假凝胶法制备Al2O3微滤分离膜的研究

以无机盐Al(NO3) 3和氨水NH3·H2 O为原料 ,以盐酸HCl为胶溶剂制备出稳定透明的勃姆石溶胶 ,往溶胶中加入一定量的PVA溶液和平均粒径 15nm、10 0nm或 60 0nm的Al2 O3微粉制备出假溶胶 ,采用浸渍法工艺将假溶胶涂覆在平均孔径为 1.18μm的α -Al2 O3载体上 ,经过热处理制备出孔径为 84nm的无缺陷的微滤膜     

玻璃基TiO_2膜的孔径尺寸对其光催化性能的影响

通过在溶胶—凝胶溶液中加入聚乙烯乙二醇有机聚合物 ,利用平板玻璃作衬底 ,制备了多孔 Ti O2 薄膜。扫描电镜观察表明 ,一定的热处理条件下 ,有机聚合物可以显著地改变 Ti O2 薄膜的孔径尺寸。光催化结果显示 :当 Ti O2 膜的孔径尺寸在 15 0～ 2 5 0 nm时 ,它的光催化性能较好。     

不锈钢表面SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层性能的研究

将氧氯化锆、正硅酸乙脂、无水乙醇3种物质按物质的量比135放进烧杯搅拌均匀后,再放进微波炉加热10s取出,得到SiO2-ZrO2溶胶。然后,将100mL氨水、50mL硝酸铝溶液和50mL硝酸铬溶液混合均匀后,放进微波炉加热1min后取出,即制得Al2O3-Cr2O3溶胶。取SiO2-ZrO2溶胶和Al2O3-Cr2O3溶胶按n(SiO2)n(ZrO2)n(Al2O3)n(Cr2O3)=6211混合,搅拌2h,得到SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3复合溶胶。将打磨、除锈、除油处理后的不锈钢基体浸入SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3溶胶一定时间后,以浸渍提拉法得到均匀的溶胶涂层,真空干燥48h,经700℃热处理1h后便可得到SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3复合陶瓷涂层。采用XRD、IR和SEM对不同条件热处理的复合陶瓷涂层的物相组成、表面形貌进行分析,并对复合陶瓷涂层的性能进行了研究。结果表明(1)SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3复合溶胶热处理后为非晶态材料,且在凝胶中形成了三维的硅氧四面体网络骨架;(2)涂层试样不出现龟裂或脱落的循环次数(900℃,空冷)在15~30次范围内,涂层的抗热震性较好;(3)在700℃热处理1h条件下,涂层单位面积的质量损失最小,具有较好的抗腐蚀性;(4)有涂层试样较无涂层试样的氧化速率低,且以3次涂膜的氧化速率最低;涂层由粒径为2~3μm左右的微粒组成,涂层较致密,抗氧化性较好;(5)有涂层试样的耐磨性均优于无涂层试样,有涂层试样的以3次涂膜的耐磨性最好。     

以无机盐为原料溶胶-凝胶工艺制备LaAlO3薄膜

以无机盐为原料 ,利用溶胶 -凝胶工艺在硅衬底上制备了LaAlO3薄膜。La(NO3) 3·6H2 O和Al(NO3) 3·6H2 O的冰醋酸溶液通过试剂交换形成金属醋酸盐的冰醋酸溶液 ,乙酸酐 (CH3CO) 2 O能除尽硝酸根和结晶水 ,乙酰丙酮 (AcAc)部分取代醋酸盐分子中的醋酸根形成的M(OAc) 3-x(AcAc) x 其部分水解形成M(AcAc) 3-x(OH) x。而M(AcAc) 3-x(OH) x 聚合并与甲纤维素 (MCL)形成线状结构使LaAlO3溶胶易于成膜 ,凝胶LaAlO3薄膜经过 65 0～ 75 0℃ ,30min退火形成立方钙钛矿结构。薄膜的折射率为 1.74～ 1.95 ,介电常数为 2 3～ 2 6,介电损耗(tanδ)在 2 .1× 10 - 4 ～ 2 .4× 10 - 4 之间     

溶胶-凝胶旋涂法制备ZnO∶Cd薄膜

溶胶-凝胶法是一种有效制膜技术,以二水合醋酸锌Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O为前驱体,以乙二醇甲醚CH3OCH2CH2OH为主要溶剂,以乙醇胺C2H7NO作为稳定剂制备溶胶溶液.将滴有此溶胶溶液的基片放入旋转涂覆机旋转,再在表面滴入氯化镉( CdCl2·2.5H2O)溶液,然后对基片进行热处理.经X-射线衍射测量,发...     

热处理工艺对制备Al2O3超滤膜的影响

本文以无机盐Al(NO) 3和氨水为原料 ,采用sol-gel法制备出稳定透明的勃姆石溶液 ;采用浸渍法工艺将勃姆石溶胶均匀地涂覆在Al2 O3载体上 ,通过对膜热处理工艺制度的研究 ,探讨了热处理工艺对Al2 O3超滤膜性能的影响。     

球形纳米α-Al2O3粉体的制备及其表征

首先,将不同浓度(0.426～0.855mol·L-1)的硫酸铝溶液在不断搅拌状态下缓慢滴入含有聚乙二醇的氨水-氯化铵缓冲液(pH值约为9.5)中制得Al(OH)3溶胶,经抽滤,洗涤,在蒸馏水中超声分散后,采用透射电镜观察胶粒的形状,以研究硫酸铝溶液浓度对Al(OH)3溶胶胶粒形貌的影响。结果表明:硫酸铝溶液浓度对Al(OH)3溶胶胶粒形貌影响很大;当硫酸铝溶液的浓度为0.65mol·L-1时,得到的胶粒呈球形。然后,将制得的胶粒呈球形的Al(OH)3溶胶抽滤后用无水乙醇浸泡24h,过滤,于120℃干燥1.5h,在1150℃煅烧1h制成纳米α-Al2O3粉,并用XRD、TEM等对其相组成、形状、分散性和流动填充性等进行了表征。结果表明:以球形的Al(OH)3胶粒为前驱体制成的纳米α-Al2O3粉也呈球形;干凝胶于1150℃煅烧1h后完全转变为α-Al2O3;纳米α-Al2O3粉体中的团聚体大部分是软团聚,故其流动填充性能也很好。     

络合沉淀法制备Al2 O3 -ZrO2复合粉

以工业纯ZrOCl2.8H2O,分析纯AlCl3.6H2O,分析纯Y2O3等为原料,将AlCl3.6H2O和ZrOCl2.8H2O分别配制成0.5mol.L-1和1mol.L-1的水溶液,按ZrO2和Al2O3的质量比为44:56配成混合溶液;将混合溶液与用盐酸溶解稳定剂Y2O3后配制成一定浓度的YCl3溶液混合并搅拌均匀,再向均匀溶液中加入2%PEG分散剂制成母液;然后向母液中滴加过量的0.5mol.L-1的草酸溶液形成络合母液,滴加氨水调节其pH值。研究了pH值在4~10之间,直接沉淀法和络合沉淀法对Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉前驱体溶胶团聚及粉体粒度分布的影响。利用透射电镜(TEM)和激光粒度分析仪对溶胶和复合粉粒度组成进行了分析。结果表明:采用草酸为络合剂,氨水为沉淀剂的络合沉淀法可以明显的改善Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉前驱体溶胶的团聚,干燥后得到的复合粉体没有明显的硬团聚;反应溶液的pH值为9时效果最佳;络合沉淀法制备的Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉的平均粒径为3.704μm,直接法制得的粉体的平均粒径为7.052μm。     

连续Al2O3-SiO2纤维前驱溶胶微观结构的研究

采用AIP-AN-TEOS-H2O体系,利用溶液-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法合成了均匀、稳定的Al2O3-SiO2纤维于法纺丝前驱溶胶,利用激光光散射粒度仪、红外光谱、TEM等测试手段分析了前驱溶胶的微观结构,反应过程中溶胶粒子尺寸变化以及从溶胶态到凝胶态转变过程中溶胶粒子形态的变化。     

无团聚PbTiO3超细粉末的制备

本文设计了一种以乙二醇和丁醇混合溶液作为溶剂,以钛酸丁酯和醋酸铅作为原料制备钛酸铅超细粉末的溶胶—凝胶新工艺。利用红外光谱分析确定了复合醇盐(C_4H_9O)_3≡Ti-O-Pb-(CH_3CO_2)的合成温度在80℃以上。凝胶在100℃下干燥仅需要1小时,经干燥后的凝胶在1500℃下热处理2小时就可以得到结晶的、粒径小于0.1μm的无团聚PbTiO_3超细粉末。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。