别精度;前面裂纹识别结果影响后续裂纹的识别结果;随着测量噪声的增加,裂纹位置及裂纹等效弹簧刚度的识别误差增加,但仍在可接受的范围内,故该裂纹损伤识别方法在工程实际中具有一定的适用性。     

悬臂梁裂纹参数识别方法研究

基于Bernoulli-Euler梁振动理论,以等效弹簧来模拟裂纹引起的局部软化效应,推导了含裂纹悬臂梁振动频率的特征方程,直接利用该特征方程,提出一种有效估计裂纹参数的优化方法,通过测量频率和分析频率误差,用目标函数最小化可识别裂纹参数-裂纹位置和裂纹深度.最后,应用含裂纹悬臂梁实验来说明本文方法的有效性.实验结果表明只需梁结构前三阶频率即可识别裂纹位置和深度.在测量频率存在较小误差情况下,该方法能给出比较准确的裂纹参数识别结果,在误差较大情况下,仍可为更精确的局部探测给出大致范围,此外,利用高阶频率来识别裂纹参数可能使该目标函数产生不规律的变化,甚至得到错误的识别结果.     

基于小波有限元的悬臂梁裂纹识别

研究了悬臂梁裂纹识别中的正反问题．即通过裂纹位置和尺寸求解梁的固有频率以及利用梁的固有频率．识别裂纹位置和尺寸。以矩形截面裂纹悬臂梁为例，利用小波有限元方法建立了梁自由振动的有限元模型．其中裂纹被看作为一刚度已知的扭转线弹簧，求解出了系统的固有频率；通过行列式变换，将反问题求解简化为只含线弹簧刚度一个未知数的一元二次方程求根问题，分别做出了以不同固有频率作为输入值时裂纹位置与弹簧刚度之间的解曲线，曲线交点预测出裂纹的位置与尺寸。数值算例证实了算法的有效性，为工程结构裂纹故障预示与诊断提供了新的方法。     

一阶摄动与遗传算法结合进行平面刚架裂纹识别

含裂纹的梁单元刚度矩阵是裂纹位置与深度函数,本文通过摄动法建立起裂纹梁单元风景工矩阵的变化与结构固有变化之间的关系,然后利用遗传算法导求测试的和计算的固的频率发迹量均方差最小值,从而识别出平面刚架的裂纹位置与深度。对悬臂梁的实测数据分析及三层平面框架的数值计算,表明该方法能有效地识别梁的裂纹位置和深度,且计算量小。     

含裂纹功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁和Timoshenko梁的屈曲载荷计算与分析

含裂纹构件的屈曲载荷是结构是否安全的判定准则之一, 其计算与分析也是结构健康监测和安全评价中关注的重要问题。基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论和Timoshenko梁理论, 建立了一种求解含裂纹功能梯度材料梁的屈曲载荷计算方法。首先裂纹导致的构件截面转角不连续性由转动弹簧模型进行模拟, 再根据功能梯度材料Euler-Bernoulli梁和Timoshenko梁的屈曲控制方程及其闭合解, 由传递矩阵法建立了求解含裂纹功能梯度材料梁在多种边界条件下屈曲载荷的循环递推公式和特征行列式, 使问题通过降阶的方法得到快速准确的解答。数值算例研究了剪切变形、 裂纹的不同数目及位置、 材料参数变化、 长细比和不同边界约束条件等对含裂纹功能梯度材料梁屈曲载荷的影响。结果表明该方法可以简单、 方便和准确地计算不同数目裂纹和任意边界条件下功能梯度材料梁的屈曲问题。      

基于高阶有限元方法的裂纹斜梁振动特性分析

裂纹结构的动力学建模和仿真是裂纹故障定量识别的前提和基础.为建立高效而精确的裂纹斜梁动力学辨识模型,采用具有正交特性的勒让德正交多项式作为梁横向位移场的附加高阶形函数,推导出了具有解析形式的斜梁单元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,同时利用断裂力学和能量原理得到了裂纹单元的刚度方程,并建立了含裂纹斜梁的高阶有限元动力分析模型.数值算例表明该方法在计算效率和精度方面均有良好的表现,为斜梁的裂纹识别提供了有效的计算方法.     

含裂纹功能梯度材料梁结构的振动功率流特性分析

功能梯度材料(FGM)梁在工程中应用日益广泛,而梁中裂纹的存在改变了局部刚度等特性,使得功能梯度材料梁的振动和波传播特性发生改变。以含有张开型裂纹的功能梯度梁为对象分析其波传播和振动功率流特性。利用转动弹簧模型模拟裂纹,给出由裂纹引起的局部柔度表达式。建立无限长FGM欧拉梁结构的动力学方程,采用波动法结合梁的连续条件计算得到FGM欧拉梁的振动特性,对无缺陷梁和裂纹梁的输入功率流和传播功率流进行分析。讨论了材料梯度指数、激励频率、裂纹深度和裂纹位置等信息与输入功率流、传播功率流之间的关系,为基于振动功率流的裂纹FGM梁的损伤识别提供理论基础。     

含裂纹梁的动力响应

本文提出了一种计算含裂纹梁动力响应的有限元方法.采用时域方法辨识出模态参数,所得固有频率随裂纹长度和位置的变化值与实验结果吻合较好.计算了裂纹闭合而引起的结构响应变化,指出:外激励均值对固有频率影响较显著.最后,给出了判断裂纹位置的方法:用一阶振型和固有频率的差异确定;由不同测点频响函数变化来估计.     

基于谱元法的复合材料裂纹梁Lamb波传播特性研究

基于谱元法提出了一种弹簧元来模拟复合材料梁由于横向裂纹导致的轴弯耦合效应,分析复合材料裂纹梁中Lamb波的传播特性。由断裂力学的相关知识求得弹簧元的刚度,建立复合材料裂纹梁的损伤谱元模型。通过模拟复合材料裂纹梁内Lamb波传播,并和传统的有限元结果进行比较,验证了所提出模型的可行性和有效性。推导了频域内Lamb波各模态的能量计算公式,裂纹处的能量守恒证明了所提出模型的正确性,同时计算表明复合材料梁中裂纹处反射与透射的Lamb波各模态能量随着裂纹深度的变化规律具有单调性,结论可以为定量识别复合材料梁裂纹提供实用依据。     

基于转角模态小波分析的弹性地基梁损伤识别研究

基于转角模态小波变换研究了带刚度下降段的弹性地基梁损伤识别问题,提出了采用文克尔地基力学模型,用等效刚度代替梁内损伤段的刚度,通过有限元计算求解损伤梁的转角模态参数,来识别梁内刚度下降段位置的方法.以两端简支弹性地基梁为例,分别考虑了梁单独损伤、弹簧单独损伤、梁和弹簧同时损伤且损伤位置不同的三种情况,通过建立带损伤段梁的有限元模型,用Lanczos法对结构的转角模态进行了计算分析;再应用mexh小波对其进行连续小波变换,通过小波系数模极大值点判断梁内刚度下降段的位置.数值算例验证了方法的有效性,研究对工程结构损伤诊断的应用具有参考价值.     

基于小波分析的Timoshenko梁裂缝识别研究

采用等效转动弹簧代替梁内的不扩展横向裂缝,研究Timoshenko裂缝梁的横向振动特性,建立了一种与有限元分析相结合的、基于模态参数的小波分析识别Timoshenko梁内裂缝的方法。以一简支梁为例,通过建立含横向不扩展裂缝的Timoshenko梁的有限元模型,用Lanczos法对结构的模态进行了计算分析,求出了基本振型和转角模态。分别应用mexh小波和db小波为母小波对二者做小波变换,进行多尺度分析,通过小波系数模极大值位置识别出梁内的裂缝。并对识别结果进行对比,发现识别Timoshenko梁裂缝时,基于转角模态小波变换的方法对小波基、尺度的要求较低,变换后的小波系数线更为平滑,奇异性特征更为明显,故运用转角模态小波变换来识别Timoshenko梁裂缝,较之运用基本振型小波变换的方法更为方便、有效。该方法对Timoshenko梁裂缝识别的工程应用具有参考价值。     

Dynamic behaviour of edge-cracked shear deformable functionally graded beams on an elastic foundation under a moving load

This paper studies the dynamic response of functionally graded beams with an open edge crack resting on an elastic foundation subjected to a transverse load moving at a constant speed. It is assumed that the material properties follow an exponential variation through the thickness direction. Theoretical formulations are based on Timoshenko beam theory to account for the transverse shear deformation. The cracked beam is modeled as an assembly of two sub-beams connected through a linear rotational spring. The governing equations of motion are derived by using Hamilton’s principle and transformed into a set of dynamic equations through Galerkin’s procedure. The natural frequencies and dynamic response with different end supports are obtained. Numerical results are presented to investigate the influences of crack location, crack depth, material property gradient, slenderness ratio, foundation stiffness parameters, velocity of the moving load and boundary conditions on both free vibration and dynamic response of cracked functionally graded beams.     

Analytical solutions for free and forced vibrations of a multiple cracked Timoshenko beam subject to a concentrated moving load

An analytical approach for evaluating the forced vibration response of uniform beams with an arbitrary number of open edge cracks excited by a concentrated moving load is developed in this research. For this purpose, the cracked beam is modeled using beam segments connected by rotational massless linear elastic springs with sectional flexibility, and each segment of the continuous beam is assumed to satisfy Timoshenko beam theory. In this method, the equivalent spring stiffness does not depend on the frequency of vibration and is obtained from fracture mechanics. Considering suitable compatibility requirements at cracked sections and corresponding boundary conditions, characteristic equations of free vibration response are derived. Then, forced vibration response is treated under a moving load with a constant velocity. Using the determined eigenfunctions, the forced vibration response may be obtained by the modal superposition method. Finally, some parametric studies are presented to show the effects of crack parameters and moving load velocity.     

简支梁裂纹位置识别的一种简单方法

由等效线弹簧来模拟裂纹引起的软化效应,基于铁摩辛柯梁理论得到含裂纹简支梁横向振动的频率计算式,由此获得识别裂纹位置的一种近似方法。文中利用梁的二维有限元模态分析数据进行裂纹位置的识别,结果表明该法在较宽的高跨比范围内,有好的效果;裂纹的深度对识别精度影响不大。     

Dynamic response of a cracked beam subject to a moving load

Summary The dynamic response of a beam with a single-sided crack subject to a moving load on the opposite side is analyzed using Euler beam theory and the assumed mode method. The beam is modeled as two separate beams divided by the crack. Two different sets of admissible functions which satisfy the respective geometric boundary conditions are assumed for these two fictitious sub-beams. The rotational discontinuity at the crack is modeled by a torsional spring with an equivalent spring constant for the crack. The transverse deflection at the crack is matched by a linear spring of very large stiffness. Results of numerical simulations are presented for various combinations of constant axial velocity of the moving load and the crack size.     

An analytical method for free vibration analysis of Timoshenko beam theory applied to cracked nanobeams using a nonlocal elasticity model

This paper is concerned with the free transverse vibration of cracked nanobeams modeled after Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory and Timoshenko beam theory. The cracked beam is modeled as two segments connected by a rotational spring located at the cracked section. This model promotes discontinuities in rotational displacement due to bending which is proportional to bending moment transmitted by the cracked section. The governing equations of cracked nanobeams with two symmetric and asymmetric boundary conditions are derived; then these equations are solved analytically based on concerning basic standard trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Besides, the frequency parameters and the vibration modes of cracked nanobeams for variant crack positions, crack ratio, and small scale effect parameters are calculated. The vibration solutions obtained provide a better representation of the vibration behavior of short, stubby, micro/nanobeams where the effects of small scale, transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are significant.     

基于回传射线矩阵法的含裂缝智能梁的动态特性

基于压电阻抗（EMI）技术和回传射线矩阵法（RMM）对含裂缝智能梁进行了振动特性研究,提出了修正的理论模型,使得压电阻抗信号能与结构裂缝的各物理参数定量地联系起来。采用Timoshenko梁理论描述了含裂缝梁的弯曲振动特性。结构裂缝模拟为具有一定刚度的转动弹簧。对于黏贴有压电片的结构元件,把它作为压电片－粘结剂－主体梁这一耦合结构系统加以考察。最后推导出包含了结构裂缝信息的压电阻抗的解析表达式。基于该模型,与实验数据以及其它研究结果进行了对比分析。最后,考察了各物理参数对压电阻抗信号的影响。 .     

Parametric instability of functionally graded beams with an open edge crack under axial pulsating excitation

This paper studies the parametric instability of functionally graded beams with an open edge crack subjected to an axial pulsating excitation which is a combination of a static compressive force and a harmonic excitation force. It is assumed that the materials properties follow an exponential variation through the thickness direction. Theoretical formulations are based on Timoshenko beam theory and linear rotational spring model. The governing equations of motion are derived by using Hamilton’s principle and transformed into a set of Mathieu equations through Galerkin’s procedure. The natural frequencies with different end supports are obtained. The boundary points on the unstable regions are determined by using Bolotin’s method. Numerical results are presented to highlight the influences of crack location, crack depth, material property gradient, beam slenderness ratio, compressive load, and boundary conditions on both the free vibration and parametric instability behaviors of the cracked functionally graded beams.     

基于响应的梁损伤识别

采用扭转弹簧模拟悬臂梁的损伤，导出了损伤梁位移模态和转角模态的近似公式，获得了损伤梁在单点激励下，零初始条件的位移和转角响应。发现损伤梁的转角响应在损伤处发生阶跃变化，而损伤梁的转角响应对位置的一阶偏导数在损伤处有脉冲两数型突变的特点，从而提出了基于损伤梁转角响应的损伤判据函数。通过对损伤梁和损伤桁架结构的数值模拟，表明提出的判据函数不仅可以利用简谐激励下的响应识别梁的损伤，电可以利用冲击激励下的响应识别桁架的损伤。实验结果表明利用所提出的判据函数，可以同时判别损伤的位置和损伤的程度。