基于级联微环谐振器的集成化可重构光学上下路插分复用器

We report on an eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on cascaded microring resonators with a high tuning power consumption and a compact footprint. Microheaters are fabricated on top of the microring resonators and can be modulated using the thermo-optic effect to achieve the reconfigurable functionality of the device. We demonstrate the reconfigurable add-drop multiplexing functionality for channel spacings of 100 GHz and 50 GHz, with the centre wavelengths of the channels aligned to International Telecommunication Union grid specifications. The crosstalk for channel spacings of 100 GHz and 50 GHz are less than..22:5 dB and..15:5 dB, respectively. The average tuning efficiency is about 4.5 mW/nm, and the response speed is about 13.0 kHz.     

Synthesis of Elliptic Optical Filters Using Mutually Coupled Microring Resonators

Integrated optical filters having elliptic transfer functions are proposed using two-dimensional arrays of synchronously tuned mutually coupled microring resonators. Analysis of microring filter topologies of the most general form is facilitated by the formulation of an energy-coupling matrix for the microring array. A method for synthesizing elliptic microring filter transfer functions having the prescribed transmission poles and zeros is also presented. The approach involves representing the microring filter by an equivalent electrical network of coupled LC oscillators and applying the coupling matrix technique developed for micro-wave filters to determine the coupling parameters. An example of a sixth-order elliptic function filter is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of using mutually coupled microring resonators to realize optical filters having finite transmission zeros in the transfer function     

Asymmetrically coupled silicon-on-insulator microring resonators for compact add-drop multiplexers

We report on improved filter characteristics of microring resonators (MRs) used as add-drop multiplexers for integrated photonic circuits. By introducing an asymmetrical coupling of the signal waveguides to the resonator, a higher throughput attenuation and drop efficiency is attained. The throughput attenuation is the decisive property for the application of microrings in photonic networks since it determines the crosstalk between drop signal and add signal at the throughput channel of an add-drop multiplexer. Experimental results are compared with analytical relations. MRs with a free-spectral range of 24 nm are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrates. A crosstalk reduction by 8.8 dB due to asymmetrical coupling is demonstrated.     

Polymer microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides

We present measurements of the transmission and dispersion properties of coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) consisting of weakly coupled polymer microring resonators. The fabrication and the measurement methods of the CROWs are discussed as well. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical loss, waveguide dispersion, group delay, group velocity, and group-velocity dispersion (GVD). The intrinsic quality factors of the microrings were about 1.5/spl times/10/sup 4/ to 1.8/spl times/10/sup 4/, and group delays greater than 100 ps were measured with a GVD between -70 and 100 ps/(nm/spl middot/resonator). With clear and simple spectral responses and without a need for the tuning of the resonators, the polymer microring CROWs demonstrate the practicability of using a large number of microresonators to control the propagation of optical waves.     

基于SOI结构的1×8阵列上下载微环滤波器

利用193 nm深紫外曝光的方法应用CMOS技术,在SOI片上加工制作了1×8阵列上下载微环滤波器,微环半径分别为21.0、20.5、20.0和19.5μm。通过测量直通端的透射光谱,在1 540～1 560 nm的波段上观测到微环阵列谐振波长的透射谱凹陷,对应的消光比均大于15dB,在谐振波长1559.5 nm处的消光比高达35 dB。在半径为20.5μm的微环下载端,测得的波长为1 542.6、1 546.7、1 551.0、1 555.2和1 559.3 nm的下载峰,对应的自由谱宽为4.2 nm。     

Multistage second-order microring-resonator filters with box-like spectral responses and relaxed fabrication tolerances

We demonstrate an optical filter based on multistage second-order microring resonators (MRs) with box-like spectral responses. Compared with single-stage high-order optical filters with the same number of MRs, the demonstrated structure has comparable performances in the aspects of passband flatness, rolling-off slope and insertion loss. Moreover, the architecture relaxes the fabrication tolerance, electrical wiring and tuning difficulty since there are only two MRs in each stage. We experimentally demonstrate this kind of optical filter with five stages, which shows a 3-dB bandwidth of ~17 GHz, a rolling-off slope of ~5 dB/GHz and an on-chip insertion loss of ~6 dB.     

An eight-channel add-drop filter using vertically coupled microringresonators over a cross grid

An eight-channel add-drop cross-grid vertically coupled microring resonator (VCMRR) filter is proposed and demonstrated. The cross grid comprises a grid-like array of buried channel waveguides which perpendicularly cross through each other, VCMRRs at each of the cross-grid nodes serve as the wavelength selective add-drop filters. Measured crosstalk levels at the crossings are typically less than -30 dB. Rings with a nominal radius of 10 μm are used to achieve a free-spectral range of 20 nm and optical bandwidths of 1 nm, while changes of the radii in increments of 50 nm lead to a nominal channel spacing of 5.7 nm     

Very high-order microring resonator filters for WDM applications

High-order microring resonators having from 1 to 11 coupled cavities are demonstrated. These filters exhibit low loss, flat tops, and out-of-band rejection ratios that can exceed 80 dB. They achieve performance that is suitable for commercial applications.     

Compact microring notch filters

Microresonator filters reported so far have been all-pole-type filters. We report two experimental realizations of zero-type (notch) filters using GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators. The first is a ring coupled to one side of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the Y-branch of which has an effective splitting angle of 50° with 0.5-dB loss. The second is a ring whose loss exactly matches the coupling to the input/output waveguide with an extinction greater than 20 dB     

Vertically coupled microring resonators using polymer wafer bonding

A new technique is presented to make vertically coupled semiconductor microring resonators that eases the fabrication process with devices more robust to ring-to-waveguide misalignments. Single-mode microring optical channel dropping filters are demonstrated for the first time in this configuration with Qs greater than 3000 and an on-resonance channel extinction greater than 12 dB. A 1×4 multiplexer/demultiplexer crossbar array with second-order microrings was also made and exhibited channel-to-channel crosstalk lower than 10 dB     

微环谐振器中各参数对光速控制输出脉冲畸变的影响仿真分析

利用微环谐振器进行光速控制时,各参数对光脉冲传输的影响是不可忽略的,它除了导致光脉冲展宽,还引起脉冲的畸变。基于微环谐振器的传输特性,推导了单环谐振器的二阶色散和三阶色散表达式,针对无损耗/增益情形,分析了利用微环谐振器进行光速控制时,高阶色散和输入脉冲中心波长对输出脉冲畸变的影响,分析了损耗/增益对单环谐振器输出脉冲畸变的影响。结果表明,二阶色散导致脉冲展宽,三阶色散导致脉冲畸变,输入脉冲中心波长位置影响脉冲分裂谷底的深浅,而损耗和增益影响脉冲畸变情况。为利用微环谐振器实现光速控制的应用提供了设计优化依据。     

N×N optical switch based on cascaded microring resonators

An N×N optical switch based on cascaded microring resonators on chip is proposed. As an example, the 4×4 optical switch is further investigated. It is successfully demonstrated that its insertion loss is relatively low as 2.2 dB, the crosstalk is negligible, and the extinction ratio (ER) is as large as 130 dB. Thermal tuning is employed to make the microrings be in resonance or not, which leads to a response time of several hundred microseconds. Alternatively, doping the desired waveguide regions with p-type or n-type dopants is able to achieve a better response time of several nanoseconds. The proposed design is easily integrated to a large scale with less microring resonators, which ensures the compact size and the low power consumption.     

串联微环谐振器的光学特性

根据波导耦合方程,导出了串联微环谐振器的传输矩阵,并分析了环数、环间耦合系数以及损耗对串联微环谐振器输出特性的影响。数值模拟表明,串联微环谐振器具有光子带隙的特征。当环数增加时,通带内满足谐振条件的波长数增加;当环间耦合系数增加时,可使通带带宽加宽;通过适当选择环数和环间耦合系数,可以实现滤波和波分复用(WDM)的功能。选用脉冲宽度为50 ps的高斯型激光脉冲注入微环谐振器,发现当环间耦合系数较小时,出射脉冲相对于入射脉冲具有光学延迟的效果,并且随着环数的增加,延迟时间逐渐增大,而当环间耦合系数较大时,光学延迟效果不明显。     

Pulse Delay and Advancement in SOI Microring Resonators With Mutual Mode Coupling

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate continuously tunable pulse propagation in SOI microring resonators with mutual mode coupling, which is induced by nanosized gratings along the ring sidewalls. In the presence of the mutual mode coupling, dispersion-induced group delay is investigated in single-waveguide and double-waveguide coupled single-ring resonators, respectively. In particular, pulse propagation in the drop channel of a double-waveguide coupled resonator is observed and exhibits continuously tunable delay and advancement features in the experiment. Delayed pulses are also obtained at the reflection port of a single-waveguide coupled resonator due to the existence of backward whispering gallery mode (WGM).     

氮化硅微腔中的光学频率梳(特邀)

具有高品质因子（Q 值）的光学谐振腔能够长时间将光束缚在较小的模式体积内,极大地增强了光与物质的相互作用,成为集成光学器件中具有重大潜力的重要组成部分。聚焦于目前广泛应用于集成非线性光学领域的氮化硅材料平台,为了解决大尺寸氮化硅微环腔由拼接误差、表面粗糙等因素导致的散射损耗较大的问题,进行了一系列的工艺改进以提高大尺寸氮化硅微环腔的品质因子。结果表明:通过薄膜再沉积工艺可以有效降低氮化硅波导的散射损耗,半径为560 μm的大尺寸氮化硅微环腔的本征Q值得到了平均26% 的提升。得益于提高的微腔Q 值,在氮化硅微环腔中实现了重复频率40 GHz 的光学频率梳。     

信号流程图理论分析多环谐振滤波器特性

微环谐振腔以其功能多样、结构简洁、集成度高等特点已经成为当前的研究热点。采用多环结构形成的滤波器能够实现在通带内比单环谐振滤波器更为陡峭的滚降、更平坦的峰顶和更好的抑制阻带。利用信号流程图法(SFG)推导了串联耦合和并联耦合两种形式的多环谐振滤波器的系统传递函数公式。在串联结构中,滤波器的输出特性主要受到耦合系数和损耗的影响;在并联结构中,通过优化环间距,从而使下载端输出光谱达到比较好的形状。     

Diffraction-compensated free-space WDM add-drop module with thin-film filters

A novel wavelength-division-multiplexing add-drop module is proposed using free-space cascaded thin-film filters. The athermal design of the filters creates a natural curvature that is shown to compensate for diffraction and optical misalignment. We demonstrate an insertion loss of 1.1 dB for four cascaded filters.     

High‐capacity soliton transmission for indoor and outdoor communications using integrated ring resonators

A system consisting of a series of microring resonators, incorporating an add/drop system, is presented in order to create ultra‐short spatial and temporal single and multisoliton pulses, which can be used for indoor and outdoor optical communications. Chaotic noise can be generated by a bright soliton pulse propagating inside a nonlinear microring resonator system. The results obtained show that a single temporal and spatial soliton pulse, with full width at half maximums of 75 fs, 80 fs, 700 fs, 4.4 ps, and 0.30 nm, can be generated. The add/drop system can be used to generate a high number of ultra‐short soliton pulses in the ranges of nanometer/second and picometer/second. The simulated multisolitons have full width at half maximums of 16 ps, 20 pm, 130 ps, and 35 pm and free spectrum ranges of 500 ps, 0.57 nm, 3.5 ns, and 1.4 nm, respectively. The multisolitons generated at the drop port can be used in indoor optical communications, where the ultra‐short pulses with a variety of central wavelengths (from λ = 1550 to λ = 1560) from the through port can be multiplexed‐demultiplexed along an optical fiber with a length of 50 km. The filtered signals can be obtained at the end of the transmission link used for optical outdoor communications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于硅基微环谐振器的Fano共振线型产生和调谐研究进展

Fano共振的线型具有明显不对称特征,在光学通信、调制和传感等领域中极具应用潜力。首先对微环谐振器的各种线型进行了介绍,强调了Fano共振线型的独特优势,其次依据结构分类梳理了国内外基于硅基微环谐振器产生Fano共振的研究现状,然后介绍了基于热光效应的Fano共振调谐的研究进展,最后展望了硅基微环谐振器的Fano共振的发展及应用。     

Transmission, group delay, and dispersion in single-ring optical resonators and add/drop filters-a tutorial overview

This tutorial describes the transmission, group delay time and quadratic dispersion properties of the four basic building blocs of optical filters built using ring resonators. These building blocs are single-ring resonators in either two-port (all-pass) or four-port (add/drop filter) configuration. The effect of waveguide and coupler loss is included throughout. Explicit expressions to compute the complex amplitude of the circulating wave in the ring, the Q factor, the finesse and the insertion loss are also given. Attention is drawn to the similarities between the ring resonator the Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot resonator and the Gires-Tournois interferometer. Material properties and fabrication technology are not reviewed.