Determinants for conducting food safety culture research

BackgroundFoodborne outbreaks continue to occur regardless of existing food safety measures indicating the shortcomings of these measures to assure food safety. This has led to the recognition of food safety culture as a key contributory factor to the food safety performance of food establishments.Scope and approachThe aim of this paper is to identify determinants for conducting food safety culture research, using the systems approach as the underlying philosophy to guide the structured reconsideration of national, organisational and safety culture literature, in view of food safety.Key findings and conclusionsFood safety culture is complex and many interlinking factors are at play. The analysis of ‘culture’ literature showed that food safety culture research should acknowledge the impact of national culture, specify hierarchical level(s) (strategic, tactical, and operational), establish underlying mechanisms, and consider the company's food risks and context characteristics. Major elements to be considered in food safety culture research include organisational and administrative characteristics (i.e. food safety vision, communication, commitment, leadership, training), technical facilities/resources (i.e. food hygiene/safety tools, equipment, & facilities), employee characteristics (i.e. attitudes, knowledge, perceptions and risk awareness), group characteristics, crucial FSMS characteristics, and actual food safety performance. Methodological requirements for food safety culture research include use of the systems approach, measurable indicators, classification systems for differentiated assessment, and use of multiple methods to enhance research validity. The identified food safety culture research determinants provide an underpinned and transparent starting point to the common understanding and research of food safety culture.     

营养安全视角下的食品加工应用研究

粮食和营养安全是当前全球关注的一项重要议题,预计到2050年全球人口将达到90亿,意味着需要通过继续增加粮食产量来解决日益复杂的粮食安全问题。与此同时减少从生产到消费整个供应链环节的食物损失浪费,以及通过食品加工为人类提高食品保存期限、营养质量以及食品安全也引起了极大的重视。本文通过文献梳理描述了初级食品生产系统的发展,以及食品加工对人类健康以及营养安全的作用。从未来的发展趋势来看,无论是农业生产部门还是食品加工部门都将面临用更少的资源来生产更多食品的问题。因而本文认为面对世界资源的日益紧张,必须对食品的能量和营养含量加以平衡,促进食品加工环节营养安全的提高,不失为一个良策。     

马铃薯食品加工研究开发现状及展望

近年来,随着马铃薯作为第四大主粮战略的提出,推进了马铃薯加工主食化进程。马铃薯馒头、面条、面包、糕点等有了快速发展,冷冻薯条、薯片发展速度强劲。本文从加工用途的马铃薯食品原料、马铃薯方便食品、马铃薯主食、其他食品四个方面对我国马铃薯食品加工的研究开发现状进行梳理,以期促进马铃薯食品加工业进一步发展。     

辐照食品的卫生安全性研究和管理现状

为促进食品辐照技术的商业化应用，给我国食品辐照管理部门提供借鉴，综述了食品辐照的目的、经电离辐照加工后食品的变化、食品辐照加工的优势、食品辐照技术的历史回顾。介绍了美国、加拿大、欧盟等世界主要贸易国对辐照食品的管理和应用及其辐照方法的发展前景。辐照方法加工食品是一种安全、卫生、经济的新型技术。食品辐照技术既保护环境，又以很少的能量防止了粮食等食物的损失，还可保证食品的安全卫生。     

我国含铁食品营养强化剂及食品添加剂标准的比较研究

目的比较我国含铁食品营养强化剂和食品添加剂标准差异。方法对GB 14880-2012《食品安全国家标准食品营养强化剂使用标准》和GB2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》中规定的含铁食品营养强化剂和食品添加剂的功能、使用范围、使用量以及各标准设置的理化指标、限量、标准发布时间等进行比较分析,对我国含铁食品营养强化剂和食品添加剂标准制定进行探讨。结果 GB14880-2012中规定了19种化合物可作为铁补充剂, GB 2760-2014中规定了7种含铁食品添加剂,目前已制定国家标准且现行有效的共14种,所有标准中均设置了理化指标,其中安全性项目主要是原料阴离子及重金属。重金属以铅和总砷的指标最有代表性。除了硫酸亚铁,所有亚铁类产品均设置了三价铁的相关项目控制产品质量。在重金属限量设置上,铅限量为1～10.0 mg/kg;总砷限量则在1.0～4.0 mg/kg之间。总汞限量,除了焦磷酸铁为3.0 mg/kg,其余均为1.0 mg/kg。结论结合我国国情,提出了我国食品营养强化剂和食品添加剂国家标准体系存在的主要问题。     

Haptic exploration of plateware alters the perceived texture and taste of food

We report two naturalistic citizen science experiments designed to highlight the influence of the texture of plateware on people’s rating of the mouthfeel and taste of food (specifically, biscuits) sampled from that plateware. In the first experiment, participants tasted a biscuit from a pair of plates, one having a rough and the other a smooth finish. In the second experiment, participants tasted biscuits and jelly babies; participants rated the mouthfeel and taste of the two foodstuffs. The results both confirm and extend previous findings suggesting that haptically and visually perceived texture can influence both oral-somatosensory judgments of texture as well as, in this case, the reported taste or flavour of the food itself. The crossmodal effects reported here are explained in terms of the notion of sensation transference. These results have potentially important implications for everything from the design of the tactile aspects of packaging through to the design of serviceware in the setting of the restaurant.     

Influence of flavour enhancement on food liking and consumption in older adults with poor,moderate or high cognitive status

It is important to maintain adequate food consumption in older adults so as to prevent malnutrition, particularly among those with cognitive impairments who represent the majority of patients living in nursing homes. Indeed, these patients may reduce their food intake, which can be explained by a lack of pleasure in eating food. Few studies have tested the efficiency of strategies based on food pleasure to increase food intake in this population. To our knowledge, the influence of flavour enhancement has been widely investigated in non-cognitively impaired older adults, but not in those with cognitive impairments. Our objective was therefore to study the influence of flavour enhancement on food liking and then on food intake in older adults with different degrees of cognitive impairments. To achieve this, two food testing methods were compared: paired comparison and sequential monadic tests.104 subjects were recruited in four nursing homes and clustered into three groups as a function of their cognitive impairments (severe, moderate and without marked cognitive impairments). Two different samples of an appetizer were formulated: a reference sample and a flavour-enhanced sample. These appetizers were offered to the participants before lunch in standardised small portions during three tasting sessions organised at intervals of one week. During one session, the participants received both samples at the same time (paired comparison test) and during the two others, they were given a single sample at each session (sequential monadic test). Food intake and food liking were then evaluated with respect to each participant and each sample.The results showed a positive correlation between food liking and food intake, and a positive influence of flavour enhancement on food intake, regardless of the cognitive status of the participants. The sequential monadic test produced results similar to those of the paired-comparison test in terms of the effects of flavour enhancement. These findings suggest that this method could be used to investigate the influence of food interventions at mealtimes in older adults with cognitive impairments.Finally, this study shows that food intake could be increased by optimising the sensory properties of foods served to cognitively impaired older patients.     

我国流通消费领域食品安全现状及对策研究

分析了我国流通消费领域食品安全存在的主要问题.在研究并借鉴发达国家的主要经验和做法的基础上,综合考虑流通消费环节影响食品安全的各种关键因素,以系统科学理论和控制理论为指导,设计了流通消费领域食品安全体系总体框架.在此框架的指导下,分别从法律法规体系建设、标准体系建设、检测体系建设、市场准入体系建设和社会信用体系建设等方面提出了加强消费领域影响食品安全的对策与建议.     

玻璃化转变对食品加工和品质的影响

在有关玻璃态和玻璃化转变理论的基础上 ,综述了玻璃化转变对干燥、冷冻、焙烤、糖果及挤压等食品的加工与品质的影响     

生物技术在食品资源开发中应用进展

本文综述了国内外食品生物技术在植物资源、动物资源、新型蛋白质资源开发以及对微生物菌种改造的研究进展 ,阐述了食品生物技术在各应用领域所取得的主要成就。     

国内外食品安全评价综述

就国内外食品安全评价涉及的领域和评价方法进行了阐释和说明，并指出未来食品安全评价的走向。     

牛蒡在食品工业中加工利用现状

综述了牛蒡在食品工业中的加工利用现状,对其广阔的发展前景和市场前景进行了展望。     

亚贡在食品工业中的应用研究

本文介绍了亚贡的营养成分与保健功能,详细介绍了其在食品加工中的应用现状,并展望了其发展前景。     

国内外食品安全评价综述

就国内外食品安全评价涉及的领域和评价方法进行了阐释和说明,并指出未来食品安全评价的走向。     

"委托生产食品"卫生监督管理方法的探讨

为规范“委托生产食品”的卫生监督管理工作，对目前“委托生产食品”卫生监督管理中存在的未取得卫生许可证生产经营“委托或受委托生产食品”、“委托生产食品”的卫生许可项目不规范、产品标识不规范等问题进行讨论，提出委托方和受委托方均需取得卫生许可证方可从事“委托生产食品”的生产经营活动。并在如何规范委托生产食品的卫生许可项目、产品标识、以及卫生监督中对委托或受委托生产食品方的监督管理各重点、允许委托生产的地区范围等方面提出建议。对“委托生产食品”的卫生监督管理工作有一定帮助。     

Current status of biobased and biodegradable food packaging materials: Impact on food quality and effect of innovative processing technologies

Fossil-based plastic materials are an integral part of modern life. In food packaging, plastics have a highly important function in preserving food quality and safety, ensuring adequate shelf life, and thereby contributing to limiting food waste. Meanwhile, the global stream of plastics into the oceans is increasing exponentially, triggering worldwide concerns for the environment. There is an urgent need to reduce the environmental impacts of packaging waste, a matter raising increasing consumer awareness. Shifting part of the focus toward packaging materials from renewable resources is one promising strategy. This review provides an overview of the status and future of biobased and biodegradable films used for food packaging applications, highlighting the effects on food shelf life and quality. Potentials, limitations, and promising modifications of selected synthetic biopolymers; polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoate; and natural biopolymers such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, alginate, gelatine, whey, and soy protein are discussed. Further, this review provides insight into the connection between biobased packaging materials and innovative technologies such as high pressure, cold plasma, microwave, ultrasound, and ultraviolet light. The potential for utilizing such technologies to improve biomaterial barrier and mechanical properties as well as to aid in improving overall shelf life for the packaging system by in-pack processing is elaborated on.     

食品质感性能的主客观评价技术分析

食品的质感性能是固体或半固体食品的四大质量要素之一,强烈地影响着消费者对产品的接受程度和消费意愿。对食品质感性能的评价与检测,是改进产品设计和生产工艺、控制产品质量、满足消费者需要、提高企业效益不可或缺的技术手段。食品质感性能评价技术传入我国已有多年,各种先进的检测方法和试验设备已被广大食品研发人员所接受,但在使用过程中,主客观分析结果所表现出来的巨大偏离,一直困扰着许多研究人员,严重制约着食品质感性能分析技术的推广和发展。本文试图从定义及发展过程出发,阐述食品质感性能主客观分析技术的基本原理及使用过程可能存在的误区,并根据作者的学术背景,从力学的角度提出了食品质感性能及其评价方法今后发展的一些思考。     

基于食品抽检数据的风险预警智能研究模型构建分析

近年来,国内外由食品安全问题导致的公共健康事件屡见不鲜。食品安全问题涉及食品产业链的各个环节,收集和识别食品安全风险因子,挖掘造成食品安全的重要因素,是食品安全风险预警的重要途径,也是制定管理措施的前提条件。有效利用和分析食品安全信息,开展有效预警,已经成为食品安全监管面临的重要问题。本文首先分析了食品抽检数据特征和食品安全预警模型原则,在此基础上从风险分析、趋势分析、关联挖掘、全息画像和效能评价等视角构建了基于食品抽检数据的风险预警智能分析模型。该模型旨在为食品安全的监管、消费、生产等各个环节提供有力支撑,为推进基于食品抽检数据的风险预警智能研究提供参考。     

Functionalization techniques for improving SERS substrates and their applications in food safety evaluation: A review of recent research trends

BackgroundFood safety and quality have gained much attention in recent years and the capability to evaluate food quality and safety in a sensitive, rapid, and reliable manner is of great importance in the food industry. Therefore, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the advantages of excellent sensitivity, high selectivity, non-destructive nature and significant enhancement to identify the target has demonstrated a great potential for quick detection of chemical contaminants, chemical constitutes, and pathogens in food samples.Scope and approachThe enhancement of Raman signals for SERS is not only related to the interactions between substrates and samples but also the functionalization of substrates to gain SERS active substrates. In the present review, different types of substrates are briefly discussed, functionalization techniques for SERS active substrates are discussed, and applications of functionalized SERS substrate in food samples are presented.Conclusions and key findingsIt is evident that functionalization techniques for improving SERS substrates have given encouraging outcomes, which provides possibility for identifying multiple target analytes within a complex matrix, and thus could be used as a powerful analytical tool in real-world applications in food safety analysis as well as for enhancing food quality surveillance.