铜离子与葡萄糖协同补料对球头三型孢菌产赤藓糖醇的影响

为考察葡萄糖和铜离子盐协同补料发酵对球头三型孢菌产赤藓糖醇的影响,在5L发酵罐中先采用不同浓度的葡萄糖进行分批发酵,然后采用优化的葡萄糖浓度并添加CuSO₄·5H₂O进行发酵研究。结果表明,初始葡萄糖浓度为300g/L的赤藓糖醇产量最大为44.52g/L,其体积生产速率为0.371g/（L·h）、转化率为0.167g/g。在此浓度葡萄糖的基础上添加30mg/L的CuSO₄·5H₂O后,赤藓糖醇产量达到49.62g/L,提高了11.5%。进一步控制总糖浓度为300g/L,且初始浓度为200g/L,分别进行单独补糖和协同补糖与铜离子的补料发酵,结果赤藓糖醇产量分别为47.25g/L和55.31g/L,比初始300g/L的葡萄糖分批发酵分别提高了6.1%和24.2%。特别地,协同补糖与CuSO₄·5H₂O后,赤藓糖还原酶（erythrose reductase,ER）的活性在84h达到最大,为0.152U/mg,比单独补糖时提高了18.8%;通过铜离子盐和葡萄糖的协同补料发酵可显著提高赤藓糖醇的产量,最终使赤藓糖醇产率达到0.461g/（L·h）。     

利用甘蔗糖蜜与乳清粉厌氧发酵制备丁二酸

考察了甘蔗糖蜜替代昂贵葡萄糖作为碳源、乳清粉替代大部分酵母粉作为氮源时,对Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113发酵制备丁二酸的影响。血清瓶厌氧发酵结果证明：对照组（葡萄糖40 g/L）的丁二酸产量仅为26.04 g/L,而以糖蜜为碳源（以总还原糖计算为40 g/L）时,丁二酸产量达到28.27 g/L,比对照组提高了8.57%。在此基础上,以糖蜜为碳源、不同比例的乳清粉和酵母粉为混合氮源发酵制备丁二酸,确定了糖蜜、乳清粉和酵母粉混合使用的最佳浓度分别为40 g/L、8 g/L和2 g/L。此外,在3 L发酵罐体系中添加40 g/L糖蜜、8 g/L乳清粉、2 g/L酵母粉进行发酵试验,实验结果证明：丁二酸终产量达到32.54 g/L,收率达到81.13%。     

A.Succinogenes甘油利用突变株对丁二酸合成的影响

以葡萄糖为碳源利用A.succinogenes NJ113生产丁二酸时,副产物乙酸较高,以A.succinogenes NJ113为出发菌,采用自主设计的连续培养装置,筛选利用甘油能力较强的突变株,最终筛选到一株能够利用浓度达到8 g/L的突变株ZH99。此突变株在以27 g/L的葡萄糖和3 g/L的甘油作为碳源,在血清瓶中厌氧发酵,丁二酸产量达到20.81g/L,比原始菌株的丁二酸的量20.42 g/L稍有提高,同时,乙酸的浓度仅为5.02 g/L,比对照组(仅以葡萄糖为碳源)降低了38.25%,效果显著。     

Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113产丁二酸过程中的底物抑制

研究了分批发酵条件下以葡萄糖作为底物对产琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus succinogene NJ113发酵产丁二酸的影响,针对底物抑制现象,采用变速补料控制发酵罐中葡萄糖浓度的补料分批发酵方式.结果表明,发酵过程中将葡萄糖浓度控制在0～10g/L,以Na2CO3作为pH调节剂,经26h厌氧发酵,消耗60g/L葡萄糖,能积累45.27g/L丁二酸,得率达75.45%,生产强度为1.74g/(L·h),比初始葡萄糖浓度为60g/L的分批发酵周期缩短了18.75%,主产物丁二酸的得率和生产强度分别提高了5.44%和31.82%,副产物甲酸产量有所减少,而乙酸产量有所增加.通过代谢网络中相关酶的酶活分析,解析了补料过程中主副产物的分布.     

响应面优化木糖母液发酵产丁二酸

对产琥珀酸放线杆菌（Actinobacillus succinogenes）GXAS137发酵木糖母液产丁二酸的条件进行优化,探索利用废弃木糖母液合成高附加值丁二酸的可行性。首先通过Plackett-Burman实验设计确定影响丁二酸发酵的显著因子,然后采用最陡爬坡实验逼近各显著因子的最优区域,最后通过Box-Behnken实验设计确定各因子的最优水平。影响木糖母液发酵产丁二酸的显著因子及最优浓度分别为：木糖母液64.75g/L,玉米浆15.71g/L,碱式碳酸镁46.39g/L。在最优发酵培养条件下,丁二酸产量达到38.01g/L,比优化前提高了20.7%,与模型预测值（38.41g/L）基本一致。进一步利用2L发酵罐进行了放大试验,发酵72h丁二酸产量最高可达48.99g/L,较厌氧瓶发酵提高了28.9%,丁二酸得率为0.80g/g总糖。结果表明,采用低价的木糖母液作为底物,可为未来低成本、高效产业化生产丁二酸奠定坚实的基础。     

多纤维素酶协同降解玉米秸秆及水解液微生物油脂发酵研究

以富含纤维二糖酶的黑曲霉酶曲协同降解纤维素水解液,利用油脂微生物转化纤维素水解液生产微生物油脂.研究结果表明,酶曲中的纤维二糖酶可以将纤维素水解液中存在的纤维二糖进一步水解成葡萄糖,而油脂酵母Cryptococus curuatus03又能将葡萄糖迅速转化成微生物油脂储存在体内.cryptococcus curvatus 03利用纤维素水解液(总还原糖质量浓度为31.5 g/L).经过4次补糖,细胞生物量为49.3 g/L,油脂含量达到60.1%质量分数.     

补料分批培养提高转氨酶发酵产酶密度的研究

转氨酶是苯丙酮酸酶法制备L-苯丙氨酸的关键酶源,为提高转氨酶的发酵产酶密度,文章采用补料分批培养方式对大肠杆菌A5发酵产酶进行了研究。优化的补料培养工艺为:初始葡萄糖质量浓度5 g/L,初始氮源体积分数为玉米浆5 mL/L、蛋白胨质量浓度1.5 g/L,控制发酵过程pH值7.5,当葡萄糖质量浓度下降为2 g/L,开始每隔2 h补加质量浓度为120 g/L的葡萄糖溶液,从8 h起每隔2 h补加20 mL/L玉米浆+6 g/L蛋白胨及0.6 g/L的4种氨基酸溶液(L-甲硫氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-异亮氨酸和L-谷氨酸)。在此条件下发酵培养24 h,菌体干质量浓度达10.5 g/L,比优化前产酶量提高了126%。     

pH值反馈控制赖氨酸补料发酵中的碳氮源补加方法

建立了一种基于发酵液pH信号反馈控制赖氨酸发酵中葡萄糖、氨和硫酸铵补加的方法,通过在不同碳源和氮源浓度下进行分批补料发酵,得到葡萄糖、氨和硫酸铵的质量消耗比为15.7:1:1.64. 按此比例配制三者的混合溶液,在补料开始后代替氨水调节pH,可在发酵过程中补加碳源和氮源. 结果表明,利用该补料方式可将葡萄糖浓度维持在8~16 g/L,铵离子浓度维持在1.52~3.38 g/L,可使赖氨酸最大浓度分别比恒基质浓度补料方式和间歇补料方式提高3.6%和17.2%,产酸率提高9.5%和28.8%,糖酸转化率提高4.9%和18.6%.     

发酵生产环氧琥珀酸水解酶的研究

诺卡氏菌环氧琥珀酸水解酶是胞内酶,提高发酵过程酶的产量可以从提高菌体质量浓度和提高比酶活两方面入手。菌体质量浓度和培养基中葡萄糖的质量浓度有关,但葡萄糖质量浓度过高对菌体的生长会有抑制作用,培养基中初始葡萄糖质量浓度为5g/L,在消耗殆尽后以1.3g/(L·h)的速度流加,可以将菌体质量浓度提高到6g/L以上。环氧琥珀酸采用两段式流加,流加结束时比酶活达到3000u/g以上,菌体质量浓度达到了8g/L,与原产酶水平1200u/g和菌体质量浓度4g/L相比有较大的提高。     

丁二酸钠对化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的影响

采用化学镀方法在Q235钢表面施镀Ni-P合金镀层,研究丁二酸钠对Ni-P合金镀层沉积速率、组织和P含量的影响,探究镀液中丁二酸钠的最佳浓度。结果发现,当Ni-P合金镀液中丁二酸钠质量浓度达到18 g/L时,镀层连续致密,表面平整,胞状组织尺寸较小,镀层的质量最好;随着丁二酸钠用量的增加,沉积速率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当丁二酸钠质量浓度达到18 g/L时,沉积速率达到最大值12.785μm/h;镀层中P的质量分数为10.87%。     

大肠杆菌FMME-N-26生产琥珀酸的发酵条件优化和放大

琥珀酸(Succinic acid)被认为是白色生物技术生产的最具潜力的大宗化学品之一,在工业上具有广泛的应用。微生物发酵生产琥珀酸具有环境友好和可持续发展等优点,展现出良好的发展前景,但是存在得率低、副产物积累、生产强度低等问题。为了实现琥珀酸的高效生产,在3.6 L发酵罐中对E. coli FMME-N-26生产琥珀酸发酵条件和补料策略进行了优化,建立了好氧-厌氧两阶段发酵工艺,最终确定发酵策略为：有氧发酵8 h后转为厌氧发酵,MgCO3为pH中和剂,发酵72 h补加抗渗透压保护剂2 mmol/L甜菜碱,厌氧阶段控制葡萄糖浓度为1~5 g/L。优化后发酵72 h,琥珀酸的产量和厌氧阶段得率分别达到119.2 g/L和1.08 g/g葡萄糖(理论得率97%),分别比优化前提高了46.4%和4.8%,副产物乙酸和乳酸仅积累2.37和0.94 g/L,分别比优化前降低了37.1%和49.2%。在1000 L发酵罐中实现中试放大生产,E. coli FMME-N-26生产琥珀酸的产量、得率和生产强度在国内外属于领先水平,为琥珀酸工业化生产奠定了坚实的基础,同时也为其他高价值化学品的生产提供了借鉴。     

利用纤维素水解液中的纤维二糖发酵制备丁二酸

纤维素水解液中通常含有纤维二糖。本文考察了Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113利用纤维二糖厌氧发酵生产丁二酸的能力,并利用蔗渣纤维素制备纤维二糖作为碳源用于厌氧发酵生产丁二酸。3 L发酵罐厌氧发酵结果显示：以35 g/L纤维二糖作为碳源发酵制备丁二酸,其产量为23.51 g/L,产率达到67.17%;用含有18 g/L纤维二糖和17 g/L其它糖类的蔗渣纤维素水解液作为碳源发酵制备丁二酸,丁二酸的产量和产率分别为20.00 g/L和64.73%。因此,Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113具有较强的利用纤维二糖生产丁二酸的能力,而且利用废弃的纤维素制备纤维二糖作为碳源高效、经济地发酵制备丁二酸具有可行性。     

代谢工程改造大肠杆菌生产琥珀酸

琥珀酸（succinic acid）是一种四碳二羧酸,在食品、医药、塑料和化工行业具有广泛的应用。目前,微生物法生产琥珀酸存在得率低、生产强度低、副产物积累等问题。为此,本研究通过复合诱变（ARTP和⁶⁰Co-γ射线）筛选到一株耐高渗突变株FMME-N-2,其琥珀酸得率为0.70g/g葡萄糖,同时积累18.8g/L乳酸、7.6g/L甲酸和17.3g/L乙酸。为了提高琥珀酸得率,通过敲除乳酸脱氢酶基因（ldhA）、丙酮酸-甲酸裂解酶-甲酸转运蛋白基因（pflB-focA）、磷酸转乙酰基基因（pta）、丙酸激酶基因（tdcD）和a-酮丁酸甲酸酯裂解酶基因（tdcE）,阻断冗余代谢支路减少副产物积累,获得工程菌株FMME-N-13,琥珀酸得率增加到0.92g/g葡萄糖,同时副产物大大降低,积累0.6g/L乳酸、3.6g/L甲酸和12.3g/L乙酸。同时,通过调控RBS强度组合优化来自产琥珀酸放线杆菌的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶基因（AsPCK）和来自博伊丁假丝酵母的甲酸脱氢酶基因（CbFDH）的表达水平,调控胞内ATP和NADH的浓度,最优工程菌FMME-N-26（FMME-N-13-L-AsPCK-L-CbFDH）的琥珀酸得率增加至1.04g/g葡萄糖,仅积累5.5g/L乙酸;最终,对厌氧阶段葡萄糖浓度进行优化,当葡萄糖浓度控制在0~5g/L时,菌株FMME-N-26的琥珀酸浓度增加到111.9g/L,得率为1.11g/g葡萄糖（理论产率的99%）,生产强度为1.76g/L/h,为琥珀酸的工业化生产奠定了良好的基础。     

利用改性载体固定化大肠杆菌产琥珀酸

采用聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）和戊二醛（GA）对棉纤维进行化学修饰,考察了载体改性后的性能和对固定化大肠杆菌产丁二酸的影响。改性后的载体菌体负载量提高了63.3%。培养基中葡萄糖浓度为43 g/L,添加改性棉纤维120g/L,以MgCO3为缓冲盐,进行批式发酵,丁二酸浓度达到29.6 g/L,比未改性棉纤维提高了11.3%;丁二酸收率达到70.5%,比改性前提高了7.5%;丁二酸生产速率达到0.66 g/(L?h), 比改性前提高了37.5% 。对该材料固载的细胞进行7次重复批式发酵,丁二酸产量、转化率和产率没有下降趋势,具有一定的重复稳定性。     

Enhanced production of l(+)-lactic acid by floc-form culture of Rhizopus oryzae

A process to optimize l-lactic acid production from glucose by Rhizopus oryzae, based on sustaining floc morphology throughout the fermentation process, is herein performed. During the fermentation, supplementary ammonium sulfate was added intermittently to maintain the ammonia level of the culture medium always higher than 0.1 g/L. With replenish of nitrogen source, mycelia flocs did not aggregate, and the lactic acid production was optimized upon the fermentation being controlled at pH 4.3–4.5 by adding calcium carbonate slurry. In contrast, without supplementary addition of nitrogen source, mycelial clumps formed, resulting in a poor production of lactic acid. In the initial batch fermentation process, the final concentration of lactic acid produced was 109 g/L, with a yield (g lactic acid/g glucose consumed) of 0.87 and a productivity of 2.73 g/L h, using 125 g/L of glucose as substrate. For the first four cycles of repeated-batch fermentation, the average final concentration, the productivity and the yield of lactic acid were 113 g/L, 4.03 g/L h and 0.90, respectively.     

Strategies of pH control and glucose‐fed batch fermentation for production of succinic acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes CGMCC1593

BACKGROUND: Succinic acid is an important precursor of numerous products, including pharmaceuticals, feed additives, green solvents, and biodegradable polymers. In this work, strategies of pH control and glucose‐fed batch fermentation for producing succinic acid using Actinobacillus succinogenes CGMCC1593 were carefully optimized. RESULTS: The production of succinic acid was stable within the pH range 6.0–7.2. Both cell growth and succinic acid production were inhibited by high concentrations of sodium and calcium ions, while there was no significant inhibition by magnesium ions. With an initial glucose concentration of 25 g L^?1, and glucose concentration was maintained between 10 and 15 g L^?1 during the course of fed batch fermentation, succinic acid concentration, productivity and yield were 60.2 g L^?1, 1.3 g L^?1 h^?1 and 75.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Of all the neutralization reagents used for pH control of A. succinogenes CGMCC1593, solid MgCO₃ was the most satisfactory. With increase of initial glucose concentration, the time course showed a longer growth lag period and the maximum biomass declined, while more carbon was diverted to succinate synthesis. The results obtained in this study should be helpful for the design of a highly efficient succinic acid production process. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyesters using Succinic Acid Monomer Derived from Cellulose of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFB) is a lignocellulosic waste from palm oil mills. It is a potential source of glucose and xylose that can be used as raw materials for the production of valuable compounds such as succinic acid. The present study aims at producing biodegradable polyesters from OPEFB-derived monomer using enzymatic polymerization. Cellulose was extracted from OPEFB by using organosolv method. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was carried out using Celluclast and Novozyme 188 at 40?°C, with agitation rate of 145?rpm. Amount of enzyme and cellulose as well as reaction time were varied. The highest glucose concentration produced was 167.4?g/L. Succinic acid was produced when glucose was subjected to fermentation using Actinobacillus succinogenes with the highest concentration of 23.50?g/L. Biodegradable polyesters were produced when succinic acid together with 1,4-butanediol, glycerol and ethylene glycol, respectively, were subjected to Lipase (Candida Antartica CALB). Molecular weight obtained for poly(butylene succinate), poly(glycerol succinate), and poly(ethylene succinate) were 5.90?×?10⁴, 6.20?×?10⁴, and 4.53?×?10⁴ g/mol, respectively. The greatest extent of biodegradability of polyester found was 78.65?±?0.65%.