聚丙烯纤维对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力的影响

以混凝土试件的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度为评价指标,评价了聚丙烯纤维对混凝土抗硫酸盐干湿循环侵蚀性能的影响。结果表明,随着聚丙烯纤维长度的不断增大,混凝土试件在硫酸盐溶液中干湿循环60次后的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度值均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,聚丙烯纤维长度为16mm时,力学性能最好;当纤维的长度相同时,随着纤维掺量的增大,混凝土试件的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度值均是先增大后减小,纤维的掺量为2kg·m^-3时,其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度值均可以达到最大。研究结果认为,聚丙烯纤维的掺入能够有效提高混凝土试件的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力,选择聚丙烯纤维的长度为16mm,掺量为2kg·m^-3,此时,混凝土试件的各项力学性能均可以达到最佳。     

聚乙烯醇纤维混凝土力学性能及早期开裂试验研究

试验研究了将8 mm、12 mm的PVA纤维以不同的掺量(0.9 kg/m3、1.2 kg/m3、1.6 kg/m3即体积掺量为0.03％、0.05％、0.07％)掺入混凝土中,对混凝土的早期开裂现象及28 d的抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度产生的影响.结果表明:掺入PVA纤维会大幅度抑制混凝土早期裂缝的产生,其中掺入1.6 kg/m3的8 mm纤维时表现最佳,裂缝减少了89.6％.掺入PVA纤维使混凝土的抗压强度降低,并随着掺量的增加持续降低;抗折强度增大,于0.9 kg/m3时效果最佳,增大了41.9％,之后增幅反而下降;劈裂抗拉强度增大,于1.2 kg/m3时达最佳,增大32.2％,之后增幅下降.     

玄武岩纤维风积沙混凝土力学性能研究

为研究玄武岩纤维对风积沙混凝土力学性能的影响,试验选定风积沙掺量20％,玄武岩纤维掺量为0.0 kg/m3、1.0 kg/m3、1.5 kg/m3、2.0 kg/m3、2.5 kg/m3的情况下配制混凝土.研究玄武岩纤维风积沙混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉以及抗折强度的变化规律,最后通过电镜扫描(SEM)分析玄武岩纤维的作用机理.结果 表明:纤维掺量在1.5 kg/m3以内,随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加,玄武岩纤维风积沙混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉及抗折强度均增加,当掺量超过1.5 kg/m3时,混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉以及抗折强度开始下降.玄武岩纤维在风积沙混凝土中最佳掺量为1.5 kg/m3.玄武岩纤维对风积沙混凝土28 d抗压强度的提高更为显著,最大提高17％.相对于抗压强度而言,玄武岩纤维对风积沙混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的影响更大,抗拉强度最大提高26％.对抗折强度的影响呈现出玄武岩纤维早期(7 d)发挥重要作用,最大提高38％.微观结果表明:玄武岩纤维可以传输荷载,让应力分布更加均匀,抑制裂缝生成、发展,改变裂缝的走向.适量玄武岩纤维掺入可以提高风积沙混凝土的力学性能.     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能及最佳纤维掺量试验研究

以不掺塑钢纤维的LC30轻骨料混凝土为基准,研究了塑钢纤维掺量变化(5 kg/m3、7 kg/m3、9 kg/m3、11 kg/m3、13 kg/m3)对轻骨料混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折、弯曲韧性及抗冲击性能的影响,结果表明:塑钢纤维对轻骨料混凝土抗压性能改善效果不明显,但能显著提高轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弯曲韧性及抗冲击性能.综合各项性能指标给出塑钢纤维用于结构轻骨料混凝土的建议掺量为9 kg/m3.     

不同水胶比的塑钢纤维橡胶混凝土力学性能研究

在水胶比分别为0.36、0.42、0.48的情况下,分别对普通混凝土、橡胶混凝土、塑钢纤维橡胶混凝土进行了抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度等力学性能的试验研究.试验结果表明:掺入橡胶颗粒后,混凝土强度有所降低,塑钢纤维有助于提高橡胶混凝土的抗压强度.相同水胶比下,塑钢纤维对橡胶混凝土的抗折强度和抗拉强度的提高作用明显,折压比和拉压比均呈现先增大后减小趋势,塑钢纤维掺量宜控制在6 ～8 kg/m3之间.     

掺玄武岩纤维高强高钛重矿渣混凝土力学性能试验与分析

通过不同体积掺量玄武岩纤维(0.2%、0.4%和0.6%)的掺玄武岩纤维高强高钛重矿渣混凝土和普通高钛重矿渣的抗压、劈裂抗拉和抗折来分析玄武岩纤维的不同体积掺量对掺玄武岩纤维高强高钛重矿渣混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明,玄武岩纤维可显著改善试件劈裂抗拉性能和抗折性能,对抗压性能影响不大。抗压强度和抗折强度随玄武岩纤维掺量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,纤维掺量为0.4%时达到最大值,28d强度较基准混凝土分别增长了14.26%和28.89%,而劈裂抗拉强度随玄武岩纤维掺量的增加而持续增加,纤维掺量为0.6%时,28d强度较基准混凝土增长了39.24%。该种纤维混凝土可解决混凝土开裂的施工问题。     

城市地下隧道玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土的性能试验研究

利用室内试验方法制备了玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土,测试了其在不同玄武岩纤维和微硅粉掺量下的干缩率、立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度等性能,并分析了它们的变化规律.结果表明:纤维泡沫混凝土干缩率随着玄武岩纤维以及微硅粉掺量的增大而增大;泡沫混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度均随着玄武岩纤维以及微硅粉掺量的增大呈现了先增大后减小的变化规律;玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土的最大抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度与素泡沫混凝土相比分别提高51.1％、50％、66.3％.     

混杂纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

本试验研究了玻璃纤维和聚丙烯纤维单一掺入以及混合掺入时对轻骨料混凝土力学性能的影响.结果表明,玻璃纤维对轻骨料混凝土坍落度的影响要大于聚丙烯纤维的影响,并且玻璃纤维对轻骨料混凝土强度提高效果要优于聚丙烯纤维,当混合掺入0.6 kg/m3的玻璃纤维和0.6 kg/m3的聚丙烯纤维时,立方体抗压强度值最高.这两种纤维混杂后,聚丙烯纤维成为影响其混杂效应的最主要因素.在聚丙烯纤维掺量在不大于0.9 kg/m3时,混杂纤维轻混凝土体现出良好的正混杂效应.     

钢渣对粉煤灰再生混凝土力学性能的影响研究

将钢渣加入混凝土取代部分胶凝材料可以提高工业固体废弃物利用,有效保护环境。制备了不同钢渣掺量的混凝土试件,测试了不同钢渣掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度,分析了不同龄期的抗压强度、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度随钢渣微粉掺量的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)不同龄期的粉煤灰再生混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均在钢渣掺量为12%时达到最大;(2)混凝土的抗变形性能和抗折强度在钢渣掺量为12%～24%最佳;(3)当钢渣掺量超过24%时,随着钢渣掺量的增大,粉煤灰再生混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度将急剧减小。     

冻融作用后塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

以圆球形粉煤灰陶粒为粗骨料,对塑钢纤维(0kg/m3、3kg/m3、6kg/m3、9kg/m3)轻骨料混凝土试件进行快速冻融(0次、50次、100次、150次)试验,研究冻融后试件的抗压性能、劈裂抗拉性能、抗折性能、抗冲击性能.结果表明:冻融循环作用下,适量的塑钢纤维掺入可以明显增强轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度;提高轻骨料混凝土折压比,增强轻骨料混凝土抗裂性能;并能显著改善轻骨料混凝土的抗冲击性能.综合各项力学性能指标,冻融后轻骨料混凝土塑钢纤维最优掺量为6kg/m3.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。