信号能量聚点与特征提取方法研究

为了在特征提取中充分利用信号的真实特征信息，定义了刻画信号能量分布的A水平能量聚点的概念，并进行了简要分析。根据目标信号功率分布的特点，首先对目标信号进行小波阈值消噪以突出其能量分布的特征信息，然后对消噪后的信号作功率谱估计并计算功率谱信号的A水平能量聚点，以能量聚点各A水平的频率区间作为特征量，对目标信号进行特征提取。通过对水压场信号的仿真计算，采用模糊聚类的方法对提取的信号特征量作聚类分析，对特征量的有效性进行了检验。计算结果表明，在较低信噪比条件下，信号A水平能量聚点特征量模型能够反映出真实的目标特征；采用所给出的特征提取方法，达到了目标信号检测准确率高、虚警率低的效果。     

基于Daubechies(dbN)的飞行器音频特征提取

本文主要研究了基于Daubechies(dbN)小波分析的飞行器音频特征提取。对特征提取采用db2小波,对信号进行了10层分解,提取出了各层的尺度系数,据此计算出了不同分解尺度上信号的能量,并进行了归一化。飞行器被动音频探测与识别技术作为一种传统的侦察手段,是空中预警系统的重要组成部分。基于两种战场目标的音频频谱特性采用基于小波理论的小波分解尺度细节信号时域能量的特征提取算法,利用这种算法获得较低维的特征向量。     

高压水射流靶物反射声信号的特征提取方法

为了提高利用高压水射流靶物反射声信号识别靶物材质的效率,针对地雷探测过程常见的地雷、石块、砖块和木块4种靶物,采用不同的特征提取方法来识别靶物材质。在分析Mel频率倒谱系数及小波包变换倒谱系数基本原理的基础上,结合靶物反射声信号的特点,提出了一种基于Mel频率倒谱和小波包变换倒谱特征融合的特征提取方法:利用小波包变换将原始靶物反射声信号划分为若干子频段,选取其中一个子频段作为低频和高频的划分层;低频部分提取Mel频率倒谱系数作为特征值,高频部分则提取小波包变换倒谱系数作为特征值,将2组特征值线性合并为一组新的特征向量,用于靶物材质的识别。采用最小二乘支持向量机建立多分类模型,验证基于单一特征和基于特征融合的特征提取方法的识别率。实验结果表明,在取得低频与高频的最佳划分层时,基于特征融合的特征提取方法的平均识别率达到82.812 5%,较单一的利用Mel频率倒谱系数或小波包变换倒谱系数作为特征向量时的平均识别率分别提高了10.312 5%和7.812 5%。     

基于局域判别基的音频信号特征提取方法

音频特征提取在音频信号分析和处理中起着非常重要的作用。考虑到音频信号的非平稳性,对音频信号进行小波包分解,为了获取健壮的特征,采用改进的局域判别基（LDB）技术对小波包树进行裁剪,提取局域判别基各子空间能量的统计特征组成特征矢量,并利用Fisher准则函数进行特征选择,根据特征矢量设计支持向量机分类器,对三类音频进行分类识别。实验结果表明,该方法提取的特征矢量在音频信号分类中是非常有效的。     

基于IMF能量谱的水声信号特征提取与分类

经验模态分解（EMD）是用来处理非平稳时变信号的一种信号分析方法,该方法对所分析信号的局部特征信号进行不同时间尺度的分解,从而得到这些局部特征信号的各阶本征模函数（IMF）。提出了一种基于IMF能量谱的水声信号特征提取与选择方法,通过对水声信号进行经验模态分解,提取信号的本征模式分量并转换为能量谱特征向量,从而观测不同信号子频带能量谱的特征变化。分类实验采用支持向量机（SVM）分类器进行。实验结果表明,相对于小波能量谱特征提取法而言,利用IMF能量谱作为特征向量的分类实验具有更佳的分类效果,平均正确率达88%以上。     

基于LDA和小波分解的肺音特征提取方法

针对用小波分解提取肺音特征后特征向量维数较高的问题,提出了一种结合线性判别分析和小波分解的肺音特征提取方法。在该方法中,首先对肺音信号进行小波分解,然后将小波分解得到的小波系数转化成小波能量特征向量,接着使用线性判别分析法对该特征向量进行降维处理,得到新的低维特征向量,最后用SVM对低维特征进行识别。在实验中,选取了三种肺音信号：正常肺音、爆裂音、哮鸣音,用所提出的方法将8维的小波能量特征降为2维特征,在2维特征上进行了分类识别,并和降维之前的结果进行了比较,实验结果表明利用线性判别分析对小波能量特征降维后极大地提高了识别精度。同时,和其他几种典型的肺音特征提取方法进行了比较,实验结果表明结合线性判别分析与小波分解的特征提取方法得到了更高的识别精度。     

双树复小波特征在运动想象脑电识别中的应用

提出了一种基于双树复小波变换的运动想象脑电信号特征提取方法。针对传统离散小波抗混叠性差的缺陷,采用双树复小波变换对脑电信号进行分解与重构,得到各子带信号能量并进行归一化处理,选取α、β节律信号的归一化能量作为想象运动的特征进行SVM分类。通过对仿真信号的分析,证实双树复小波变换具有良好的混叠抑制能力和抗噪性。最后选用国际脑机接口竞赛和实验室实测的运动想象数据进行分类识别。实验结果表明,双树复小波变换是一种有效的特征提取方法,其运动想象特征的识别率要优于常用的特征分析方法。     

基于小波子空间、支持向量机和模糊积分的信号多类分类算法

为了对音频信号进行有效的分类，提出一种在小波变换子空间中基于支持向量机和模糊积分进行信号特征提取和分类的新算法．首先，对信号进行预加重和窗化处理；其次，用小波变换把信号分解到不同的子空间并提取每个子空间的特征；再次，对每一个子空间信号特征向量进行标准化、降维和分类；最后，用模糊积分将子空间分类结果融合，得出最终类．试验表明本算法速度较快、精确度高．     

基于小波变换的人车目标特征提取算法

借助小波变换在时频分析上的优点,提取地面运动目标的回波信号特征在目标识别中加以应用.首先对目标的回波信号进行预处理,获取目标的瞬时多普勒频率信号,然后对该信号进行小波分解与重构,通过对特定频段的信号分析就可实现对运动目标周期性特征的提取.以在战场侦察雷达探测的人车目标识别中的应用为例,讲述该算法在人车目标识别中的特征提取过程,采用实际雷达回波数据对该特征提取算法进行验证,并对识别效果作分析.     

基于小波包最佳基包解的特征表示

特征提取是信号识别与分类中的重要一环，对提高系统的准确、改善系统性能起着关键的作用。利用小波包变换对信号进行特征提取是近年来发展起来的一种新的特征表示手段，在许多领域中已获得了成功的应用。论文首先回顾了采用小波包变换对信号进行分解的过程，并在此基础上研究了基于小波包变换的特征表示与提取方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.