磷渣-石灰石复合掺合料对机制砂混凝土性能的影响

研究了磷渣与石灰石复合比例和复合掺合料取代粉煤灰的质量比对C30和C50机制砂混凝土工作性能和抗压强度的影响。结果表明:磷渣与石灰石复合取代粉煤灰可改善机制砂混凝土的工作性能,降低混凝土坍落度经时损失;复合掺合料部分或完全取代粉煤灰,不同强度等级机制砂混凝土早期抗压强度均与基准混凝土相当,甚至略高于基准混凝土;取代50%粉煤灰,且复合掺合料中磷渣掺量为60%,各强度等级的复合掺合料混凝土后期抗压强度均高于基准混凝土,但随粉煤灰取代量增大,复合粉中石灰石粉掺量增加,机制砂混凝土的抗压强度呈降低趋势。     

磷渣粉对机制砂混凝土性能影响研究

研究了不同掺量下磷渣粉对C30、C60强度等级机制砂混凝土的工作性与力学性能影响,并与同掺量的粉煤灰机制砂混凝土进行了比较。研究表明,磷渣粉具有一定的减水作用,能有效改善机制砂混凝土的工作性能,对高强度等级机制砂混凝土更为明显。掺入磷渣粉后,不同强度等级机制砂混凝土早期抗压强度均较基准混凝土低,且随着掺量增大,强度下降明显。各掺量下C30磷渣粉机制砂混凝土后期强度均较基准混凝土高,而C60混凝土后期强度与掺量有关。与同掺量粉煤灰混凝土相比,磷渣粉机制砂混凝土初始坍落度及各龄期抗压强度均较高。     

煤矸石粉制备混凝土用复合掺合料的性能研究

用煤矸石粉部分替代粉煤灰制备混凝土用复合矿物掺合料,通过正交实验研究煤矸石粉、粉煤灰、磷渣掺量对受检胶砂抗折强度、抗压强度、活性指数和抗压强度增长比的影响。结果表明：由于火山灰效应和微集料效应,煤矸石粉、粉煤灰、磷渣对水泥的水化存在较强相互作用,设计配合比适宜时,受检胶砂的7和28 d活性指数及强度增长比均达到普通Ⅲ级复合矿物掺合料指标要求,表明用煤矸石粉部分替代粉煤灰制备混凝土用复合矿物掺合料完全可行,最优方案为煤矸石粉掺量25.0%、粉煤灰掺量62.5%、磷渣掺量12.5%。     

粉煤灰和气化渣对混凝土力学性能的影响

采用粉煤灰作为矿物掺合料,采用气化渣代替天然砂制备粉煤灰混凝土,研究不同粉煤灰掺量、不同气化渣替代率的混凝土不同龄期的抗压强度和抗折强度。结果表明：粉煤灰的掺入会提高混凝土的早期抗压强度,也有利于后期强度提升。气化渣代替天然砂对抗压强度无显著影响。气化渣掺量为30%时,能够发挥气化渣的粒径优势,增加混凝土密实程度,有利于抗压强度发展。粉煤灰有利于提高混凝土的抗折强度,气化渣掺量<30%,折压比随气化渣掺比的增大而增大,气化渣掺量>30%,折压比随气化渣掺比的增大而减小。     

镍渣混凝土的试验研究

基于镍渣的微集料效应研究了不同掺量的镍渣对混凝土抗压强度的影响,并采用压汞法和扫描电镜分别对镍渣混凝土的孔结构和微观形貌进行研究.结果表明:当镍渣掺量为20％时,混凝土的抗压强度最大,当镍渣掺量为50％时,混凝土抗压强度最小;0.50水胶比下不掺加镍渣混凝土、掺加20％镍渣混凝土和掺加50％镍渣混凝土在28 d的孔隙率分别为25.4％、22.3％和31.4％;掺加20％镍渣在28 d、60 d和90d的孔隙率分别为22.3％、19.8％和17.2％;掺加20％镍渣可有效降低混凝土孔隙率,细化孔径.     

粉煤灰部分取代石灰石粉的水泥胶砂干缩性能研究

通过测定水泥胶砂不同龄期干缩率,分别研究了石灰石粉、粉煤灰单掺以及石灰石粉和粉煤灰双掺时水泥胶砂干燥收缩性能的影响。结果表明：随着石灰石粉掺量增加,胶砂干燥收缩先增大后减小,石灰石粉掺量为10％左右时胶砂干燥收缩最大;胶砂干燥收缩随粉煤灰掺量增加先减小后增大,粉煤灰掺量10％左右时,胶砂干燥收缩最小;石灰石粉掺量一定时掺入粉煤灰可以减小胶砂干燥收缩。     

双掺微硅粉和粉煤灰对钢纤维再生混凝土力学性能的影响

为了研究双掺微硅粉和粉煤灰对钢纤维再生混凝土力学性能的影响,制备了微硅粉和粉煤灰掺量分别为0、3％、6％、9％、12％、15％的36组试件,测试了钢纤维再生混凝土的坍落度、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度.结果表明:钢纤维再生混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度均随着粉煤灰以及微硅粉掺量的增大而先增大后减小;钢纤维混凝土在微硅粉掺量小于6％、粉煤灰掺量小于15％时具有较强的工作性能,且当微硅粉掺量为6％、粉煤灰掺量为3％时抗压、抗拉以及抗折强度最优.     

黑渣粉掺量对水泥性能影响的研究

本文利用"黑渣粉",即煤变油项目排出的尾渣作为配制水泥的混合材,研究了不同掺量黑渣粉a(无石膏掺加的黑渣粉)、黑渣粉b(石膏掺量为10%的黑渣粉)对水泥的凝结时间、胶砂流动度、标准稠度用水量、胶砂强度的性能影响。试验结果表明:黑渣粉的掺入可降低水泥胶砂流动度,降低水泥凝结时间,水泥标准稠度用水量有所增加,但增加幅度不大;黑渣粉掺量越大,水泥强度下降幅度越大,当掺量为30%时,水泥胶砂抗压强度不符合技术要求。综上所述,黑渣粉掺量范围在10%~20%,水泥各项性能均能达到标准要求。     

矿物掺合料对泡沫混凝土的性能影响

研究了单掺粉煤灰、矿渣粉和复掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉对干密度为400 kg/m3泡沫混凝土的抗压强度、导热系数以及吸水率的性能影响.当粉煤灰掺量为10%时,可增加抗压强度,掺量为30%时显著降低导热系数和吸水率;当矿粉掺量为20%时,可增加抗压强度和降低吸水率,但导热系数却随掺量增大而变大;当复掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉取代50%水泥,复掺比例为2:3时,能增加抗压强度和降低吸水率,导热系数随复掺比例增大而变大.在泡沫混凝土中掺加矿物掺合料,不仅可以降低水化热,还可以减少泡沫混凝土的开裂程度,该项研究成果为今后泡沫混凝土在地基保温处理、屋面保温、地暖垫层等方面提供了应用价值.     

玄武岩纤维增强混凝土力学性能的研究

本文研究了单掺玄武岩纤维及玄武岩纤维与粉煤灰复合对混凝土力学性能的影响.结果表明,掺0.05％～0.15％的玄武岩纤维对混凝土抗压强度的改善不明显,但可以明显提高混凝土的抗折和劈裂抗拉强度;当玄武岩纤维掺量为0.10％时,与基准混凝土相比,混凝土的28 d拉压比提高了27.2％,且当纤维掺量为0.15％时,混凝土28 d折压比提高13.5％,即玄武岩纤维掺入到混凝土中能降低混凝土的脆性,提高其韧性和抗裂性;同时,当适量的玄武岩纤维和粉煤灰复合,能进一步提高玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997